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Expert System

An expert system is an AI-based program designed to simulate human expertise in specific fields, developed in the 1970s by Edward Feigenbaum. These systems enhance human decision-making by accumulating knowledge and applying it through a rules engine, characterized by high performance, domain specificity, reliability, and the ability to explain their reasoning. Key features include adequate response time, symbolic representation of knowledge, metaknowledge reasoning, and justified reasoning to improve user confidence.

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11 views

Expert System

An expert system is an AI-based program designed to simulate human expertise in specific fields, developed in the 1970s by Edward Feigenbaum. These systems enhance human decision-making by accumulating knowledge and applying it through a rules engine, characterized by high performance, domain specificity, reliability, and the ability to explain their reasoning. Key features include adequate response time, symbolic representation of knowledge, metaknowledge reasoning, and justified reasoning to improve user confidence.

Uploaded by

ashishsharma120513
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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An expert system is a computer program that uses artificial intelligence (AI) technologies to

simulate the judgment and behavior of a human or an organization that has expertise and
experience in a particular field.

Expert systems are usually intended to complement, not replace, human experts.

The concept of expert systems was developed in the 1970s by computer scientist Edward
Feigenbaum, a computer science professor at Stanford University and founder of Stanford's
Knowledge Systems Laboratory. The world was moving from data processing to "knowledge
processing," Feigenbaum said in a 1988 manuscript. That meant computers had the potential to do
more than basic calculations and were capable of solving complex problems thanks to new
processor technology and computer architectures, he explained.
Modern expert knowledge systems use machine learning and artificial intelligence to simulate the
behavior or judgment of domain experts. These systems can improve their performance over time
as they gain more experience, just as humans do.
Expert systems accumulate experience and facts in a knowledge base and integrate them with an
inference or rules engine -- a set of rules for applying the knowledge base to situations provided
to the program.
Characteristics of Expert System:
1. High level Performance: The system must be capable of responding at a level of
competency equal to or better than an expert system in the field. The quality of the advice
given by the system should be in a high level integrity and for which the performance ratio
should be also very high.
2. Domain Specificity: Expert systems are typically very domain specific. For ex., a
diagnostic expert system for troubleshooting computers must actually perform all the
necessary data manipulation as a human expert would. The developer of such a system
must limit his or her scope of the system to just what is needed to solve the target problem.
Special tools or programming languages are often needed to accomplish the specific
objectives of the system.
3. Good Reliability: The expert system must be as reliable as a human expert.
4. Understandable: The system should be understandable i.e. be able to explain the steps of
reasoning while executing. The expert system should have an explanation capability
similar to the reasoning ability of human experts.
5. Adequate Response time: The system should be designed in such a way that it is able to
perform within a small amount of time, comparable to or better than the time taken by a
human expert to reach at a decision point. An expert system that takes a year to reach a
decision compared to a human expert’s time of one hour would not be useful.
6. Use symbolic representations: Expert system use symbolic representations for
knowledge (rules, networks or frames) and perform their inference through symbolic
computations that closely resemble manipulations of natural language.
7. Linked with Metaknowledge: Expert systems often reason with metaknowledge i.e. they
reason with knowledge about themselves and their own knowledge limits and capabilities.
The use of metaknowledge is quite interactive and simple for various data representations.
8. Expertise knowledge: Real experts not only produce good solutions but also find them
quickly. So, an expert system must be skillful in applying its knowledge to produce
solutions both efficiently and effectively by using the intelligence human experts.
9. Justified Reasoning: This allows the users to ask the expert system to justify the solution
or advice provided by it. Normally, expert systems justify their answers or advice by
explaining their reasoning. If a system is a rule based system, it provides to the user all the
rules and facts it has used to achieve its answer.
10. Explaining capability: Expert systems are capable of explaining how a particular
conclusion was reached and why requested information is needed during a consultation.
This is very important as it gives the user a chance to access and understand the system’s
reasoning ability, thereby improving the user’s confidence in the system.

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