HALDIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Department of Electrical Engineering

BASIC ELECTRICAL QUESTIONS BANK

ES-EE 101 (Electrical Part)

MODULE - I / UNIT – I (ELECTROMAGNETISM)

1. State and explain Faraday’s law of electromagnetism.
2. Compare magnetic circuit with electrical circuit.
3. What do you mean by leakage flux?
4. What is the difference between statically induced emf and dynamically induced emf?
5. Define self and mutual inductance.
6. Draw and explain B-H curve with diagram. Define Reluctance.
7. Draw the B-H curve of a ferromagnetic material and explain.
8. What do you mean by co-efficient of coupling?
9. What is the eddy current and hysteresis losses? How we can minimize both of these losses?
MODULE - II / UNIT – II (AC FUNDAMENTAL)
1. Explain process of generation of Alternating EMF.
2. Derive the average value, rms value, form factor and peak factor of a half wave rectified
sinusoidal voltage.
3. Find the Average and the R.M.S value of the wave form shown.

4. What is peak factor of an alternating signal?

5. Draw the circuit diagram, waveform of voltage and current, phasor diagram of Purely
capacitive circuit, supplied by sinusoidal voltage.
6. What is phase and phase difference of sinusoidal waves? Explain with an example.
7. Show that for a purely resistive load Voltage and Current is in phase.
8. Prove that for a purely capacitive load current leads the voltage by 90°.

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 HALDIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Department of Electrical Engineering

9. Prove that for a purely inductive load current lags the voltage by 90°.
10. Explain relation between voltage and current in case of R-C series circuit with proper circuit
diagram and phasor diagram.
11. Explain relation between voltage and current in case of R-L series circuit with proper circuit
diagram and phasor diagram.

12. Define rms value and average value. Derive a mathematical expression for R.M.S. value
and average value of a sinusoidal voltage v = Vmsinωt.
13. Draw the circuit diagram, instantaneous waveform of voltage and current, phasor diagram
of R-L series circuit, supplied by sinusoidal voltage.
14. Draw the voltage triangle of R-L series circuit.
15. Derive the expression of impedance for R-L-C series circuit, supplied by sinusoidal voltage.
16. What is active, reactive and apparent power?
17. Write a short note on power triangle. What is power factor?
18. What is the power factor and power triangle?
19. Define Active power, Reactive power, Apparent power with proper units respectively.
20. Define the active, reactive, and apparent power using power triangle.
21. Explain why power loss in a pure inductance is equal to zero in an A.C. circuit.
22. Derive an expression of average value of a half-wave rectified voltage wave.
23. Derive the expression of an average power when a pure resistive load is connected with an
ac source.
24. A voltage is represented in rectangular form as Vx+ jVy. How it can be represented in polar
form? Explain with diagram.
25. Draw the circuit diagram, waveform of voltage and current, phasor diagram of (i) purely
resistive circuit. (ii) Purely inductive circuit. (iii) Purely capacitive circuit, supplied by
sinusoidal voltage.
26. The equation of an Alternating Current is 𝑖=62.35sin323t. Determine its (i) Maximum value
(ii) Frequency (iii) RMS Value (iv) Average Value (v) Form Factor.
27. If the form factor of a current waveform is 2 and the amplitude factor is 2.5. Find the
average value of the current if the maximum value of the current is 500A.
28. A coil having a resistance of 5 ohm and inductance of 30mH in series are connected across
a 230 V, 50 Hz supply. Calculate current, power factor, and power consumed.

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Department of Electrical Engineering

29. A resistor of 20 ohm an inductor of 0.2 H and a capacitor of 100 μF are connected in series
across a 220V, 50Hz supply. Determine i) impedance, ii) current, iii) power factor, iv) power
consumed.
30. The equation of an Alternating Current is 𝑖=62.35sin323𝑡 𝐴. Determine its
(i) Maximum value (ii) Frequency (iii) RMS Value (iv) Average Value (v) Form Factor
31. The equation of an alternating current is i =62.35 sin (323 t) A. Determine its:
(i) Maximum value (ii) Frequency (iii) R.M.S. value (iv) Average value and (v) Form factor
32. An ac has frequency 50Hz and rms current is 25A. Write equation of instantaneous current
and find (a) current at time 0.0025sec (b) time at which current is 14.14Amp.
36. The maximum values of an alternating voltage is 400V, in a circuit connected to 50Hz
supply and the quantity is sinusoidal. The instantaneous value of voltage is 283 V at t = 0 and
increasing positively. Write down the expression of voltage at time t.
37. A coil of resistance 10Ω and inductance 0.02H is connected in series across a 230V, 50Hz
supply. Calculate the Impedance of the circuit.
38. An ac series circuit consisting of a pure resistance 25Ω, inductance of 0.15H and
capacitance of 80µF is supplied from a 230V, 50 Hz, sinusoidal supply. Find: (i) Impedance of
the circuit (ii) The Current (iii) The power drawn by the circuit (iv)The Power Factor.
39. A coil of resistance 10 Ω & inductance 0.02H is connected in series with another coil of
resistance 6 Ω & inductance 15mH across a 230V, 50Hz supply. Calculate: (i) Impedance of
the circuit (ii) The voltage drop across each coil (iii) The total power consumed by the circuit.

