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Agriculture Class 10 Notes: CBSE Geography Chapter 4

Revision Notes Class 10 Social Science: Geography Chapter 4 Agriculture

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CBSE Geography Chapter 4 Class 10 Agriculture Notes: FREE PDF Download

Class 10 Geography Chapter 4 Agriculture which is aligned to the latest Class 10

Geography Syllabus engages two-thirds of India’s population and is the primary
activity which produces raw materials for a wide range of industries. In the
Agriculture notes, you will study the different types of farming methods, major
crops grown in India, different cropping patterns and the contribution of
agriculture to the nation’s economy, employment and output.

Table of Content

1. CBSE Geography Chapter 4 Class 10 Agriculture Notes: FREE PDF Download

2. Access Class 10 Social Science Chapter 4: Agriculture Notes

2.1 Types of Farming

2.2 Cropping Patterns

2.3 Major Crops

2.4 Food Crops other than Grains

2.5 Non-food Crops

2.6 Technological and Institutional Reforms

2.7 Contribution of Agriculture to the National Economy, Employment and Output

2.8 Food Security

2.9 Impact of Globalization on Agriculture

Chapter 4 Geography class 10 notes will give an insight into the agricultural
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Access Class 10 Social Science Chapter 4: Agriculture Notes

Agriculture, an age-old economic activity. About two-thirds of our population is

engaged in agriculture. Agriculture not only produces grains but also raw
materials for many industries.

Types of Farming
Farming varies from subsistence to commercial type.

At present the following farming systems are practiced:

1. Primitive Subsistence Farming

It is also called slash and burn agriculture.

This type of farming is majorly practiced on small patches, using primitive

tools like hoe, dao and digging sticks. Family and community labor are
involved in this type of farming.

Nature plays a significant role in this type of farming. The production

depends upon fertility, monsoon and suitability of other environmental
conditions.

First, a patch of land is cleared and then food crops are grown on it. After
the soil fertility decreases, they shift to another patch which allows the
previous patch to replenish the nutrients and new fertile land for
plantation.

No modern equipment or advanced farming techniques are used in this

type of farming.

2. Intensive Subsistence Farming

Usually practiced in areas where there is high pressure of production on land.

Various biochemical inputs and modern irrigation techniques are used to aid
production.

3. Commercial Farming
 High doses of high yielding variety (HYV) seeds, fertilizers, insecticides and

pesticides are used.

Rice is a commercial crop in Haryana.

Another type of commercial farming is plantation in which a single crop is

grown over a large area.

In India, tea, coffee, rubber, sugarcane, banana, etc.. are important

plantation crops. Tea in Assam and North Bengal coffee in Karnataka are
some of the important plantation crops grown in these states.

Cropping Patterns

Three cropping seasons:

1. Rabi

Rabi crops are sown in winter from October to December and harvested in
summer from April to June.

Wheat, barley, peas, gram, and mustard are major rabi crops.

states from the north and northwestern parts such as Punjab, Haryana,
Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh
grow most quantities of wheat and other rabi crops.

2. Kharif

Kharif crops are grown with the onset of monsoon and are harvested in
September-October.

Important crops grown during this season are paddy, maize, jowar, bajra,
tur (arhar), moong, urad, cotton, jute, groundnut and soyabean.

Some of the most important rice-growing regions are Assam, West Bengal,
coastal regions of Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Kerala
and Maharashtra, particularly the (Konkan coast) along with Uttar Pradesh
and Bihar.

3. Zaid
 A short season during the summer months, in between the rabi and the
Kharif seasons is known as the Zaid season.

Watermelon, muskmelon, cucumber, vegetables and fodder crops are

some of the major zaid crops.

Major Crops
1. Rice

India is the second-largest producer of rice in the world after China.

It is a Kharif crop and requires elevated temperature, (above 25°C) and

high humidity with annual rainfall above 100 cm.

Major rice production is found in the plains of north and north-eastern

India, coastal areas, and the deltaic regions.

2. Wheat

It requires 50 to 75 cm of annual rainfall.

There are two important wheat-growing zones in the country – the

Ganga-Satluj plains in the northwest and the black soil region of the
Deccan.

The major wheat-producing states are Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh,

Bihar, Rajasthan, and parts of Madhya Pradesh

3. Millets

Jowar, bajra and ragi are the important millets grown in India.

Jowar is a rain-fed crop cultivated in Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra

Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh

Bajra grows well on sandy soils and shallow black soil.

Major Bajra producing States were: Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra,

Gujarat and Haryana.

Ragi grows well on dry red, black, sandy, loamy and shallow black soils.
 Major ragi producing states are: Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Himachal
Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Jharkhand and Arunachal Pradesh.

4. Maize

It is a Kharif crop and requires a temperature between 21°C to 27°C.

Grows well in old alluvial soil.

Major maize-producing states are Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Andhra

Pradesh, Telangana and Madhya Pradesh.

