AMC ENGINEERING COLLEGE

ACADEMIC YEAR: 2024-2025

LAB MANUAL

FACULTY NAME : Manjula Devi .P

DESIGNATION : ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT : ISE
COURSENAME : DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY

COURSECODE : BCSL305

SEMESTER : III
 AMC ENGINEERING COLLEGE
Department of Information Science & Engineering

VISION OF THE INSTITUTE

To develop standard educational institution to deliver quality education in an

excellent academic environment

MISSION OF THE INSTITUTE

To deliver value based education to the students and make them competent
tech savvy, effective professional leaders and entrepreneurs with a distinct power
to match the global standards.
 AMC ENGINEERING COLLEGE
Department of Information Science & Engineering

DEPARTMENT VISION

“To Develop the Department as a Center of Excellence in the area of

Information Science and Engineering for the benefit of Society”.

DEPARTMENT MISSION

To Provide the State-of-the-Art Infrastructure and Technology in the Field of

MD1
Information Science and Engineering.
MD2 To Deliver Value-Based Education through Modern Teaching Pedagogy.

To Impart Theoretical, Computational and Practical Knowledge in the Area of

MD3
Information Technology.

To Collaborate with Institute, Industry and Research Organizations for the

MD4
Cutting Edge Technologies.
To Develop an Entrepreneurial, Ethical and Socially Responsible
MD5
Professionals.

AMC ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Department of Information Science & Engineering

PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

PEO
Lead a successful Professional Career with Proficiency in Designing IT Solutions.
1
PEO Pursue Higher Studies with Practical Knowledge of Concepts and Skills in the Field of
2 Information Technology.
PEO Exhibit Professionalism, Teamwork and Expose to Current Trends towards Continuous
3 Learning.

PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES

Apply the appropriate Computational Techniques, Data Organization, Information

PSO1
Processing, Algorithms and Programming tools for solving Engineering problems.
Adopt Software Development Life Cycle methodologies and tools to build robust
PSO2
Management Information System.
Apply layered architecture, security and protocols of Networking to build
PSO3
infrastructure for Information Technology.
 DATA STRUCTURES LABORATORY SEMESTER – III

Course Code BCSL305 CIE Marks 50

Number of Contact Hours/Week 0:0:2 SEE Marks 50
Total Number of Lab Contact Hours 28 Exam Hours 03
Credits – 1
Course Learning Objectives:
This laboratory course enables students to get practical experience in design, develop, implement, analyze and
evaluation/testing of
● Dynamic memory management
● Linear data structures and their applications such as stacks, queues and lists
● Non-Linear data structures and their applications such as trees and graphs

Descriptions (if any):

● Implement all the programs in “C ” Programming Language and Linux OS.
Programs List:
1 Develop a Program in C for the following:
. a) Declare a calendar as an array of 7 elements (A dynamically Created array) to represent 7 days of a week.
Each Element of the array is a structure having three fields. The first field is the name of the Day (A
dynamically allocated String), The second field is the date of the Day (A integer), the third field is the
description of the activity for a particular day (A dynamically allocated String).
b) Write functions create(), read() and display(); to create the calendar, to read the data from the keyboard
and to print weeks activity details report on screen.

2 Develop a Program in C for the following operations on Strings.

. a. Read a main String (STR), a Pattern String (PAT) and a Replace String (REP)
b. Perform Pattern Matching Operation: Find and Replace all occurrences of PAT in STR with REP if PAT
exists in STR. Report suitable messages in case PAT does not exist in STR
Support the program with functions for each of the above operations. Don't use Built-in functions.

3 Develop a menu driven Program in C for the following operations on STACK of Integers (Array
. Implementation of Stack with maximum size MAX)
a. Push an Element on to Stack
b. Pop an Element from Stack
c. Demonstrate how Stack can be used to check Palindrome
d. Demonstrate Overflow and Underflow situations on Stack
e. Display the status of Stack
f. Exit
Support the program with appropriate functions for each of the above operations

1
4. Develop a Program in C for converting an Infix Expression to Postfix Expression. Program
should support for both parenthesized and free parenthesized
expressions with the operators: +, -, *, /, % (Remainder), ^ (Power) and
alphanumeric operands.
5. Develop a Program in C for the following Stack Applications
a. Evaluation of Suffix expression with single digit operands and operators: +, -, *, /, %,
^
b. Solving Tower of Hanoi problem with n disks

6. Develop a menu driven Program in C for the following operations on Circular QUEUE of
Characters (Array Implementation of Queue with maximum size MAX)
a. Insert an Element on to Circular QUEUE
b. Delete an Element from Circular QUEUE
c. Demonstrate Overflow and Underflow situations on Circular QUEUE
d. Display the status of Circular QUEUE
e. Exit
Support the program with appropriate functions for each of the above operations
7. Develop a menu driven Program in C for the following operations on Singly Linked List
(SLL) of Student Data with the fields: USN, Name, Programme, Sem,
PhNo
a. Create a SLL of N Students Data by using front insertion.
b. Display the status of SLL and count the number of nodes in it
c. Perform Insertion / Deletion at End of SLL
d. Perform Insertion / Deletion at Front of SLL(Demonstration of stack)
e. Exit
8. Develop a menu driven Program in C for the following operations on Doubly Linked List (DLL)
of Employee Data with the fields: SSN, Name, Dept, Designation,
Sal, PhNo
a. Create a DLL of N Employees Data by using end insertion.
b. Display the status of DLL and count the number of nodes in it
c. Perform Insertion and Deletion at End of DLL
d. Perform Insertion and Deletion at Front of DLL
e. Demonstrate how this DLL can be used as Double Ended Queue.
f. Exit
9. Develop a Program in C for the following operationson Singly Circular Linked List (SCLL)
with header nodes
a. Represent and Evaluate a Polynomial P(x,y,z) = 6x2y2z-4yz5+3x3yz+2xy5z-2xyz3
b. Find the sum of two polynomials POLY1(x,y,z) and POLY2(x,y,z) and store the
result in POLYSUM(x,y,z)
Support the program with appropriate functions for each of the above operations
10. Develop a menu driven Program in C for the following operations on Binary Search Tree
(BST) of Integers .
a. Create a BST of N Integers: 6, 9, 5, 2, 8, 15, 24, 14, 7, 8, 5, 2
b. Traverse the BST in Inorder, Preorder and Post Order
c. Search the BST for a given element (KEY) and report the appropriate message
d. Exit
11. Develop a Program in C for the following operations on Graph(G) of Cities
a. Create a Graph of N cities using Adjacency Matrix.
b. Print all the nodes reachable from a given starting node in a digraph using DFS/BFS
method

2
 12. Given a File of N employee records with a set K of Keys (4-digit) which uniquely determine
the records in file F. Assume that file F is maintained in memory by a Hash Table (HT) of m
memory locations with L as the set of memory addresses (2-digit) of locations in HT. Let the
keys in K and addresses in L are Integers. Develop a Program in C that uses Hash function H:
K →L as H(K)=K mod m (remainder method), and implement hashing
technique to map a given key K to the address space L. Resolve the collision (if any) using
linear probing.
Laboratory Outcomes: The student should be able to:

● Analyze various linear and non-linear data structures

● Demonstrate the working nature of different types of data structures and their applications
● Use appropriate searching and sorting algorithms for the give scenario.
● Apply the appropriate data structure for solving real world problems
Conduct of Practical Examination:
● Experiment distribution
o For laboratories having only one part: Students are allowed to pick one experiment
from the lot with equal opportunity.
o For laboratories having PART A and PART B: Students are allowed to pick one
experiment from PART A and one experiment from PART B, with equal opportunity.
● Change of experiment is allowed only once and marks allotted for procedure to be made zero
of the changed part only.
● Marks Distribution (Need to change in accordance with university regulations)
c) For laboratories having only one part – Procedure + Execution + Viva-Voce: 15+70+15 =
100 Marks
d) For laboratories having PART A and PART B
i. Part A – Procedure + Execution + Viva = 6 + 28 + 6 = 40 Marks
ii. Part B – Procedure + Execution + Viva = 9 + 42 + 9 = 60 Marks

3
1.Develop a Program in c for the following:
a) Declare a calendar as an array of 7 elements ( A Dynamically created
array) to represent 7 days of a week. Each element of the array is a
structure having three fields. The first field is the name of the Day( A
Dynamically allocated string). The second field is the date of the
day(A integer) .The third field is the description of the activity for a
particular day (A dynamically allocated string).
b) Write functions create(),read() and display(); to create the calendar,
to read the data from the keyboard and to print weeks activity
details report on screen.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
struct Day
{
char *name;
int date;
char *activity;
};
struct Day* calendar[7];
void create( )
{
int i;
for(i=0;i<7;i++)
{
calendar[i]=(struct Day*)malloc(sizeof(struct Day));
calendar[i]->name=(char*)malloc(20*sizeof(char));
calendar[i]->activity=(char*)malloc(100*sizeof(char));
}

4
}
void read()
{
int i;
for(i=0;i<7;i++)
{
printf("Enter day name:");
scanf("%s",calendar[i]->name);
printf("Enter Date:");
scanf("%d",&calendar[i]->date);
printf("Enter activity:");
scanf("%s",calendar[i]->activity);
printf("\n");
}
}
void display()
{
int i;
printf("Weekly activity details:\n");
for(i=0;i<7;i++)
{
printf("Day%d:%s--%d,\tActivity:%s\n",i+1,calendar[i]-
>name,calendar[i]->date,calendar[i]->activity);
}
}
int main()
{

5
 int i;
printf("Creating calendar:\n");
create();
printf("Reading calendar:\n");
read();
printf("Displaying calendar:\n");
display();
for(i=0;i<7;i++)
{
free(calendar[i]->name);
free(calendar[i]->activity);
free(calendar[i]);
}
return 0;
}

OUTPUT:
Creating calendar:
Reading calendar:
Enter day name: MONDAY
Enter Date:1
Enter activity: RUN
Enter day name: TUESDAY
Enter Date:2
Enter activity: JOG
Enter day name: WEDNESDAY

6
Enter Date:3
Enter activity: SWIM
Enter day name: THURSDAY
Enter Date:4
Enter activity: SLEEP
Enter day name: FRIDAY
Enter Date:5
Enter activity: COOK
Enter day name: SATURDAY
Enter Date:6
Enter activity: DANCE
Enter day name: SUNDAY
Enter Date:7
Enter activity: SING
Displaying calendar:
Weekly activity details:
Day1:MONDAY--1, Activity: RUN
Day2:TUESDAY--2, Activity: JOG
Day3:WEDNESDAY--3, Activity: SWIM
Day4:THURSDAY--4, Activity: SLEEP
Day5:FRIDAY--5, Activity: COOK
Day6:SATURDAY--6, Activity: DANCE
Day7:SUNDAY--7, Activity: SING

7
2. Develop a Program in C for the following operations on Strings.
a) Read a main string(STR), a pattern string(PAT) and a Replace String(REP)
b) Perform pattern matching operation : Find and replace all occurrences
of PAT in STR with REP if PAT exists in STR. Report suitable message in
case PAT does not exist in STR.
Support the program with functions for each of the above operations. Don’t
use built in functions.
#include<stdio.h>
void read_data();
void search_replace();
char str[100], pat[100], rep[100], update[100];
void main()
{
read_data();
search_replace();
}
void read_data()
{
printf("\nEnter a string:\n");
gets(str);
printf("\nEnter a search string:\n");
gets(pat);
printf("\nEnter a replace string:\n");
gets(rep);
}
void search_replace()
{
int i=0, j=0, c=0, m=0, k, flag=0;

8
while(str[c]!='\0')
{
if(str[m]==pat[i])
{
i++;
m++;
if(pat[i]=='\0')
{
flag=1; for(k=0;rep[k]!='\0';k+
+,j++)
update[j]=rep[k];
i=0;
c=m;
}
}
else
{
update[j]=str[c];
j++;
c++;
m=c;
i=0;
}
}
if(flag==1)
{

9
 update[j]='\0';
printf("The resultant string is \n%s", update);
}
else
printf("string not found:");
}
OUTPUT :
Enter a string:
GOOD MORNING
Enter a search string:
MORN
Enter a replace string:
EVEN
The resultant string is
GOOD EVENING

10
3. Develop a menu driven program in C for the following operations on
STACK of integers (Array Implementation of Stack with maximum size MAX)
a)
Push an element on to stack
b)
Pop an Element from stack
c)
Demonstrate how stack can be used to check palindrome
d)
Demonstrate overflow and underflow situation on Stack
e)
Display the status of Stack
f) Exit
Support the program with appropriate functions for each of the above
operations
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#define MAX 10
int s[MAX], item, top = -1;
void push()
{
if (top == MAX - 1)
{
printf("Stack overflow\n");
return;
}
top++;
s[top] = item;
}
int pop()
{
if (top == -1)
return -1;
return s[top--];

11
}
void display()
{
if (top == -1)
{
printf("Stack is empty\n");
return;
}
printf("Contents of the stack:\n");
for (int i = 0; i <= top; i++)
{
printf("%d\n", s[i]);
}
}
void palindrome()
{
int i, j;
for (i = 0, j = top; i <= j; i++, j--) {
if (s[i] != s[j])
{
printf("Not palindrome\n");
return;
}
}
printf("Palindrome\n");
}

12
int main()
{
int ch;
while (1)
{
printf("MENU\n");
printf("1.Push\t2.Pop\t3.Check palindrome\t4.Display\t5.Exit\n");
printf(" \n");
printf("Enter your choice:\n");
scanf("%d", &ch);
switch (ch) {
case 1:
printf("Enter the item:");
scanf("%d", &item);
push();
break;
case 2:
printf("Popped value=%d\n", pop());
break;
case 3:
palindrome();
break;
case 4:
display();
break;
case 5:

13
 exit(0);
default:
printf("Invalid choice\n");
break;
}
}
return 0;
}
OUTPUT :
MENU
1.Push 2.Pop 3.Check palindrome 4.Display 5.Exit
--------------------
Enter your choice:
4
Stack is empty
MENU
1.Push 2.Pop 3.Check palindrome 4.Display 5.Exit
--------------------
Enter your choice:
1
Enter the item:1
MENU
1.Push 2.Pop 3.Check palindrome 4.Display 5.Exit
--------------------
Enter your choice:
1