MODULE - III / UNIT – III (TRANSFORMER)

1. What is transformer? Define an ideal transformer.
2. Define an ideal transformer.
3. Write a short note on Auto Transformer.
4. Explain the operating principle of Transformer.
5. Derive expressions for the emf induced in the transformer windings.
6. Derive the expression of EMF induced in a Transformer.
7. Derive the emf equation of a single-phase Transformer and prove that induced emf lags the
flux by 90°.
8. Why is a transformer rated in KVA?
9. What will happen if a transformer is operated in DC?
10. Why will a Transformer not operate under DC Supply

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Department of Electrical Engineering

11. Why is the core of a transformer laminated? Transformer core is made up of which material?
12. Explain with reasons as to why transformer core is made up of silicon steel lamination.
13. Draw a core type and shell type transformer, mention their different parts and make a
comparison between the two types of transformers.
14. Distinguish between core type and shell type transformer
15. Why is the low voltage winding placed near the core?
16 What are the ideal conditions of a transformer operation?
17. Draw and explain the no load phasor diagram of an ideal single-phase transformer.
18. Draw the exact equivalent circuit of a transformer and describe briefly the various
parameters involved in it.
19. Explain the principle of operation of a transformer under loaded condition
20. Draw the equivalent circuit of a single-phase transformer referred to primary side.
21. Draw the exact equivalent circuit of a single-phase transformer under lagging p.f load and
describe briefly the various parameters involved in it.
22. Draw the phasor diagram of a single-phase transformer under lagging p.f load and describe
briefly the various parameters involved in it.
23. Draw the phasor diagram of a Transformer with capacitive load and explain.
24. Draw and explain the phasor diagram of a single-phase transformer under lagging p.f.
25. Draw the phasor diagram of a Transformer with inductive load and explain.
26. Explain the energy losses in a transformer. How are they minimized?
27. Discuss about Hysteresis and Eddy Current loss in a single-phase transformer and process
to overcome these losses.
28. Derive the condition of maximum efficiency in a single-phase transformer.
29. Prove that efficiency of transformer is maximum when iron loss is equal to copper loss.
30. Define voltage regulation of a transformer.
31. Define voltage regulation of a transformer.
32. What is voltage regulation of a single-phase transformer?
33. Explain the open circuit test of single-phase transformer with proper diagram.
34. Explain why the open circuit test gives core loss and short circuit test gives copper loss.

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Department of Electrical Engineering

35 Explain why L.V. winding is short circuited and H.V. winding is excited for the short circuit
test of single-phase transformer.
36. What is the procedure of performing open circuit test on Transformer? And why is it
performed?
37. What is the procedure of performing short circuit test on Transformer? And why is it
performed?
38. A single-phase transformer with a 2-kVA rating has a 480-V primary and a 120-V
secondary. Determine the primary and secondary full-load currents of the transformer.
39. A single phase, 50Hz transformer has 30 primary turns and 350 secondary turns. The net
cross-sectional area of the core is 250cm2. The primary winding is connected to the 230V, 50Hz
supply. Calculate (a) the peak value of flux density in the core. (b) the primary current when
the secondary current is 100A.
40. The primary of a 50Hz, step down transformer has 480 turns and is fed from 6400V supply.
Find (a) the peak value of the flux produced in the core (b) the voltage across the secondary
winding if it has 20 turns.

41. A 5 kVA, 440/220V single phase transformer has a primary and secondary winding
resistances are 2 ohms and 0.8 ohms respectively and the corresponding leakage resistances
are 10 ohms and 1.5 ohms respectively. Find the secondary terminal voltage at full load, 0.8
power factor lagging.
42. A 200 kVA single-phase transformer has 1000 turns in the primary and 600 turns on the
secondary. The primary winding is supplied from a 440V,50Hz source. Find the i) secondary
voltage at no load and ii) primary and secondary currents at the full load.
43. Obtain the equivalent circuit parameters of a 8 kVA, 220/440 V, 50 Hz single phase
transformer having following test results are:
O.C. test: primary voltage = 220V I = 0.9A W = 90W
S.C. test: primary voltage = 20V I = 15A W= 100 W
44. The following readings are obtained for open circuit and short circuit tests on 8 KVA,
400/120V, 50Hz Transformer:
OC Test: 120V, 4A, 75W
SC Test: 9.5V, 20A, 110W
Calculate equivalent circuit parameters referred to high voltage side.
45. The following readings are obtained for open circuit and short circuit tests on 20 KVA,
2000/200V, 50Hz single phase Transformer:
OC Test: 200V, 1A, 120W
SC Test: 60V, 10A, 300W
a) Find efficiency at half load and 0.8 power factor lagging.

