Discrete Probability

Distributions
4.1 INTRODUCTION

In this chapter we shall study some of the special probability distributions

corresponding to the discrete random variable. We shall also study their
parameters.

4.2 BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION

Repeated trials play a very important role in probability and statistics,
especially when number of trials are fixed. The probability of success
same for cachntrial, trials are independent of cach other and each trial resuls
in succss or failure.

Binomial Distribution is a discrete probability distribution which is

based on Bernoulli's process. Bernoulli process was propounded bySwiss
Mathematecian Janmes Bernoulli. ABernoulli random experiment S O
that has two outcomes:success or failure.These two
outcomes are mui
exclusive and exhaustive and their yalue is known as binomial ratuo
variable.

Definition; Arandon variable Xwhich takes the non-negative integ

values is said to follow binomial distribution if its
function is given by: probability m
P(X -*) = nC, 4"
p,x=0, 1, 2, ..n, p, q>0and q=l-p
Here two constants nand p parameters
of the in the
distribution. If Xis a distribution are called the binomial
random
distribution with parameters nand pthen we write X~B(n, p) (readas
variable which follows
follows binomial with
parameters n and p]
 Applied Mathematics
4.2

This experiment of binomial distributions holds under the following

conditions :
() The number of trials 'n' is finite.
(ii) The trials are independent of each other.
failure.
(i) Each trial results either in success or
constant for each trial.
(iv) The probability of success p remains
Remarks
experiment is repeated N
1. Ifn trials constitute an experiment and the successes are given by
times, then the frequencies of 0, 1, 2, ..n
NP(X=0),N.P(X= 1), ..., N.P(X= n)
... n.
or N.P(X= x) where x = 0, 1, 2,
OR
= 0, 1, 2, .., n.
N.P(X= x) = M.nc. q p where x
probabilities in B.D. is permissible because
2. The assignment of
=

x=0 r=0
-",9'ptn,,9"p't...tn,q'" n

= (qtp)
= 1.

times. If "getting a head is regarded as

Example 1. A coin is tossed 7
getting
success" then find the probability of success.
atleast 6 successes (c) No
(b)
(a)Exactly 6 successes single toss of a coin
gettinga hcad in a
Solution : Letp: probability of
2 2
number of success (heads)
Let X denote the
Probability of successes is given by
x
..
where.x =0, 1,2, .., 7

successes) = P(X= 6)
() P(Exactly 6
=

7
128
Discrete Probability Distributions

P(atleast 6 success) = P(X26)

()
-P(X= 6) +P(X= 7)

8
128
(iin) PNo Success) = P (X= 0)
1
128

is rolled on 6 times. If"getting a doublet is

Example 2. Apair of fair dice
success, then find the probability ofgetting
regarded as
(i)) No doublet
(ii) Atleast one doublet
(ii) Atmost 5 doublets. throw of
Letp be the probability of getting a doublet in a single
Solution :
a pair ofdice.
1 5
6 1
P 36 6' q=1-,6 6
=
=

LetXdenotes the number of doublets

The probability distribution of number ofx successes is
..
PX= x) = n q"p,x=0, 1, 2,.., n

PX- x) - -0, 1.2..

() Probability of no doublet - P(X- 0)

I5625
( 46656

(ii) Probability of atleastone doublet -| PK= 0)

31031
46656
 Applied Mathematics
4,4

(i) Probability of atmost 5 doublets = P(XS 5)

=|-PX=6)

= |

=]
46656

46655
46656

wrecked, find the

Example 3. If on an average 1 vessel in every 10
atleast 4 will arrive
probabiity that out of 5 vessels expected to arrive,
safely.
Solution : Letp:The probability of avessel to arrive safely
9
p = q=l-p=
10 10
of vessel which arrive
Also n = 5, X: Random variable of number
safely
5-x
,x=0, 1, 2, ... 5
P(X= x) = 5c,
. Required probability = P(X2 4)
=P(X= 4) + P(X=5)
91854
Sc, 10000

= 0.91854.
as often as it fails. It the
EXample 4. An experiment succeeds twice probability of atleast
experiment is performed 6 times then find the
4 successes.
Solution : Let p:probability of asuccess
4: probability of failure
experiment succeeds twice as often as it fails)
Here p =24 (as
But ptq =I

2q t q =|4= 3
2
n=6
3
Discrete Probability Distributions

Let N'be the random variable of number of successes

.. PX4) = P(X= 4) + P(X=5) + P(X= 6)