14
Enter the item:2
MENU
1.Push 2.Pop 3.Check palindrome 4.Display 5.Exit
--------------------
Enter your choice:
1
Enter the item:1
MENU
1.Push 2.Pop 3.Check palindrome 4.Display 5.Exit
--------------------
Enter your choice:
3
Palindrome
MENU
1.Push 2.Pop 3.Check palindrome 4.Display 5.Exit
--------------------
Enter your choice:
4
Contents of the stack:
1
2
1
MENU
1.Push 2.Pop 3.Check palindrome 4.Display 5.Exit
--------------------
Enter your choice: 5

15
4. Develop a Program in C for converting an Infix Expression to Postfix
Expression. Program should support for both parenthesized and free
parenthesized expressions with the operators: + , - , * , / , %(Remainder) ,
^(Power) and alphanumeric operands.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
int F(char symbol)
{
switch(symbol)
{
case '+':
case '-':
return 2;
case '*':
case '%':
case '/':
return 4;
case '^':
case '$':
return 5;
case '(':
return 0;
case '#':
return -1;
default : return 8;
}

16
}
int G(char symbol)
{
switch(symbol)
{
case '+':
case '-':
return 1;
case '*':
case '%':
case '/':
return 3;
case '^':
case '$':
return 6;
case '(':
return 9;
case '#':
return 0;
default : return 7;
}
}
void infix_postfix(char infix[],char postfix[])
{
int top,i,j;
char s[30];

17
 char symbol;
top=-1; s[+
+top]='#';
j=0;
for(i=0;i<strlen(infix);i++)
{
symbol=infix[i];
while(F(s[top])>G(symbol))
postfix[j++]=s[top--];
if(F(s[top])!=G(symbol))
s[++top]=symbol;
else top--;
}
while(s[top]!='#')
postfix[j++]=s[top--];
postfix[j]='\0';
}
void main()
{
char infix[20];
char postfix[20];
printf("Enter the valid infix expression:\
n"); scanf("%s",infix);
infix_postfix(infix,postfix);
printf("The postfix expression is:\n");
printf("%s\n",postfix);

18
}

OUTPUT :
Enter the valid infix expression:
A-B-D*E/F+B*C
The postfix expression is:
AB-DE*F/-BC*+

19
5. Develop a program in C for the following stack application
a) Evaluation of suffix expression with single digit operands and operators + ,
-,*,/,%,^.
b) Solving Tower of Hanoi with n disks.
a) Evaluation of suffix expression with single digit operands and operators + , - ,
*,/,%,^.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<math.h>
double compute(char symbol, double op1, double op2)
{
switch(symbol)
{
case '+':
return op1+op2;
break;
case '-':
return op1-op2;
break;
case '*':
return op1*op2;
break;
case '/':
return op1/op2;
break;
case '$':
case '^':

20
 return pow(op1,op2);
break;
default:return 0;
}
}
void main()
{
double s[20],res,op1,op2;
int top,i;
char postfix[20],symbol;
printf("\nEnter the postfix expression:\n");
gets(postfix);
top=-1;
for(i=0;i<strlen(postfix);i++)
{
symbol=postfix[i];
if(isdigit(symbol))
s[++top]=symbol-'0';
else
{
op2=s[top--];
op1=s[top--];
res=compute(symbol,op1,op2);
s[++top]=res;
}
}

21
 res=s[top--];
printf("\nThe result is :%f\n",res);
}
OUTPUT :
Enter the postfix expression:
65+3-
The result is :8.000000
b) Solving Tower of Hanoi with n disks.
#include<stdio.h>
void transfer(int n,char s,char t,char d)
{
if(n==0)
return;
transfer(n-1,s,d,t);
printf("Move disc %d from %c to %c\n",n,s,d);
transfer(n-1,t,s,d);
}
void main()
{
int n;
printf("Enter the number of discs:\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
transfer(n,'A','B','C');
}

OUTPUT : Enter the number of discs:

3
Move disc 1 from A to C
Move disc 2 from A to B
Move disc 1 from C to B
Move disc 3 from A to C
Move disc 1 from B to A
Move disc 2 from B to C
Move disc 1 from A to C

22
6. Develop a menu driven Program in C for the following operations
on Circular QUEUE of
a) Characters (Array Implementation of Queue with maximum size MAX)
b) Insert an Element on to Circular QUEUE
c) Delete an Element from Circular QUEUE
d) Demonstrate Overflow and Underflow situations on Circular QUEUE
e) Display the status of Circular QUEUE
f) Exit
Support the program with appropriate functions for each of the
above operations
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#define QUE_SIZE 5
char item;
int count, q[QUE_SIZE], front, rear;
void insertQ()
{
if (count == QUE_SIZE)
{
printf("Queue Overflow\n");
return;
}
rear = (rear + 1) % QUE_SIZE;
q[rear] = item;
count++;
}
char deleteQ()
{
if (count == 0)

23
 return -1;
int item = q[front];
front = (front + 1) %
QUE_SIZE; count--;
return item;
}
void display()
{
if (count == 0)
{
printf("Queue is empty\n");
return;
}
printf("Contents of the queue are:\n");
int i, f;
for (i = 0, f = front; i < count; i++)
{
printf("%c\n", q[f]);
f = (f + 1) % QUE_SIZE;
}
}
int main()
{
int choice;
front = 0;
rear = -1;

24
for (;;)
{
printf("1.Insert\t 2.Delete\n");
printf("3.Display\t 4.Exit\n");
printf("Enter your choice: ");
scanf("%d", &choice);
switch (choice)
{
case 1:
printf("Enter the item to be inserted: ");
scanf(" %c", &item);
insertQ();
break;
case 2:
item = deleteQ();
if (item == -1)
{
printf("Queue is empty\n");
}
else
{
printf("Item deleted from queue is %c\n", item);
}
break;
case 3:
display();

25
 break;
case 4:
exit(0);
default:
printf("Invalid choice\n");
}
}
return 0;
}
OUTPUT:
1.Insert 2.Delete
3.Display 4.Exit
Enter your choice:
1
Enter the item to be inserted:
A 1.Insert 2.Delete
3.Display 4.Exit
Enter your choice:
1
Enter the item to be inserted: B
1.Insert 2.Delete
3.Display 4.Exit
Enter your choice:
1
Enter the item to be inserted:
C 1.Insert 2.Delete
3.Display 4.Exit
26
Enter your choice:
1
Enter the item to be inserted: D

27
1.Insert 2.Delete
3.Display 4.Exit
Enter your choice:
1
Enter the item to be inserted:
E 1.Insert 2.Delete
3.Display 4.Exit
Enter your choice:
3
Contents of the queue are:
A
B
C
D
E
1.Insert 2.Delete
3.Display 4.Exit
Enter your choice:
1
Enter the item to be inserted: F
Queue Overflow
1.Insert 2.Delete
3.Display 4.Exit
Enter your choice:
2
Item deleted from queue is A
1.Insert 2.Delete
28
3.Display 4.Exit
Enter your choice:
3
Contents of the queue are:

29
B
C
D
E
1.Insert 2.Delete
3.Display 4.Exit
Enter your choice:
4

30
7. Develop a menu driven program in C for the following operations on singly
linked lists(SLL) of student data with the fields : USN, Name , Program , Sem,
Ph no.
a) Create a SLL of n Students data by using front insertion.
b) Display the status of SLL and count the number of nodes in it.
c) Perform insertion / deletion at the end of SLL.
d) Perform insertion / deletion at the front of SLL.
e) Exit.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
struct node
{
int USN, SEM, PHNO;
char NAME[20], BRANCH[10];
struct node *link;
};

typedef struct node *NODE;

NODE first = NULL;
int count = 0;

int USN, SEM, phno;

char name[20], branch[10];

NODE insert_front()
{
NODE temp;
temp = (NODE)malloc(sizeof(struct node));
printf("Enter student details:\n"); printf("USN\
t Name\tBranch\tSem\tPhno.\n");
scanf("%d\t%s\t%s\t%d\t%d", &USN, name, branch, &SEM,
&phno); temp->USN = USN;
strcpy(temp->NAME, name);
strcpy(temp->BRANCH, branch);
temp->SEM = SEM;

31
 temp->PHNO = phno;
temp->link = first;
count++;
return temp;
}

void create()
{
int i, n;
printf("Enter number of students:\n");
scanf("%d", &n);
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
first = insert_front();
}
}

NODE delete_front()
{
NODE temp;
if (first == NULL)
{
printf("List is empty cannot delete\n");
return first;
}
temp = first;
first = first->link;
printf("Student usn=%d,name=%s\n", temp->USN, temp->NAME);
free(temp);
count--;
return first;
}

NODE insert_rear()
{
NODE temp;
NODE cur;
temp = (NODE)malloc(sizeof(struct node));

32
 printf("Enter student details:\n"); printf("USN\tName\
tBranch\tSem\tPhno\n");
scanf("%d %s %s %d %d", &USN, name, branch, &SEM,
&phno); temp->USN = USN;
strcpy(temp->NAME, name);
strcpy(temp->BRANCH, branch);
temp->SEM = SEM;
temp->PHNO = phno;
temp->link = NULL;

if (first == NULL)
{
first = temp;
count++;
return first;
}

cur = first;
while (cur->link != NULL)
{
cur = cur->link;
}
cur->link = temp;
count++;
return first;
}

NODE delete_rear()
{
NODE temp, cur, prev;
if (first == NULL)
{
printf("List is empty cannot delete\n");
return first;
}
if (first->link == NULL)
{
printf("Student USN=%d;name=%s\n", first->USN, first->NAME);

33
 count--;
free(first);
return NULL;
}
prev = NULL;
cur = first;
while (cur->link != NULL)
{
prev = cur;
cur = cur->link;
}
printf("Student USN=%d;name=%s\n", cur->USN, cur->NAME);
free(cur);
prev->link = NULL;
count--;
return first;
}

void display()
{
NODE temp;
if (first == NULL)
{
printf("List is empty\n");
return;
}
printf("The contents of singly linked list:\n");
temp = first;
while (temp != NULL)
{
printf("%d\t%s\t%s\t%d\t%d\n", temp->USN, temp->NAME, temp-
>BRANCH, temp->SEM, temp->PHNO);
temp = temp->link;
}
printf("The number of nodes in singly linked list=%d\n", count);
}

int main()

34
{
int choice;
for (;;)
{

printf("\n1.Create\t2.Display\n3.Insert_rear\t4.Delete_rear\n5.Demonstration
of stack Insert_front,Delete_front\nEnter your choice:\n");
scanf("%d", &choice);
switch (choice)
{
case 1:
create();
break;
case 2:
display();
break;
case 3:
first = insert_rear();
break;
case 4:
first = delete_rear();
break;
case 5:
printf("Push\n");
first = insert_front();
printf("Pop\n");
first = delete_front();
break;
default:
printf("INVALID CHOICE\n");
exit(0);
}
}
return 0;
}

35
 OUTPUT :
1.Create 2.Display
3.Insert_rear 4.Delete_rear
5.Demonstration of stack Insert_front,Delete_front
Enter your choice:
1
Enter number of students:
3
Enter student details:
USN Name Branch Sem Phno.
1 XXX CSE 3 100
Enter student details:
USN Name Branch Sem Phno.
2 YYY CSE 3 101
Enter student details:
USN Name Branch Sem Phno.
3 ZZZ CSE 3 102
1.Create 2.Display
3.Insert_rear 4.Delete_rear
5.Demonstration of stack Insert_front,Delete_front
Enter your choice:
2
The contents of singly linked list:
3 ZZZ CSE 3 102
2 YYY CSE 3 101
1 XXX CSE 3 100
The number of nodes in singly linked list=3

1.Create 2.Display
3.Insert_rear 4.Delete_rear
5.Demonstration of stack Insert_front,Delete_front
Enter your choice:
3
Enter student details:
USN Name Branch Sem Phno
0 XYZ CSE 3 099
1.Create 2.Display
3.Insert_rear 4.Delete_rear

36
 5.Demonstration of stack Insert_front,Delete_front
Enter your choice:
2
The contents of singly linked list:
3 ZZZ CSE 3 102
2 YYY CSE 3 101
1 XXX CSE 3 100
0 XYZ CSE 3 99
The number of nodes in singly linked list=4

1.Create 2.Display
3.Insert_rear 4.Delete_rear
5.Demonstration of stack Insert_front,Delete_front
Enter your choice:
4
Student USN=0;name=XYZ

1.Create 2.Display
3.Insert_rear 4.Delete_rear
5.Demonstration of stack Insert_front,Delete_front
Enter your choice:
2
The contents of singly linked list:
3 ZZZ CSE 3 102
2 YYY CSE 3 101
1 XXX CSE 3 100
The number of nodes in singly linked list=3

1.Create 2.Display
3.Insert_rear 4.Delete_rear
5.Demonstration of stack Insert_front,Delete_front
Enter your choice:
5
Push
Enter student details:
USN Name Branch Sem Phno.
4 SGK CSE 3 988
Pop

37
 Student usn=4,name=SGK

1.Create 2.Display
3.Insert_rear 4.Delete_rear
5.Demonstration of stack Insert_front,Delete_front
Enter your choice:
2
The contents of singly linked list:
3 ZZZ CSE 3 102
2 YYY CSE 3 101
1 XXX CSE 3 100
The number of nodes in singly linked list=3

1.Create 2.Display
3.Insert_rear 4.Delete_rear
5.Demonstration of stack Insert_front,Delete_front
Enter your choice: 0

38
8. Develop a menu driven program in C for the following operations on
doubly linked lists(DLL) of employee data with the fields : SSN, Name , Dept ,
Designation, Sal, Ph no.
a) Create a DLL of n Employee data by using end insertion.
b) Display the status of DLL and count the number of nodes in it.
c) Perform insertion / deletion at the end of DLL.
d) Perform insertion / deletion at the front of DLL.
e) Demonstration how this DLL can be used as Double Ended Queue.
f) Exit.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
typedef struct
{
int ssn;
char name[20], dept[20], desg[20], ph[20];
float sal;
} EMPL;

struct node
{
int ssn;
char name[20], dept[20], desg[20], ph[20];
float sal;
struct node *llink;
struct node *rlink;
};
typedef struct node *NODE;
NODE getnode()
{
NODE x;

