Ahsanullah University of Science & Technology

Course No: EEE 4154

Course Title: Power System II Lab

Experiment No: 02

Experiment Name: Observation the phase shift in Δ-Y transformer in a 3-4

transmission line.

Date of Performance: 21 May 2023

Date of Submission: 28 May 2023

Submitted by:

Student ID: 190205088

Student ID: 190205089

Student ID: 190205090

Student ID: 190205093

Student ID: 190205096

Objective:
The objective of this experiment is to observe and determine the phase shift between the
primary and secondary voltages in a Δ-Y transformer configuration. The phase shift will be
quantified by analyzing the connection of the transformer windings and identifying the vector
group. The significance of this phase shift in calculating fault currents and facilitating parallel
operation in power systems will be explored. Insights into the behavior of the transformer and
its role in managing phase imbalances and zero sequence currents in a three-phase power
transmission line will be gained through this experiment.

Circuit Diagram:

Figure: Δ-Y Connection (Mode - 1)

 Figure: Vector Diagram (Mode - 1)

Figure: Vector Diagram (Mode - 2)

We conducted a polarity test on three transformers and found that all of them exhibited the
same polarity(Straight polarity).
Output:

The phase shift we got is 36degre between the primary and secondary voltages(L-L).

Report:
Q1.Why Delta (Δ) connection is required in generating side and Wye (Y)
connection is required in transmission side in a transmission line?
Answer:
In the generation side, a step-up transformer is used. The primary side of the step-up
transformer is delta-connected. The reason for this is that there is no third harmonic voltage
due to the closed delta configuration. We know that the phase current is 1/√3 times the line
current, which allows for a smaller cross-section of the windings, making the connection more
economical.

On the other hand, in the transmission side, a Y connection is required as the line voltage is
√3 times the phase voltage. As a result, the line current is lower, reducing line losses (i2R
losses). Additionally, the phase voltage Vp is 1/√3 times the line voltage, which leads to
reduced insulation costs due to a smaller cross-sectional area. The primary side of the step-
down transformer and the secondary side of the step-up transformer are both connected in a Y
configuration since a three-phase four-wire system is not suitable for a three-wire (no
grounding) system. This prevents circulating currents from flowing.

Q2.Explain the necessity of using the Wye-Delta transformer in power

system?
Answer:
The Wye-Delta transformer configuration, also known as the star-delta transformer, is
commonly used in power systems for several reasons:

Voltage Transformation: The Wye-Delta transformer allows for voltage transformation

between different voltage levels. In power systems, it is often necessary to step up or step
down the voltage for efficient transmission and distribution of electricity. The Wye connection
on the high-voltage side (primary) and the Delta connection on the low-voltage side
(secondary) enable this voltage transformation.

Neutral Point and Grounding: The Wye configuration provides a neutral point, which is
essential for grounding purposes. In power systems, it is crucial to establish a reference point
for voltage and ground potential. The neutral point allows for the connection of grounding
systems and provides a stable reference for measuring and controlling electrical parameters.

Unbalanced Loads: Power systems experience both balanced and unbalanced loads.
Unbalanced loads occur when the power demand is not evenly distributed among the phases.
The Wye-Delta transformer can handle unbalanced loads effectively. The Wye connection on
the primary side allows for the distribution of unbalanced currents, while the Delta connection
on the secondary side helps balance the load by equalizing the currents.

Fault Handling: In the event of a fault, such as a short circuit, the Wye-Delta transformer can
handle the fault currents efficiently. The Delta connection on the secondary side can withstand
higher fault currents compared to the Wye connection. This enhances the fault tolerance and
protects the transformer and the power system from damage.

Economical Design: The Wye-Delta transformer offers a cost-effective design solution. By using
a combination of Wye and Delta connections, the transformer windings can be optimized in
terms of size, cross-sectional area, and insulation requirements. This helps in reducing material
and manufacturing costs while maintaining the desired voltage transformation and operational
performance.
In summary, the Wye-Delta transformer is necessary in power systems for voltage
transformation, grounding, handling unbalanced loads, fault tolerance, and cost-effective
design. It provides a versatile and efficient solution for various electrical applications.

Q3.Draw the connection and vector diagram for the group Dy5.
Answer:

Here, for Dy5 the clock will be 150°. That means, HT side will lead LT side by 150°. The HT side
will be delta and LT side will be star connected.

Vector Diagram:

Now,

Vab = Va – Vb

So, from the vector diagram, we can write the following relation,

VAB = -VA

VBC = -VB

VCA = -VC
Circuit Diagram:

Discussion:
The experiment focused on observing and quantifying the phase shift between the primary and
secondary voltages in a Δ-Y transformer configuration. By analyzing the transformer's winding
connection and identifying the vector group, the relationship between the primary and
secondary windings was understood. This phase shift holds significant importance in calculating
fault currents and facilitating parallel operation in power systems. Accurate fault current
calculations are vital for implementing appropriate protective measures. Synchronizing the
phase angles of transformers is crucial to prevent phase imbalances and ensure efficient power
sharing in parallel operation. The experiment shed light on how the Δ-Y transformer
configuration manages phase imbalances and zero sequence currents. The observed phase shift
and vector group identification serve as critical parameters for power system analysis and
design, enabling engineers to make informed decisions for reliable and stable electrical
systems.