496
729
Example 5. In aBinomial distribution consisting of 5independent triol.
probabilities of l and 2successes are 0.4096 and 0..2048
the paramcter p of the distribution. respectively. Find
Solution : Letp: probability of success in a trial and X: r.v. of number of
successes Here, n=5.
Now, P(X= 1) =0,4096 =C g'p=5g'p
and P(X= 2) =0.2048 =C2 g'p= 10g'p
(i)+ (ii)
0.4096 5q'p ’2= 9
0.2048 3 2
10g'p 2p
= 4p =1-p
p =

Example 6. In ahurdle race,aplayer has to cross 10 hurdles. The Probab1lity

that he will clear each hurdle is
6 What is the probabilitythat he wll
knock down fewer than 2 hurdles?
Solution : Letp be the probability that the player knock down the hurdie.
5 1
6 6 6
Let x be the random variable representing number of hurdles whichthe
player knock down.
Also n- 10

P(X=x) = x=0, 1, 2, ...10

Probability that the player knock down fewer than two
= P(X< 2) hurdles
= P (X-0) + P
(X=1l)
 Applied Mathematics
4.6

that, on an average
Example 7. From past weather records, it has been found
the probability that in a
rain falls on ten days in the month of June. Find
given week ofJune. four wet.
() First three days will be dry and remaining
(ii) Exactly three days will be wet. day in the month of June.
Solution: Let pbe the probability ofa rainy
the month of June. Therefore.
days in
Since it rains ten days and there are 30
10 1
P 30 3
2

probability that in a given week of junethe first three days

() The
will be dry and remaing four days wet
=q.4.9 .Pp.pp
4

2187
variable which represents the number ofwet
(ii) Let Xbe the random
in the month ofjune. with
(rainy) days in a week binomial distribution
Therefore X follows a

n -7.p=74 3
exactly three days of the week are
Therefore the probability that
wet
560 - 0,2560
P(X= 3) = 2187
0.6,
willlivetill 70is live
the man aged 60
Example 8. If the probabilitythat of 10 men now 60, atleast 7 will
what is the probability that out
upto 70.
Discrete Probability Distributions
47

Solution : Letp: Probability that a man aged 60live upto 70

p = 0.60 q=0,40
Let Xbe the randonm variable representingthe number of men
living upto 70. aged 60
Here n = 10

The probability distribution of Xis

PX=x) = nCx x=0, 1,2...n

P(X= x) = 10c, (04)(o6. x=0 to 10

Probability that atleast 7men out of 10 aged 60 live upto 70

= P(X> 7)
= P(X=7) + P(X= 8) + P(X=9) + P(X= 10)
=

10c,(0.4)°(0.6)' +10 (0.4 (0.6

+ 10,(0.4)'(0.8 +10 (0.6)
- (0.6)'[7.68 +4.32 + 1.44 +0.216]
= 0.38223.

Example 9. If 40percent of the mice used in an experiment willbecome

very aggresive within 1minute after having been administered an
experimentaldrug. find the probability that exactly 6of 10 mice that have
been administered the drug, willbecome very aggresive within l minute.
Solution : Letp be the probability that the mice used in experiment becones
aggressive within I minute after administering a drug.
40 60
100 100
Let X denotes the number of mice who have been administered the
drug become aggressive
Here n= 10.
The probabilitydistribution ofX is
P(X= x) =e q p, x=0, 1, 2,... 10
I0-x
60
P(X = x) = 10, ,N=0, 1, 2.,10
100
Therefore the pprobability that 6of l0 mice that have been administered
4.8 Applied Mathematics

the drug will become aggressive within one minute

6
60 40
= P(X=6) = 10c.Co100 100

217728 = 0.11148
1953125
Delhi, consumers
Example 10. After the privatisation of power sector in
the supplier Tata Power
often complain that new meters installed by On rigorous testing of
Distribution Pvt. Ltd. are defective and run faster.defective and run faster.
meters were
meters it was found that 10% of the
housing society, a test check was conducted on 5 meters. What
Ina group meter is
are defective; (ii) at least one
meters
is the probability that (i) two
defective? defective
meter installed is
Solution: Let p:Probability that the
10 =0.10, q=1-0.10 = 0.90
100
n =5
Here
number of defective meters so
Let X be the variable representing the
installed. defective number of meters is
The probability distribution ofthe
x=0, 1, 2...n
P(X=x) =nc,