39
 x = (NODE)malloc(sizeof(struct node));
if (x == NULL)
{
printf("Out of memory\n");
exit(0);
}
return x;
}
NODE insert_front(EMPL item, NODE first)
{
NODE temp;
temp = getnode();
temp->ssn = item.ssn;
strcpy(temp->name, item.name);
strcpy(temp->dept, item.dept);
strcpy(temp->desg, item.desg);
temp->sal = item.sal;
strcpy(temp->ph, item.ph);
temp->llink = temp->rlink = NULL;
if (first == NULL)
return temp;
temp->rlink = first;
first->llink = temp;
return temp;
}
NODE insert_rear(EMPL item, NODE first)
{
NODE temp, cur;
temp = getnode();

40
 temp->ssn = item.ssn;
strcpy(temp->name, item.name);
strcpy(temp->dept, item.dept);
strcpy(temp->desg, item.desg);
temp->sal = item.sal;
strcpy(temp->ph, item.ph);
temp->llink = temp->rlink = NULL;
if (first == NULL)
return temp;
cur = first;
while (cur->rlink != NULL)
{
cur = cur->rlink;
}
cur->rlink = temp;
temp->llink = cur;
return first;
}
NODE delete_front(NODE first)
{
NODE second;
if (first == NULL)
{
printf("Employee list is empty\n");
return NULL;
}
if (first->rlink == NULL)
{
printf("Employee details deleted: ssn=%d\n", first->ssn);

41
 free(first);
return NULL;
}
second = first->rlink;
second->llink = NULL;
printf("Employee details: ssn=%d\n", first->ssn);
free(first);
return second;
}
NODE delete_rear(NODE first)
{
NODE cur, prev;
if (first == NULL)
{
printf("List is empty cannot delete\n");
return first;
}
if (first->rlink == NULL)
{
printf("Employee details deleted: ssn=%d\n", first->ssn);
free(first);
return NULL;
}
prev = NULL;
cur = first;
while (cur->rlink != NULL)
{
prev = cur;
cur = cur->rlink;

42
 }
printf("Employee details deleted: ssn=%d\n", cur->ssn);
free(cur);
prev->rlink = NULL;
return first;
}
void display(NODE first)
{
NODE cur;
int count = 0;
if (first == NULL)
{
printf("Employee list is empty\n");
return;
}
cur = first;
while (cur != NULL)
{
printf("SSN-%d\nSALARY-%f\nNAME-%s\nDEPARTMENT-%s\nDESIGNATION-
%s\nPHONE-%s\n", cur->ssn, cur->sal, cur->name, cur->dept, cur->desg, cur->ph);
cur = cur->rlink;
count++;
}
printf("Number of employees=%d\n", count);
}
int main()
{
NODE first;
int choice;
EMPL item;

43
 first = NULL;
for (;;)
{

printf("\n1.Insert_front\t2.Insert_rear\n3.Delete_front\t4.Delete_rear\n5.Display\t6.Exit\n
");
printf("Enter your choice:\n");
scanf("%d", &choice);
switch (choice)
{
case 1:
printf("SSN:");
scanf("%d", &item.ssn);
printf("NAME:");
scanf("%s", &item.name);
printf("DEPARTMENT:");
scanf("%s", &item.dept);
printf("SALARY:");
scanf("%f", &item.sal);
printf("DESIGNATION:");
scanf("%s", &item.desg);
printf("PHONE:");
scanf("%s", &item.ph);
first = insert_front(item, first);
break;
case 2:
printf("SSN:");
scanf("%d", &item.ssn);
printf("NAME:");
scanf("%s", &item.name);

44
 printf("DEPARTMENT:");
scanf("%s", &item.dept);
printf("SALARY:");
scanf("%f", &item.sal);
printf("DESIGNATION:");
scanf("%s", &item.desg);
printf("PHONE:");
scanf("%s", &item.ph);
first = insert_rear(item, first);
break;
case 3:
first = delete_front(first);
break;
case 4:
first = delete_rear(first);
break;
case 5:
display(first);
break;
case 6:
exit(0);
break;
}
}
return 0;
}
OUTPUT :
1.Insert_front 2.Insert_rear
3.Delete_front 4.Delete_rear

45
5.Display 6.Exit
Enter your choice:
1
SSN:1
NAME :
XXX
DEPARTMENT : HR
SALARY : 100000
DESIGNATION : MANAGER
PHONE : 100
1.Insert_front 2.Insert_rear
3.Delete_front 4.Delete_rear
5.Display 6.Exit
Enter your choice :
1
SSN : 2
NAME : YYY
DEPARTMENT : HR
SALARY : 50000
DESIGNATION : ASSISTANT
PHONE : 200
1.Insert_front 2.Insert_rear
3.Delete_front 4.Delete_rear
5.Display 6.Exit
Enter your choice :
5
SSN - 2
SALARY - 50000.000000
NAME - YYY
DEPARTMENT - HR

46
DESIGNATION - ASSISTANT
PHONE - 200
SSN - 1
SALARY - 100000.000000
NAME - XXX
DEPARTMENT - HR
DESIGNATION - MANAGER
PHONE - 100
Number of employees=2

1.Insert_front 2.Insert_rear
3.Delete_front 4.Delete_rear
5.Display 6.Exit
Enter your choice :
2
SSN : 3
NAME : ZZZ
DEPARTMENT : PR
SALARY : 150000
DESIGNATION : SEN.MANAGER
PHONE : 234
1.Insert_front 2.Insert_rear
3.Delete_front 4.Delete_rear
5.Display 6.Exit
Enter your choice :
5
SSN - 2
SALARY - 50000.000000
NAME - YYY

47
DEPARTMENT - HR
DESIGNATION - ASSISTANT
PHONE - 200
SSN - 1
SALARY - 100000.000000
NAME - XXX
DEPARTMENT - HR
DESIGNATION - MANAGER
PHONE - 100
SSN - 3
SALARY - 150000.000000
NAME - ZZZ
DEPARTMENT - PR
DESIGNATION - SEN.MANAGER
PHONE - 234
Number of employees = 3

1.Insert_front 2.Insert_rear
3.Delete_front 4.Delete_rear
5.Display 6.Exit
Enter your choice :
3
Employee details: ssn = 2

1.Insert_front 2.Insert_rear
3.Delete_front 4.Delete_rear
5.Display 6.Exit
Enter your choice :
4

48
Employee details deleted: ssn = 3

1.Insert_front 2.Insert_rear
3.Delete_front 4.Delete_rear
5.Display 6.Exit
Enter your choice :
5
SSN - 1
SALARY - 100000.000000
NAME - XXX
DEPARTMENT - HR
DESIGNATION - MANAGER
PHONE - 100
Number of employees = 1

1.Insert_front 2.Insert_rear
3.Delete_front 4.Delete_rear
5.Display 6.Exit
Enter your choice :
6

