Navigating the Technological Terrain: Exploring Perspectives and Obstacle in Integrating Technology into Teaching

Manilyn A. Fernandez
College of Teacher Education
Western Mindanao State University
[email protected]

FINAL TRANSCRIBED DATA DISADVANTAGE

RESEARCH QUESTIONS INTERVIEW QUESTIONS DATA
ADVANTAGE distraction
1. What are the opinions of 1. How do you Participant 1
Interactive future educators regarding the personally feel about I personally have a positive view of technology integration in my educational practices. This unreliable
incorporation of technology the integration of viewpoint is anchored to several reasons. First, technology integration could help us in terms of
Access to within educational practices? technology in achieving digital literacy, hence contributing to the improvement of technological competence for overreliance
diff educational practices? both students and the teachers themselves. And second, its integration serves as a driver of progress
materials Do you find it to be a and innovation, which means that by integrating it in my educational practices, I will not deprive
positive or negative my students the privilege to improve not just in personal aspects, but also as a good citizen of their
Convenient development? country. However, my positive perception towards it does not directly equate to my overall ideal
and easy to acceptance of its integration in education practices, as there are still various factors, internal and
BARRIERS
use Positive external, needed to be taken into consideration.
perception Availability
Improvement Participant 2 and
of Digital For me, personally, it’s a good step in the advancement and development of teaching and learning, accessiblity
skills and especially in higher education.
technological
competence Digital
Participant 3 divide
To be honest, I feel excited about the integration of technology in educational practices. It is simply
Fosters
because it can make the class more interactive and interesting. Based on my own experience when
personalize
d learning
I was a student, I get excited whenever my teacher uses educational technologies, interactive tools
like Mentimeter, Kahoot, and many more. The reason why I really like to join a class using… when
a teacher is using technologies. But, we all know that there are two sides of the coin. That can be
true to the integration of technology as it can have both positive and negative aspects. Basically, it
can enhance learning among students, and strengthen participation and interaction if used correctly.
It can also be a way for learners to access various resources for their learnings. It can also help
them learn the skills of the 21st century. On the other hand, it can have negative effects like it cannot
guarantee the students to stay focused inside the class. These can also provide students wrong
information, especially in the internet, like the use of AI generated answers, we cannot rely on
them. It can make students lazy by just relying on to these technologies to do a job for them. And,
aside from that Slow Internet connection can also be a factor and availability of resources is also a
drawback in this situation.

Participant 4 (Gonzales)
Personally, I really find technology helpful especially in the educational practices since it can
enhance interaction in class which makes the learners active in class. Moreover, I find it to be a
positive development since it is not your ordinary way of teaching such as using blackboards, or
using the chalk, using the manila paper while discussing a topic in class, rather it incorporates
interactive videos or PowerPoint Presentations.

*When probed*

PQ1: Can you cite specific examples or more examples on how technology can make the class
more interactive?

Based on what I have observed, the students that we have handled, which is the grade 9 class,
I observed there when we utilized technology such as incorporating interacting—
incorporating videos there for Romeo and Juliet, they are somehow hooked with the lesson.

Participant 5
I really don’t have any issues regarding the integration of technology in the educational practices.
I am actually in favor of any technology-related tool to be used in education. Yet, I won’t be turning
a blind eye on the facts that integration of technology has positive and negative development
depending on how to utilize it. So, with all the necessary familiarity with technology which is very
essential in today’s digital world. There is no doubt that integrating technology in education can be
highly beneficial when used thoughtfully and in conjunction with effective teaching methods. But
balancing those aspects while addressing the challenges of utilizing it is crucial especially if we
want technology to be a valuable tool in the educational environment.
 Participant 6
Actually, I feel good and yes, I find it be a positive development, if we are just going to be
responsible in using technology in educational practice. For example, it can enhance learning
opportunities where in technology allows for personalized and interactive learning experience, and
yes, students can access a wealth of information and, of course, engage with multimedia content.
And of course, in terms of the efficiency and productivity, digital tools streamline administrative
tasks in grading and communication and support students and of course, us, as a future teacher.