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 HALDIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Department of Electrical Engineering

b) Maximum efficiency and load at which it occurs

46. The open circuit test data of a 50kVA, 2400/120 volts, 50Hz, single phase transformer are:
O.C. test: primary voltage=120 volts, I=9.65 A, W=396W. Find equivalent circuit parameters.

MODULE - IV / UNIT – IV (ELECTRICAL MACHINE)

###### DC MACHINE ######
1. Explain the different parts of a DC machine with proper diagram.
2. Describe the key components of a DC motor, such as pole core, pole-shoe, commutator,
brushes, and field windings.
3. What is back emf of a DC motor. Derive the emf equation of a DC motor.
4. Draw the circuit diagram of a separately excited DC motor and write its voltage equation?
5. Why brushes in DC machine are made of graphite?
6. With proper diagram explain the role of commutator in DC machine.
7. What is the function of a commutator?
8. Why are carbon brushes commonly used in DC motors?
9. How the number of parallel path is dependent on armature winding of DC motor?
10. With proper diagrams explain different types of speed control techniques of a separately
excited DC motor.
11. How can the direction of the rotation of a DC shunt motor be reversed?
12. Derive the torque equation of a DC motor.
13. Derive necessary expression to draw the speed torque characteristics of separately excited
dc motor.
14. Draw the Torque-Speed curve of a separately excited DC motor and explain.
15. What are the key characteristics of a separately excited DC motor?
16. Explain how the speed of a separately excited DC motor can be controlled by flux control
method.
17. How many types of losses take place in a DC machine?
18. An 8-pole ,400V shunt motor has 960 wave connected armature conductors. The full load
armature current is 40A and flux per pole is 0.02 Wb. The armature resistance is 0.1ohm and
the contact drop is 1V per brush. Calculate the full load speed of the motor.
19. A separately excited DC motor has the following specifications:

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 HALDIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Department of Electrical Engineering

Armature resistance (Ra) = 0.2 ohms

Armature voltage (V) = 220 volts
Rated full-load current (Ia) = 20 A.
Find (a) Back EMF (Eb) at no-load.
(b) Back EMF (Eb) at full-load.
20. A 220V separately excited DC motor has an armature resistance of 0.4Ω. If the armature
current is 20A at a speed 1000 rpm Find (i) the induced emf (ii) Torque developed
21. A 4 pole DC armature wave winding has 294 armature conductors;
(a) What flux per pole is necessary to generate 230V when rotating at 1500rpm?
(b) What is the electromagnetic torque at this flux when the rated armature current of 120A is
flowing?
###### 3 PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR ######
1. Based on rotor structure how three phase induction motor is classified?
2. Explain the working principle of a 3-phase induction motor.
3. With proper circuit diagram and phasor diagrams explain how uniformly rotating magnetic
field is produced in three phase induction motor.
4. A 3-phase induction motor is supplied with 3-phase balanced supply. Explain how rotating
magnetic field is produced in the motor.
5. What is synchronous speed? An induction motor can never run at synchronous speed -
Explain?
6. Define slip of an induction motor. What is the value of slip at starting and at synchronous
speed?
7. Explain the concept of slip in a three-phase induction motor.
8. Derive how the rotor frequency in three phase Induction motor is dependent on slip.
9. What is the relationship between the rotor frequency and supply frequency?
10. How the direction of rotation of 3-phase induction motor can be reversed?
11. Derive the torque equation of a three phase Induction Motor.
12. Explain the Torque-speed curve of a three phase Induction Motor.
13. A three phase, 4 pole, 50 Hz, Induction motor has a slip of 3%. Calculate: (i) Synchronous
speed (ii) Rotor speed (iii) Frequency of rotor current.
14. An 8 pole, three phase induction motor is supplied from 50 Hz, a.c. supply. On full load,
the frequency of induced EMF in the rotor is 2 Hz. Find the full load slip and the corresponding
rotor speed.

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 HALDIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Department of Electrical Engineering

15. A 400 V, three phase,4 pole,50 Hz induction motor runs at 1440 rpm. Calculate i)
synchronous speed ii) Slip and iii) rotor induced emf frequency.
16. A three phase, 4-pole 50Hz induction motor runts at 1450rpm. Find (a) percentage slip of
the induction motor (b) synchronous speed of the motor.

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