49
9. Develop a Program in C for the following operations Singly Circular
Linked Lists(SCLL) with the header nodes
a) Represent and Evaluate a polynomial P(x,y,z) = 6x
b) Find the sum of the polynomials POLY1(x,y,z) and POLY2(x,y,z) and store the
result in POLYSUM(x,y,z)
Support the program with appropriate functions for each of the above operation.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<math.h>
#define COMPARE(x,y) ((x==y)?0:(x>y)?1:-1)
struct node
{
int coef;
int xexp,yexp,zexp;
struct node *link;
};
typedef struct node *NODE;
NODE getnode()
{
NODE x;
x=(NODE)malloc(sizeof(struct node));
if(x==NULL)
{
printf("Running out of memory\n");
exit(0);
}
return x;
}
NODE attach(int coef,int xexp,int yexp,int zexp,NODE head)
{
NODE temp,cur;

50
 temp=getnode();
temp->coef=coef;
temp->xexp=xexp;
temp->yexp=yexp;
temp->zexp=zexp;
cur=head->link;
while(cur->link!=head)
{
cur=cur->link;
}
cur->link=temp;
temp->link=head;
return head;
}
NODE read_poly(NODE head)
{
int i,j,coef,xexp,yexp,zexp,n;
printf("Enter the no of terms in the polynomials:");
scanf("%d",&n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("\nEnter the %d term:",i+1);
printf("\nCoef=");
scanf("%d",&coef);
printf("\n\t\tEnter Pow(x) Pow(y) Pow(z):");
scanf("%d",&xexp);
scanf("%d",&yexp);
scanf("%d",&zexp);
head=attach(coef,xexp,yexp,zexp,head);

51
 }
return head;
}
void display(NODE head)
{
NODE temp;
if(head->link==head)
{
printf("\npolynomial does not exist");
return;
}
temp=head->link;
while(temp!=head)
{
printf("%dx^%dy^%dz^%d",temp->coef,temp->xexp,temp->yexp,temp->zexp);
temp=temp->link;
if(temp!=head)
printf("+");
}
}
int poly_evaluate(NODE head)
{
int x,y,z,sum=0;
NODE poly;
printf("\nEnter the value of x,y,z;\n");
scanf("%d %d %d",&x,&y,&z);
poly=head->link;
while(poly!=head)
{

52
 sum+=poly->coef*pow(x,poly->xexp)*pow(y,poly->yexp)*pow(z,poly->zexp);
poly=poly->link;
}
return sum;
}
NODE poly_sum(NODE head1,NODE head2,NODE head3)
{
NODE a,b;
a=head1->link;
b=head2->link;
while(a!=head1 && b!=head2)
{
while(1)
{
if(a->xexp==b->xexp && a->yexp==b->yexp && a->zexp==b->zexp)
{
int coef=a->coef+b->coef;
head3=attach(coef,a->xexp,a->yexp,a->zexp,head3);
a=a->link;
b=b->link;
break;
}
if(a->xexp!=0||b->xexp!=0)
{
switch(COMPARE(a->xexp,b->xexp))
{
case -1: head3=attach(b->coef,b->xexp,b->yexp,b->zexp,head3);
b=b->link;
break;

53
 case 0: if(a->yexp>b->yexp)
{
head3=attach(a->coef,a->xexp,a->yexp,a->zexp,head3);
a=a->link;
break;
}
else if(a->yexp<b->yexp)
{
head3=attach(b->coef,b->xexp,b->yexp,b->zexp,head3);
b=b->link;
break;
}
else if(a->zexp>b->zexp)
{
head3=attach(a->coef,a->xexp,a->yexp,a->zexp,head3);
a=a->link;
break;
}
else if(a->zexp<b->zexp)
{
head3=attach(b->coef,b->xexp,b->yexp,b->zexp,head3);
b=b->link;
break;
}
case 1: head3=attach(a->coef,a->xexp,a->yexp,a->zexp,head3);
a=a->link;
break;
}
break;

54
}
if(a->yexp!=0||b->yexp!=0)
{
switch(COMPARE(a->yexp,b->yexp))
{
case -1: head3=attach(b->coef,b->xexp,b->yexp,b->zexp,head3);
b=b->link;
break;
case 0: if(a->zexp>b->zexp)
{
head3=attach(a->coef,a->xexp,a->yexp,a->zexp,head3);
a=a->link;
break;
}
else if(a->zexp<b->zexp)
{
head3=attach(b->coef,b->xexp,b->yexp,b->zexp,head3);
b=b->link;
break;
}
case 1: head3=attach(a->coef,a->xexp,a->yexp,a->zexp,head3);
a=a->link;
break;
}
break;
}
if(a->zexp!=0||b->zexp!=0)
{
switch(COMPARE(a->zexp,b->zexp))

55
 {
case -1: head3=attach(b->coef,b->xexp,b->yexp,b->zexp,head3);
b=b->link;
break;
case 1: head3=attach(a->coef,a->xexp,a->yexp,a->zexp,head3);
a=a->link;
break;
}
break;
}
}
}
while(a!=head1)
{
head3= attach(a->coef,a->xexp,a->yexp,a->zexp,head3);
a=a->link;
}
while(b!=head2)
{
head3=attach(b->coef,b->xexp,b->yexp,b->zexp,head3);
b=b->link;
}
return head3;
}
int main()
{
NODE head,head1,head2,head3;
int res,ch;
head=getnode();

56
head1=getnode();
head2=getnode();
head3=getnode();
head->link=head;
head->link=head;
head1->link=head1;
head2->link=head2;
head3->link=head3;
while(1)
{
printf("MENU\n");
printf("\n1.Represent and evaluate a polynomial P(x,y,z)");
printf("\n2.Find the sum of two polynomials POLY(x,y,z)");
printf("\nEnter your choice:");
scanf("%d",&ch);
switch(ch)
{
case 1:printf("\nPolynomial evaluation P(x,y,z)\n");
head=read_poly(head); printf("\
nRepresentation of a polynomial:\n");
display(head);
res=poly_evaluate(head);
printf("\nResult of Polynomial evaluation is:%d\n",res);
break;
case 2:printf("\nEnter POLY1(x,y,z):");
head1=read_poly(head1);
printf("\nEnter POLY2(x,y,z):");
head2=read_poly(head2);
printf("\nPolynomial 1 is\n");

57
 display(head1); printf("\
nPolynomial 2 is\n");
display(head2);
printf("\nPolynomial addition result:\n");
head3=poly_sum(head1,head2,head3);
display(head3);
break;
case 3: exit(0);
}
}
return 0;
}

OUTPUT:
MENU

1.Represent and evaluate a polynomial P(x,y,z)

2.Find the sum of two polynomials POLY(x,y,z)
Enter your choice:1
Polynomial evaluation P(x,y,z)
Enter the no of terms in the polynomials:5
Enter the 1 term:
Coef=6
Enter Pow(x) Pow(y) Pow(z):2 2 1
Enter the 2 term:
Coef=-4
Enter Pow(x) Pow(y) Pow(z):0 1 5
Enter the 3 term:
Coef=3

58
Enter Pow(x) Pow(y) Pow(z):3 1 1
Enter the 4 term:
Coef=2
Enter Pow(x) Pow(y) Pow(z):1 5 1
Enter the 5 term:
Coef=-2
Enter Pow(x) Pow(y) Pow(z):1 1 3
Representation of a polynomial:
6x^2y^2z^1+-4x^0y^1z^5+3x^3y^1z^1+2x^1y^5z^1+-2x^1y^1z^3
Enter the value of x,y,z;
111
Result of Polynomial evaluation is:5
MENU