=0.0729

() PX= 2) = SC,
=|-PX= 0)
(ii) P(XE 1)
=]
1.
|-0.,59049= 0,4095
=
Binomlal Dlstrlbutlon
4.2.1 Mean of
ncq p,x=0to nthen
=
Let X~ B(n, p). Then P(-x)
 Applied Mathematics
4.12

4.2.5 Moments generating functlon (m.g.) of B.D.

Let X~B (n, p)
then
r=0 X=0

r=0
= (qtpey
Example 11. Comment upon the statement :
The mean of a B.D. is 3and its variance is 5",
Solution : Here X = np =3
o,2 = npg = 5 ...(ü)
and
(ii) + ()
5
npq ’q=>lwhich is not possible
3 3
np
So the given statement is not correct.
second moment about mean
Example 12. The mean of a B.D. is 3and its
is 2. Find the B.D.
Solution:Here mean =3 and u, =2
np -3, and o, = 2 (: , = G,)
2
...()
i.e., np =3
...(i1)
and npg =2
2
(ii) + (i), we get 4 = 3
p=l-= 3
Now np =3’n=9
.". B.D is
where x=0, 1,2, 3, ... 9.
P(X= x) =

with n - 8,p -
BXample 13. Compute the mode of aB.D. 2

Solution: Here n =8, p= 2

9 which is not an integer
(n+ 1)p = (8+):, 2
Discrete Probability Distributions

So mode -(n+ Dpl--4

Example 14. The probability of a man hitting a target is
4 How many
times must he fire so that the probability of his hitting the target atleast
2
once is greater than ?
3
Solution : Suppose the man fires n times and X denote the numher of
times he hits the target

P(X= x) = nc. , x=0, 1, 2, ... n

2
Now, Phitting the target atleast once) > 3
2
P(X>1)) > 3
2
1- P(X=0) > 3
2
3

1
< ..)
3
By trial, we find n = 1, 2, 3does not satisfy but n =4,5, 6, ...satisty
...)
n =4

Example 15. How many dice must be thrown so that there is a better tna
even chance of obtaining a six?
Solution: Let n dices be thrown and let x be the number of sixes. Heltp
probability of obtaining six =
6

rx-) - "c,).*-0, 1, 2,..

Now, we have to find the smallest value of nfor which PX=0)isless
than i.e., P(X = 0) <
2 2
 Applied Mathematics
4.14

..(1)

By trial we find n =4, 5, 6, ... satisfy ()

4.
So least value of n is
how many times
Example 16. In 256 sets of eight tOsses of a fair coin,
and 5 tails?
may one expect 3 heads single toss of acoin
Solution : Letp: probability of getting head in a
1
p
59=7 n=8, N= 256
= N.P(X= x)
. Number of times one can get x heads

-N. PC, H*-01, 2,. 3

= 256. x=0, 1, 2, ...8

heads and S tails

Expected Number of times to get 3
= 256.

= C 3 - 56
Find (u) mean of
Example 17. If the m.g.f. of a variate Xis
that distribution (b) P(X= 2). MA) =(gt pe')"
Solution: We know that the m.g.f. of B.D. is
Also M)= 3 3
2
3=5
2 10
.. (a) Mean of B.D, = np = 5x 3 3

40
(b) P(X= 2) = 243
Discrete Probability Distributions
4.15
Example 18. Seven fair coins are tossed and number of
heads
experiment is repcated|128 times and the following distribution is
noted. The
No. of heads 2 3 4 5 6
obtained:
6 18 36 27 26
Total
Frequencies 7
128
Fit the Binomial distribution and find the expected frequencies.
Solution :Letp : proability of getting head in a single toss of acoin
1 1
p=,9= n=7, =128
2 ,9 2
.:. Expected frequencies are given by
= N. P(X=x)
=N."C, qp, x=0, 1, 2, ... n

128.7,
= 128. x=0, 1, 2, ...7
=
cx=0, 1, 2, ...7
Therefore the fitted distribution with expected frequencies:
No. of heads 0 1 2 3 4 6 Total
Expected 7 21 35 35 21 128

Example 19. Find the most probable number of heads 99 tossing o a

biased coin, given that the probability of head in a single tossing is 3/5.
Solution: Here number of tosses n= 99
33
Probability of head in a single toss of abiased coin =p=
5
3
(n + 1) p= (99 + )= =60
Since (n + l)p is apositive integer therefore the distributionis bimodal
with model (n + 1)p - 1, and (n+ 1)p
i.e., 60 - 1 and 60 = 59 and 60
 x+1q
Examples
31. A die is tossed 6 times. What is the probability that "6° is shown up.
(1)Exactly twice (2) Atleast 5 times
Solution :
Let X be the random variables where
X*= Number of times 6 has occurred.
p= Probability of success.
=P(getting 6° in single throw)= 6

i. q probability of failure = 1-p=l-?