5. Pulses

Major pulses cultivated are tur (arhar), urad, moong, masur, and peas.

They help in restoring soil fertility as there are leguminous crops and
nitrogen fixation. These crops are grown in rotation with cereal crops.

Major pulse producing states in India are Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh,
Rajasthan, Maharashtra and Karnataka.

Food Crops other than Grains

1. Sugarcane

It is a tropical as well as a subtropical crop.

It grows well in a hot and humid climate and 21°C to 27°C as temperature

Rainfall between 75cm and 100cm is required for its proper cultivation.

India is the second-largest producer of sugarcane, after Brazil.

Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh,

Telangana, Bihar, Punjab and Haryana are major producers of sugarcane.

2. Oil Seeds

In 2008 India was the second largest producer of groundnut in the world
after China.

12 percent of the total cropped area of the country is used for the
 cultivation of various oil crops.

Main oil-seeds produced in India are groundnut, mustard, coconut,

sesamum (til), soyabean, castor seeds, cotton seeds, linseed, and
sunflower.

Groundnut is a kharif crop.

Gujarat was the largest producer of groundnut followed by Andhra

Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.

Linseed and mustard are rabi crops.

Sesamum is a Kharif crop in the north and a rabi crop in south India.

Castor seed is grown both as rabi and kharif crops.

3. Tea

Tea is a labour-intensive industry.

Assam, hills of Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri districts, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu
and Kerala are major tea producing states in India. Apart from these,
Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Meghalaya, Andhra Pradesh and Tripura
are also tea-producing states in the country.

India was the third-largest producer of tea after China and Turkey in 2008.

4. Coffee

In 2008 India produced 3.2 per cent of the world coffee production.

It is cultivated in the Nilgiris in Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu.

5. Horticulture Crops

In 2008 India was the second largest producer of fruits and vegetables in
the world after China.

Mangoes of Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh and

West Bengal, oranges of Nagpur and Cherrapunjee (Meghalaya), bananas
of Kerala, Mizoram, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu, lichi and guava of Uttar
Pradesh and Bihar, pineapples of Meghalaya, grapes of Andhra Pradesh,
 Telangana and Maharashtra, apples, pears, apricots and walnuts of
Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh are in great demand the
world over.

India produces 13 per cent of the world’s vegetables.

Non-food Crops

1. Rubber

It grows in a moist and humid climate with rainfall of more than 200 cm
and temperature above 25°C.

It is grown in Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Andaman and Nicobar

Islands and Garo hills of Meghalaya

India ranked fourth among the world’s natural rubber producers.

2. Fiber Crop

l. Silk

It is obtained from cocoons of the silkworms that feeds on mulberry

leaves.

The rearing of silkworms to produce silk fibre is known as sericulture.

II. Cotton

India was the second-largest producer of cotton after China in 2008

It grows well in drier parts of the black cotton soil of the Deccan
plateau.

It requires elevated temperature, light rainfall, and irrigation, 210

frost-free days and bright sunshine.

It is a Kharif crop and requires 6 to 8 months to mature.

Major states are– Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka,

Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar
Pradesh.
 III. Jute

It is known as golden fibre.

Elevated temperature is required for its growth.

West Bengal, Bihar, Assam, Odisha and Meghalaya are the major jute
producing states.

Technological and Institutional Reforms

1. The main focus of the First Five Year Plan by the government was ‘land
reform’.

2. The Government of India introduced agricultural reforms in the 1960s and

1970s to improve agriculture.

3. The Green Revolution and the White Revolution (Operation Flood) were
some of the strategies adopted to improve Indian agriculture.

4. In the 1980s and 1990s, a comprehensive land development programme

was initiated, which included both institutional and technical reforms.

5. Important steps like provision for crop insurance against drought, flood,
cyclone, fire and disease, the establishment of Grameen banks,
cooperative societies and banks for providing loan facilities to the farmers
at lower rates of interest.

6. Kissan Credit Card (KCC), Personal Accident Insurance Scheme (PAIS) are
some other schemes introduced by the Government of India for the
benefit of the farmers

7. The government also announces minimum support price, remunerative

and procurement prices for important crops which helps to increase
farmer’s profit and promotes them to grow more crops.

Contribution of Agriculture to the National Economy, Employment and

Output

In 2010-11 about 52 per cent of the total workforce in India was employed
under the farming sector.

More than half of the Indian population is dependent on agriculture for

their sustenance
 The establishment of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR),
agricultural universities, veterinary services and animal breeding centres,
horticulture development, research, and development in the field of
meteorology and weather forecast, etc. were given priority for improving
Indian agriculture.

Food Security

If any segment of our population does not have this access, that segment
suffers from lack of food security.

The remote areas of the country are more prone to natural disasters and
uncertain food supply.

The government has resorted to two components (a) buffer stock and (b)
public distribution system (PDS), to ensure food availability to all.

PDS provides food grains and other necessities at subsidized prices to the
poor.