*When probed*

PQ1: Can you cite a specific example on how technology can allow personalized and
interactive learning experiences?

For example, teachers can focus more on instruction and students support and, for example,
students can access information using technology and access in different applications and
integrating the teaching and learning process.

Participant 7
I think technology offers a lot of positive development for educational practices because it allows
for a wide array of tools that can be used in teaching or… yeah in teaching and for learning as well,
and with this I believe that we can better grasp many topics that are not easily available for us
before but due to the rise of technology, we are better suited to handle such tasks.

Can you cite specific example of technological tools that we can use in the educational setting?

Personally, in our major in mathematics, we use SPSS a lot and Geogebra and I think these are
products of technology that enabled us to better grasp our topics and to relay more of the ideas that
we are being discussed to a more visually and more clearly.

2. Can you share any Participant 1

personal experiences Despite having the knowledge that technology integration is no longer a matter of being optional,
or observations that but a necessity, hence contributing my positive perception towards it, there are times when I will
have influenced your rather not integrate it. One of my primary reasons is my avoidance of comprising. For instance, I
opinions about using will rather choose to teach concepts using a traditional approach, especially when factors like time
technology in and accessibility are crucial considerations. The reason being, if I have to worry about those factors,
educational settings? I am putting at risk the quality of my teaching, which will certainly affect the learning of my
students.

Participant 2
So, as I have said, the technology is really a pivotal development or pivotal discovery in the
teaching and learning in the higher education, that is because as, I have observed or as I have
experienced myself, technology really can help in the teaching and learning from both sides of the
spectrum for the students and the teachers alike. For example, when I was doing demos, we
incorporate—most of us—most of our classmates incorporated technology using projectors,
laptops in doing presentations that we divert from the traditional way of teaching and learning that
is the use of tarpaper and the use of manila paper and whatnots and I have observed that really the
use of these technologies can enhance the teaching and learning in the reason that the students that
we are teaching can really engage because they are really engaged of the use of technology, the use
of different aesthetics, and the use of the new norms.

Participant 3
One experience I can share is when our TTL professor used the Mentimeter for us to share our
thoughts, our opinions, our answers. It is good to utilize interactive tools like that simply because
it allows learners to participate, especially those who are too shy to participate like me. He also
used like Plickers, another way of making the class interactive where each student is given a
barcode that is printed on a piece of paper, and then they are just going to raise it to answer a
particular question. So, again, as a teacher, we need to be prepared all the time. Because, there were
instances where the teacher only prepared a PowerPoint presentation, but then a blackout occurred,
and there was no HDMI available, or the projector is not working really well so the class got halted.

Participant 4
In my personal experience, technological tools boost my interaction or interest in class. Moreover,
in terms of my actual teaching in class, I observed that students admire watching videos that help
them become attentive in class, hence, through this, I can say or I am actually integrating or willing
to integrate technology whenever I have practice teaching.
Participant 5
Well, as a student, I am actually not fond of collaborative activities. I am much more confident to
work alone than to have it done by group during class. So, there is this—I have this incident where
we need to answer a quiz and the faster you were able to provide the correct answer the higher your
rank will be, I think it was Quizzis or Kahoot, I don’t remember what it is. That really gives us the
adrenaline rush to provide our correct answer even though we are working alone at that time. I can
still feel the fun and excitement especially when I know most of the correct answers on the items,
and also, I had fun looking at the faces of my classmates after taking that test.

*When probed*

PQ1: How about during your demo teachings or peer teachings, were you able to
experience using technology for it as well?

Regarding that, I actually wasn’t able to experience utilizing technology in my peer-

teaching and demo-teaching during those times.

PQ2: What was the reason why you did not use technology?

Number one reason is the lack of resources on my part.

PQ3: Can you elaborate more on that?

Lack of resources such as I don’t have any laptop at that time, and also I have struggled as
well with the projector—assembling the projector since I am not familiar with it.