1.Represent and evaluate a polynomial

P(x,y,z) 2.Find the sum of two polynomials
POLY(x,y,z) Enter your choice:2
Enter POLY1(x,y,z):Enter the no of terms in the polynomials:5
Enter the 1 term:
Coef=6
Enter Pow(x) Pow(y) Pow(z):4 4 4
Enter the 2 term:
Coef=3
Enter Pow(x) Pow(y) Pow(z):4 3 1
Enter the 3 term:
Coef=5
Enter Pow(x) Pow(y) Pow(z):0 1 1
Enter the 4 term:
Coef=10

59
Enter Pow(x) Pow(y) Pow(z):0 1 0
Enter the 5 term:
Coef=5
Enter Pow(x) Pow(y) Pow(z):0 0 0
Enter POLY2(x,y,z):Enter the no of terms in the polynomials:5
Enter the 1 term:
Coef=8
Enter Pow(x) Pow(y) Pow(z):4 4 4
Enter the 2 term:
Coef=4
Enter Pow(x) Pow(y) Pow(z):4 2 1
Enter the 3 term:
Coef=30
Enter Pow(x) Pow(y) Pow(z):0 1 0
Enter the 4 term:
Coef=20
Enter Pow(x) Pow(y) Pow(z):0 0 1
Enter the 5 term:
Coef=3
Enter Pow(x) Pow(y) Pow(z):0 0 0
Polynomial 1 is
6x^4y^4z^4+3x^4y^3z^1+5x^0y^1z^1+10x^0y^1z^0+5x^0y^0z^0
Polynomial 2 is
8x^4y^4z^4+4x^4y^2z^1+30x^0y^1z^0+20x^0y^0z^1+3x^0y^0z^0
Polynomial addition result:
14x^4y^4z^4+3x^4y^3z^1+4x^4y^2z^1+5x^0y^1z^1+40x^0y^1z^0+20x^0y^0z^1+8x^0y^0z

60
10. Develop a menu driven Program in C for the following operations on Binary
Search Tree (BST) of integers.
a) Create a BST of N integers : 6 , 9 , 5 , 2 , 8 , 15 , 24 , 14 , 7 , 8 , 5 , 2 .
b) Traverse the BST in Inorder , Postorder , Preorder
c) Search the BST for a given element(KEY)and report the appropriate
message.
d) Exit.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
struct node
{
int info;
struct node *llink;
struct node
*rlink;
};
typedef struct node *NODE;
NODE getnode()
{
NODE x;
x=(NODE)malloc(sizeof(struct node));
if(x==NULL)
{
printf("out of memory\n");
exit(0);
}
return x;
}
void preorder(NODE root)
61
{
if(root!=NULL)
{
printf("%d\n",root->info);
preorder(root->llink);
preorder(root->rlink);
}
}
void postorder(NODE root)
{
if(root!=NULL)
{
postorder(root->llink);
postorder(root->rlink);
printf("%d\n",root->info);
}
}
void inorder(NODE root)
{
if(root!=NULL)
{
inorder(root->llink);
printf("%d\n",root->info);
inorder(root->rlink);
}
}

62
NODE insert(int item,NODE root)
{
NODE
temp,cur,prev;
temp=getnode();
temp->info=item;
temp->llink=NULL;
temp->rlink=NULL;
if(root==NULL)
return temp;
prev=NULL;
cur=root;
while(cur!=NULL)
{
prev=cur;
if(item<cur->info)
cur=cur->llink;
else
cur=cur->rlink;
}
if(item<prev->info)
prev->llink=temp;
else
prev->rlink=temp;
return root;
}
NODE search(int item,NODE root)
63
{
if(root==NULL)
return root;
if(item==root->info)
return root;
if(item<root->info)
return search(item,root->llink);
return search(item,root->rlink);
}
void main()
{
NODE root,cur;
int choice,item;
root=NULL;
for(;;)
{
printf("1.Insert\t2.Preorder\t3.Postorder\t4.Inorder\t5.Search\n");
scanf("%d",&choice);
switch(choice)
{
case 1:
printf("Enter the item to be inserted\n");
scanf("%d",&item);
root=insert(item,root);
break;
case 2:

64
 if(root==NULL)
{
printf("Tree is empty\n");
break;
}
printf("The given tree in tree form\n");
printf("Preorder traversal is\n");
preorder(root);
printf("\n");
break;
case 3:
if(root==NULL)
{
printf("Tree is empty\n");
break;
}
printf("The given tree in tree form\n");
printf("Postorder traversal is\n");
postorder(root);
printf("\n");
break;
case 4:
if(root==NULL)
{
printf("Tree is empty\n");
break;

65
 }
printf("The given tree in tree form\n");
printf("Inorder traversal is\n");
inorder(root);
printf("\n");
break;
case 5:
printf("Enter the item to be searched:\n");
scanf("%d",&item);
cur=search(item,root);
if(cur==NULL)
printf("Item not found\n");
else
printf("Item found\n");
break;
default:exit(0);
}
}
}
OUTPUT:
1.Insert 2.Preorder 3.Postorder 4.Inorder 5.Search
1
Enter the item to be inserted
6
1.Insert 2.Preorder 3.Postorder 4.Inorder 5.Search
1

66
Enter the item to be inserted
9
1.Insert 2.Preorder 3.Postorder 4.Inorder 5.Search
1
Enter the item to be inserted
5
1.Insert 2.Preorder 3.Postorder 4.Inorder 5.Search
1
Enter the item to be inserted
2
1.Insert 2.Preorder 3.Postorder 4.Inorder 5.Search
1
Enter the item to be inserted
8
1.Insert 2.Preorder 3.Postorder 4.Inorder 5.Search
1
Enter the item to be inserted
15
1.Insert 2.Preorder 3.Postorder 4.Inorder 5.Search
1
Enter the item to be inserted
24
1.Insert 2.Preorder 3.Postorder 4.Inorder 5.Search
1
Enter the item to be inserted
14

67
1.Insert 2.Preorder 3.Postorder 4.Inorder 5.Search
1
Enter the item to be inserted
7
1.Insert 2.Preorder 3.Postorder 4.Inorder 5.Search
1
Enter the item to be inserted
8
1.Insert 2.Preorder 3.Postorder 4.Inorder 5.Search
1
Enter the item to be inserted
5
1.Insert 2.Preorder 3.Postorder 4.Inorder 5.Search
1
Enter the item to be inserted
2
1.Insert 2.Preorder 3.Postorder 4.Inorder 5.Search
2
The given tree in tree form
Preorder traversal is
6
5
2
2
5
9

68
8
7
8
15
14
24

1.Insert 2.Preorder 3.Postorder 4.Inorder 5.Search

3
The given tree in tree form
Postorder traversal is
2
2
5
5
7
8
8
14
24
15
9
6

1.Insert 2.Preorder 3.Postorder 4.Inorder 5.Search

4

69
The given tree in tree form
Inorder traversal is
2
2
5
5
6
7
8
8
9
14
15
24

1.Insert 2.Preorder 3.Postorder 4.Inorder 5.Search

5
Enter the item to be searched:
3
Item not found
1.Insert 2.Preorder 3.Postorder 4.Inorder 5.Search
5
Enter the item to be searched:
24
Item found