6 6
n=number of trials = 6
1
learly 'X fllows binomia distributicn with n=6, p= 69:
6

Now P(X -g) =*c) -

625 9375
1. 6 =15X =0.2009
(6) 46656 46656

2. P(X=5) + P(X = 6)

6x5 31
(6' (6) i 46656
32. An insurance salesman sells polices to Smen, all of idential age and good health. According to the acturial tables
the probability that a man of this parlieular age will be alive 30 years hence is 2/3. Find the probability that 30
years hence (1) atleast Iman will be alive, (ii) atleast 3 men willbe alive.
Solution:
Let X be the random variable where. X: 'Number of men alive'.
2
Clearly 'X' follows binomial distribution where p= probability that man will be alive 30 years hence =3
92I
3 3 'n' =5 |As salesman sells polices to Smen.]
(1) P [Atleast I man will be alive]
=1-(Probability that no man will be alive]
242
243 243
P-60
B.C.A. Mathematics (Second Semester)
(i) Plat least 3men will be alive]
P[X=3]+P[X =4]+ P[X =5]

8 8 192 64
[10+2*$+4x] 0+10+ 4]= 243-=
81
33 Five cards are drawn successfully with replacement froma well shuffled deck of 52 cards what is the probability
that:
(1) Allthe five cards are spades? (2) Only 3 cards are spades?
Solution:
Let X be the random variable where
X*=number of spade cards.
13. 1
Let p = P[card is of spade] = 52 4

,n=5. [As 5 cards are drawn with replacement]

) PX=s]-c,p'g -p'a-p'-H)
(2) P[X= 3] = 'C, p'g
= 103) 90 -90 45
(4) (4) 1024 512
34. An experiment succeeds twice as often as it fails. What is the probability that in next five trials there will be
(1) Three success (2) At least four success
Solution :
Let x* be the random variable where
X: 'number of success'.
Clearly X follows a binomial distribution.
2
Also p= and q= 3
|As experiment succeeds here as often as the falls; Ratio is 2:1]
n= number of trials = 5
1o(2)' 80
(1) P=(X =3] =°Cp'q-- 10. (3)' 243

(2) P[Getting at least four successes]

=P[X =4]+P[X =s] ='c, pq'+'C, p'q
= s ,(2)' l6x7 |12
(3)' 243 243

suffer from it. If 10 workers are

35. The incidence ofa certain disease is such that on the average 20% of workers
disease.
Selected at random, find the probability that not more than 2 workers sufter from the
 Chapter- 3 | Random Variable and Probability Distribution
Solution :
P-81
X with random variable where
X'= number of' workers siffering from disease
20
'p' -P [Worker willsufter from disease] = 100 = 0.2

q=1-0.2 =0.8; n= 10
Now P[Not more than two workers suffer from disease] = P[X =0]+ P[X= 1] + P[X = 21
="Cp'qlo-0 + C,p'q0 -1 +C,p'qo-2 = 1.p'q0+ 10.pq' +45p'q'
=q'[q' + 10.pq + 45p]- q[(0.8)}+ 10(0.2)(0.8) +45(0.21
= 0.16777216 (0.64 + 1.6+ 1:8)= 0.167772 16 [4.04]= 0.677799526
36. An iregular six faced die is thrown and the
expectation that in 10 throws it willgive five even numbers is tuie
the expectation that it will give four even numbers. How many times is 10,000 sets 10 throws would von evse
itto give no even numbers.
Solution:
Let X be the random variable where
X numbers of even numbers on irregular six faced die'.
'n'= number of trial_ = 10. Also P[X =5]= P[X=4]
C,p'252p'q2
qu-s=2[°C,p'q9-]
x210 p'q; 126p =210q
= 63p = 105q ’ 3p= 5q (1)
Also p +q=1
(2)
Solving (1 ) and (2) we get: p=:
8
q=
8
Now required probability = NP [X=0]
- 10,000[1CAp(q)9

-10,000 x1× =0.549 0.55

37. Let
X- B7. Find P(X - 2).
Solution:
Recurrence formula for the binomial distribution is given by:
P(x+1)= X+1g
-XPp(x) (x=0, 1, 2, ....7)