Food Corporation of India (FCI) is responsible for procuring and stocking

food grains, while distribution is ensured by public distribution system
(PDS).

The FCI procures food grains from the farmers at the government
announced minimum support price (MSP) and then is given to the poor at
subsidized prices.

Impact of Globalization on Agriculture

After 1990, under globalization, the farmers in India have faced new
challenges in the international market.

Despite being an important producer of rice, cotton, rubber, tea, coffee,

jute and spices Indian agricultural products are not able to compete with
the developed countries because of the highly subsidized agriculture in
those countries.

Genetic engineering is recognized as a powerful supplement in inventing

new hybrid varieties of seeds that can increase production and make
farming more profitable.
 In fact, organic farming is much in vogue today because it is practiced
without factory-made chemicals such as fertilizers and pesticides and
promotes organic farming.

5 Important Topics of Chapter 4 Agriculture in Class 10 Geography

S. No Topic

1 Types of Farming

2 Crops and Their Distribution

3 Agricultural Practices

4 Challenges in Agriculture

5 Green Revolution

Importance of Revision Notes for Class 10 Geography Chapter 4

Consolidation of Information: Revision notes help in summarising key

concepts, making it easier to recall essential information. They condense
large volumes of study material into manageable chunks.

Enhanced Understanding: By reviewing and summarising topics, students

can deepen their understanding of complex subjects, making it easier to
grasp and remember details.

Time Efficiency: Revision notes streamline study sessions, allowing

students to focus on important points and avoid spending excessive time
on less relevant material.

Quick Review: They provide a quick reference before exams, helping

students to refresh their memory and reinforce their learning without
having to go through entire textbooks.

Improved Retention: Regular review of revision notes helps in reinforcing

memory and improves long-term retention of information.

Tips for Learning the Class 10 Geography Chapter 4 Agriculture

Divide the chapter into smaller sections such as types of farming, crop
distribution, and agricultural practices. This will help in understanding the
topics easily.
 Form and write summaries for each topic of the chapter. Highlight major
topics like the farming types, agriculture challenges, and the impact of the
Green Revolution.

Compare theoretical concepts with real-world examples of farming

practices and agricultural issues. Understanding how these concepts
apply in various regions can make the material more relevant and
engaging.

Engage in discussions with classmates about the chapter.

Periodically review your notes and summaries to memorise the topics and
to practise.

Conclusion
The study of agriculture in Class 10 CBSE Geography provides students with a
comprehensive understanding of agricultural practices and their significance in
our society. This chapter delves into the various aspects of agriculture, including
types of farming, cropping patterns, agricultural resources, and challenges
faced by farmers.

Apart from revision notes also refer to NCERT Solutions that aid students in
grasping the concepts, answering questions, and preparing for examinations.
These solutions offer explanations, examples, and case studies that enhance
comprehension and analytical skills. In the study of agriculture in Class 10 CBSE
Geography plays a crucial role in developing students' knowledge and
understanding of the agricultural sector.

Related Study Materials for Class 10 Geography Chapter 4

Agriculture
S. No Related Study Materials for Geography Chapter 4

1 Class 10 Agriculture NCERT Solutions

2. Class 10 Agriculture Important Questions

Revision Notes Links for Class 10 Geography

Social Science Class 10 Geography other Chapter-wise
S. No
Links

1 Chapter 1 - Resources and Development Notes

2 Chapter 2 - Forest and Wildlife Resources Notes

 3 Chapter 3 - Water Resources Notes

4 Chapter 5 - Minerals and Energy Resources Notes

5 Chapter 6 - Manufacturing Industries Notes

6 Chapter 7 - Lifelines of National Economy Notes

Important Study Materials for Class 10 Social Science Geography

Important Links for Class 10 Social Science -
S. No
Geography

1. Class 10 Geography NCERT Books

2. Class 10 Geography Important Questions

3. Class 10 Social Science Previous Years Question Papers

4. Class 10 Social Science Sample Papers

FAQs on Agriculture Class 10 Notes: CBSE Geography Chapter 4

1. What is Slash and Burn Agriculture?

Slash and burn is a primitive kind of agricultural technique where the land is cleared for growing
crops by cutting down the forest. After the soil loses productivity the land is abandoned and the
crop remains burnt. People move to a fresh patch of land and repeat the process. To know more
about different types of agricultural techniques download the agriculture class 10 notes.

2. What is the Importance of Agriculture Class 10?

3. How should I prepare for Geography Class 10 Chapter 4?

4. What are the major types of farming?

5. How has agriculture contributed to the national economy?

6. Is Class 10 Geography Chapter 4 easy and scoring?

7. How does Globalization have an impact on agriculture?

8. Where can I find Class 10 Geography Chapter 4 notes?

9. Is there a Class 10 agriculture notes PDF available for download?

10. What should I look for in Geography Class 10 Chapter 4 notes?

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