70
11.Develop a program in C for the following operations on Binary search
Tree(BST) of integers.
a) Create a graph of n cities using Adjacency Matrix.
b) Print all the nodes reachable from a given starting node in a digrapg using
DFS/BFS method
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
int a[20][20],q[20],visited[20],reach[20],n,i,j,f = 0,r=-1;
int count = 0;
void bfs(int v)
{
for (i = 1; i <= n; i++)
if (a[v][i] && !visited[i])
q[++r] = i;
if (f<=r)
{
visited[q[f]] = 1;
bfs(q[f++]);
}
}
void dfs(int v)
{
int i;
reach[v] = 1;
for (i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
if (a[v][i] && !reach[i])
{
printf("\n%d->%d", v, i);
count++;
dfs(i);
}
}
}
int main()
{
int v, choice;

71
printf("\nEnter the number of vertices:\n");
scanf("%d", &n);
for (i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
q[i] = 0;
visited[i] = 0;
}
for (i = 1; i <= n - 1; i++)
reach[i] = 0;
printf("Enter graph data in matrix form:\n");
for (i = 1; i <= n; i++)
for (j = 1; j <= n; j++)
scanf("%d", &a[i][j]);
printf("\n1.BFS\t2.DFS\t3.Exit\n");
printf("Enter your choice:\n");
scanf("%d", &choice);
switch (choice)
{
case 1:
printf("\nEnter the starting vertex:\n");
scanf("%d", &v);
bfs(v);
if (v < 1 || v > n)
{
printf("\nBFS not possible\n");
}
else
{
printf("\nThe nodes which are reachable from %d:", v);
for (i = 1; i <= n; i++)
if (visited[i])
printf("%d\t", i);
}
break;
case 2:
printf("\nEnter the starting vertex:\n");
scanf("%d", &v);
dfs(v);

72
 if (count == n - 1)
printf("\nGraph is connected: ");
else
printf("\nGraph is not connected:");
break;
case 3:
exit(0);
default:
printf("\nInvalid choice\n");
}
return 0;
}

OUTPUT :
Enter the number of vertices:
4
Enter graph data in matrix form:
0110
0011
0001
0000
1. BFS 2.DFS 3.Exit
Enter your choice:
1
Enter the starting vertex:
1
The nodes which are reachable from 1: 2 3 4
Enter the number of vertices:
4
Enter graph data in matrix form:
0110
0011
0001
0000
1.BFS 2.DFS 3.Exit
Enter your choice:
1
Enter the starting vertex:

73
2
The nodes which are reachable from 2: 3 4
Enter the number of vertices:
4
Enter graph data in matrix form:
0110
0011
0001
0000
1.BFS 2.DFS 3.Exit
Enter your choice:
1
Enter the starting vertex:
3
The nodes which are reachable from 3: 4
Enter the number of vertices:
4
Enter graph data in matrix form:
0110
0011
0001
0000
1.BFS 2.DFS 3.Exit
Enter your choice:
2
Enter the starting vertex:
1
1->2
2->3
3->4
Graph is connected:
Enter the number of vertices:
4
Enter graph data in matrix form:
0110
0011
0001
0000

74
1.BFS 2.DFS 3.Exit
Enter your choice:
2
Enter the starting vertex:
4
Graph is not connected:

75
12. Given File of N employee records with a set K of keys(4 – digits) which
uniquely determine the records in file F. Assume that file F is maintained in
memory by a Hash Table( HT ) of m memory locations with L as the set of
memory addresses ( 2 - digit)of locations in HT. Let the keys in K and
addresses in L are integers. Develop a program in C that uses hash functions
H:K->L as H(K)=K mod m ( remainder method ) and implement hashing
technique to map a given key K to the addresses space L Resolve the collision
(if any) using linear probing.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define MAX 10
struct employee
{
int id;
char name[15];
};
typedef struct employee EMP;
EMP emp[MAX];
int a[MAX];
int create(int num)
{
int key;
key = num % 100;
return key;
}
int getemp(EMP emp[], int key)
{
printf("\nEnter emp id: ");
scanf("%d", &emp[key].id);
printf("\nEnter emp name: ");
getchar();
fgets(emp[key].name, sizeof(emp[key].name), stdin);
return key;
}
void display()
{
int i, ch;

76
 printf("\n1.Display ALL\n2.Filtered Display");
printf("\nEnter the choice: ");
scanf("%d", &ch);
if(ch == 1)
{
printf("\nThe hash table is:\n"); printf("\
nHTKey\tEmpID\tEmpName"); for(i = 0;
i < MAX; i++)
printf("\n\t%d\t\t%d\t\t%s", i, emp[i].id, emp[i].name);
} else
{
printf("\nThe hash table is:\n"); printf("\n\
tHTKey\t\tEmpID\t\tEmpName"); for(i = 0; i <
MAX; i++)
if(a[i] != -1)
{
printf("\n%d\t%d\t%s", i, emp[i].id, emp[i].name);
continue;
}
}
}
void linear_prob(int key, int num)
{
int flag, i, count = 0;
flag = 0;
if(a[key] == -1)
{
a[key] = getemp(emp, key);
}
else
{
a[key] = getemp(emp, key); printf("\
nCollision Detected...!!!\n"); i = 0;
while(i < MAX)
{
if(a[i] != -
1)
count++;

77
 else
i++;
printf("\nCollision avoided successfully using LINEAR PROBING\
n");
if(count == MAX)
{
printf("\n Hash table is full");
display(emp);
exit(1);
}
for(i = key; i < MAX; i++)
if(a[i] == -1)
{
a[i] = num;
flag = 1;
break;
}
i = 0;
while((i < key) && (flag == 0))
{
if(a[i] == -1)
{
a[i] = num;
flag = 1;
break;
}
i++;
}
}
}
}
int main()
{
int num, key, i;
int ans = 1;
printf("\nCollision handling by linear probing: ");
for(i = 0; i < MAX; i++)
{

78
 a[i] = -1;
}
do
{
printf("\nEnter the data: ");
scanf("%d", &num);
key = create(num);
linear_prob(key, num);
printf("\nDo you wish to continue? (1/0): ");
scanf("%d", &ans);
}
while(ans);
display(emp);
getchar();
return 0;
}

OUTPUT :

Collision handling by linear probing:

Enter the data: 1
Enter emp id: 287
Enter emp name: XXX
Do you wish to continue? (1/0): 1

Enter the data: 4

Enter emp id: 562
Enter emp name: YYY
Do you wish to continue? (1/0): 1

Enter the data: 6

Enter emp id: 683
Enter emp name: ZZZ
Do you wish to continue? (1/0): 0

1. Display ALL
2.Filtered Display
Enter the choice:
1
79
The hash table is:

HTKey EmpID EmpName

0 0
1 287 XXX

2 0
3 0
4 562 YYY

5 0
6 683 ZZZ

7 0
8 0
9 0

Enter the choice: 2

The hash table is:

HTKey EmpID EmpName

1 287 XXX

4 562 YYY

6 683 ZZZ

80