Here n =
-7, p=. 4 4

Now P(I) = P(0 +1)=2-14,

I+137P(O)
/4

P(2)-2-24 5

2+1 3/ 4
P(I) P)
5_ (3) 1215
(3' (4) (4)' 16384
P-64 B.C.A. Mathematics (Second Semester)
Case- II:
When (n + 1)p is not an integer:
(n+ 1)p is a traction. ’ (n +Dp and (n +1)p-l are two consecutive fraction.
Then the integer r lies between two consecutive fractions which differs by I.
Then r= mod al value =(n+)p]

3.18|Fitting of Binomial Distribution)

Suppose a random experiment consists of 'n' trials and satisfying the conuiions of bigomial distribution, is
repeated N times.
Then the frequencies of 'r' successes is given by
fr) =N.P(r) = N. CP'qt [r=0, 1, 2, 3, ....]
Tocalculate p we use the result : (N= Ef]
SX fX
np=p= Efxn

Examples
38. The mean and variance ofa binomial distribution are 3and 2respectively. Find the probability that the variable
takes the values less than or equal to 1.
Solution:
np =3 (given)
and npq 2 (given)
3q=2 [np =3]
2 2 1 1
q= 3 ’p=l-q=l-77
Now P[X si]=P[X =0]+P[X=1]
='Cp'q?-0 +°C,p'q?-= 1.q° +9pq'

39. 4unbiased coins are tossed 256 times calculate the mean and standard deviation of the number of heads.

Solution:
Let X be the random variable where
X= »number of heads in 256 times
clearly X follows binomial distribution where n=4 and N= 256.

Also p = getting head when an unbiased coins is tossed = 2

Mean = np 4.=2. Slandarddiviation - /npq =4xxi-1

22
distributionof sucesses, if getting a total
40, If two dice are rolled 12 times, obtain the mean and the variance of the
greater than 4 is a success.
Solution:
Let X be the random variable where
X='number of success in 12 trials'
Clearly X follows binomial distribution where n = 12.
6 30 S
P= probability of getting total greater than 4 =| 36 36 6
I1,(12), (13), (21), (22), (3) are out comes where total is not greater than 4)
5
q=1-2! .Mean= np= 12x=10, Variance =npq = 12xx=
6 6 3
6 6 6
Chapter- 3 | Random Varlable and Probability Distrbutlon
P-66
41. Ifon an average 8ships out of 10 arrive safely at a port, find the mean and standard devation of the
ships arriving safely out of total of 1600 ships. number of
Solution :
Let Xbe the random variable where X'number of ships arriving safely at a port clearly Xfollows
variable. random
8
Also n = 1600 and p=
10
-= 0.8 ’ q=1-0.8=0.2
Mean =E(X) = np =1600x 0.8 = 1280
Variance =var (X) = npq = 1280 x 0.2- 256
. Standard deviation ofX- J256= 16
42. If the probability ofa defective bolt is 0.2 find mean and standard deviation of defective bolts in a total ofonn
bolts.
Solution :
Let Xbe the random variable where X= number of defective bolts.
Clearly Xfollows binomial distribution where p =0.2 ’q=0.8 and n=900
E(X) =mean = np=900 x 0.2 = 180
var X = npq = 180 x 0.8 = 144
Standard deviation of X= J44 = 12
43. Showthat if X-B(n,p), then E(X) > var(X)
Solution:

Let X- B(np) ; E(X)=np var (X) =npq

To show np > npq
ie. np-npq >0 1.e np(1-) >0
i.e. np.p>0’ np>0 which is true
neN and p' >Onp' >o
44. In a binomial the sum and product of the mean and 25 50
variance are 3 and 3 respectively. Find the distribution.
Solution :
Clearly np = mean and npq = variance.
(Where n, p are the parameter of binomial distribution)
25 25
Now np +npq 3 np(1 t q) =
3
50 50
and np(npq) = n'p'q= 3
25 25
Now as np(1+) = 3 . np =
3(1+4) ..(1)
50 50
Also as n'p'q = 3

25 50
i.e. 625 s0
|3(1+4) 3q |From (1)
1875q = 450(1 +q ; 1875q = 450(0 +q t 9(1+q)'
2q)
3q
’ 450q+900q - 1875q +450 =0
90q - 195q + 90 = 0 > 1 8q 39q +18 =0
6q'-13q+6= 0 = 6q' -94-4q +6= 0
3[24-3]-2(24-3) =0 >(24-3)(34-2) =0 ’q=or q=
3
Neglect q=as (q <1) Where q=;p=l-q= I-77
2_1
 P- 66
B.C.A. Mathematics (Second Semester)
Pulling in equation (1 ) we get
25 25
np= n 25
3(1+q)
Hence distribution i
3)
t0,1.2,..15
45. HX follows binomial distribution with parametet n- 8 and p . there find P(| X-4| 2)
Solutien :

X- B(n.p). Mean of X- np - 8x -4
and variance of X = npq - As X-B(n,p)

;r=0, 1, 2, . 8
P(X-4s2)= P(-2sX-4s2)
»P(-2+4sX-4+4s2+4) »P(2sXs6)
-P(X =2)+P(X =3) +P(X =4)+ P(X -s)+ P(X -6)

-(*c, "rc, c
256!
+2x
8!
355! 4b 4
238 I19
2x8x7x6,Bx70
3×2

-(56+112-70 56 256 128

46
Fit a binomial dis1ribution to the following data:
I2 34
28 62 46 | 10 4
Solution:
Fiting a binomial disribution.
1X
28
62 62
2 46 92
30

16
4
X IX 2000 Also n - 4
Clearly EX = 200 and f- |50 I50 3
4
Now mean = i.e. np= p = 3n (:n-4)

2
>q=1-q=l
 Chapter- 3 | Random Varlable and Probabillty Dlstributlon

Acconding to the binomial distribution expected frequencies are given by:

f()= NP(r) IN= 150 =Ef] r(r)=150 P()

(r=0, 1,2, 3, 4]
\4-0
150x 16
Now = 29.629 30
81

150x4x 8
= 59.25 59
81

f(2) =150x 150x6x(2) 150x6x4 = 44.444 44

(3) 81

150x4x(2) = 14.814
r)=190:*c,A 81
15

150
=1.851=2
81
.:. Expected frequences of binomial
distribution are:
X0 1 2 34
f305944 | 15 2
47. Let X follows binomial
distribution with parameter n and p. Show that:
)
e-p-, n 69) Co-Where q=1-pl
Solution:
(() As X~B(n,p).. E(X)=np
var X= npq

= Var
) Ivar X=E[X-E(X)] =E(X-x}
var(X) = n [var (aX) = a' var X]

-oao-)--)()-))
--(:-4)(-}-) I: E(X)=X]
P-68 B.C.A. Mathematics (Second Semester)

48. -B(.p) and M.GF.of -

X e ) ..FindP(X =1).
Solution:

An X ~B(n,p) . MGF =(1+pe') -(

: P(X=1)='c, (p)' (4)
10

(3)' 1
49. Compute the mode of abinomial distribution with n = 50; p=.
6
Solution:
51
Consider (n+1)p= (50+ 1) = Not an integer]
8. =8+
Mode = Integral part of (n + l)p =8
50. Compute a mode of abinomial distribution with n=7, p=.
Solution:

Consider (n+ Dp -(7+ 1);-,-4 (which is as an integer)

i.mode =(n+1)p and (n+1)p-1

i.e. mode = 4 and 3.
Exercise
success.
times in sets of 8. The occurence of 5 or 6 is called a
1. A perfect cubic die is thrown a large number of 1792
[Ans. 6961
Find P(X=3).
Find the
product of the mean and variance of abinomial distributions are 24 and 128 respectively.
2, The sum and
(Ans. r=0, 1, 2, ..32]
distribution.
4
distribution one 4 and respectively. Find P(X > ). |Aus.
3. The mean and variance of a binomial
trials is 1.8, tind the distribution. [Aus.
sum of the mean and variance of a binomial distribution for 5
If the
P(X=r)=c, (0.2)) (0.8)" r=0, I, 2, 3, 4,5] times. If the
probability p, 0 < p<l, ofheads is tossed until a head appears for the tirst
5. A biased coin with 2
even is Show thal p 3
probability that the number of tosses requird is
IfP(X = 4), P(X = S) and PX = 6)are
6. denote the number of times heads occur in n tosses of afair coin. [Ans. 7. 14]
Let X
in AP, find the value of n. isl17. Determine the
and variance of abinomial distribution is 15 and the sum of their squares
7. The sum of mean
distribution. IAns.
r=0, 1, 2, ...... 27|

of 5 independent trials, probabilities of Iand 2successes are 0.4096 and

8. In a binomial distribution consisting
[Ans.
0.2048 respectively. Find parameter 'p:
one head is 87.5%.
9. tosses of a coin are needed so that the probability of getting at least
How many