Participant 6
Based on my observations, highlighting digital divide, the gap between those with access to
technology and those without. In some educational settings we notice students have a robust access
to device, high speed internet and digital resources, in contrast, others lack this privileged. So,
bridging this divide is crucial to equitable education.
 Participant 7
As what I’ve mentioned before, in our major we make use of technology a lot, specifically SPPS
and Geogebra, and personally, when using these tools or these technological advancements, we
have… our experiences on the topics regarding these tools became much easier for us to execute
because of how easily we can use these technological tools to better process or to better present the
data that we are given and the topics or, for example, equations or graphs that we need in our
lessons, and because of these tools and these software, it’s much easier for us to do these.

*When probed*
PQ1: How about during your demo-teachings, peer-teachings or reporting, have you ever
used technological tools during those times?

I have, now it’s very obvious that we teachers make use of PowerPoints all of the time, even
as students, and projectors, our phones mainly, laptops, and these are things or technologies
that we use extensively to not only produce a higher quality in terms of our PowerPoint
presentations and/or reports, but this also allows us to integrate other tools and other ways
to teach our lessons and learn the topics.

3. In your view, what Participant 1

potential advantages Potential advantages in terms of teaching include the development of digital literacy and
can arise from technological competence. Another is exposure to various benefits which could possibly only be
incorporating offered via the online platform, for example webinars and some free online courses. These can
technology into contribute to both personal and professional growth of teachers. In terms of learning on the other
teaching and learning? hand, technology integration plays big part in terms of personalized learning experience of learners
as they get to hold accountability of their own learning process.

Participant 2
So, I think there are a lot of advantageous factors that we consider by incorporating technology
other than from diverting from the traditional way of teaching and learning, we can also use
technology in a lot of ways, for example, especially in the covid-19 we heavily relied on the use of
technology and Ais; the use of google classroom, the online learning, the learning that is not
physically done. The teachers are doing their teaching away from the physical classrooms and still
teaching and learning is done. Now, other than that, there are still a lot that we can consider from
this that I can’t think of at the moment.

Participant 3
There are a lot of potential advantages that can arise from this, from incorporating technology into
the teaching and learning process. Number one, it can make the class interactive. Number two, it
can arouse students’ interest. Number 3, it can provide students with easy access the learning
materials like for example through the soft copy and more. It can also allow them to participate in
the class.

Participant 4
Just like what I have mentioned earlier, one of the potential advantages of technology in teaching
is that it can increase the engagement of learners in class, simply because in their generation, since
they are Gen Z, they are much accustomed with the usage of these platform.

Participant 5
Since majority of the teachers are relying on getting information on the lesson or topics to any
reliable websites with the use of technology, it is highly beneficial in terms of access to information.
Also, with the use of technology, I guess teachers can use—can be able to use online platforms and
tools that enables—that will enable learning experiences which makes the discussion more
engaging.

Participant 6
This is my answer based on that. Educators learn alongside with their students and life-long
learning becomes a norm, so technology when thoughtfully integrated amplifies learning
experience, fosters creativity and, of course, it prepares students for a dynamic future.

*When probed*

PQ1: Can you give a specific example on how technology can amplify learning experiences?

For example, if we are going to compare traditional and modern way. Modern way of
teaching it is… yes, it is more on technology integration and through that there’s a lot of
 information and we can instill that on students and, of course we can align it alongside with
their experiences inside the classroom with the access on technology.

Participant 7
I think one of the most potential advantages that can arise from technology is the… how we are
able to go deeper into what was once before… what was once considered impossible. For example,
we can much easily execute topics and/or teachings because before traditionally we use
handwritten… what’s this… hand written visual IMs, instructional materials, and that can take a
lot of time and resource. Now, with just once click of a button or a simple scroll through google
we are able to find the resources that we need in our teaching and/or for learning. And so, I think
technology gives us much better ease of use and we can really save a lot of time and resources not
only for the teachers but also for the students.

4. On the other hand, do Participant 1

you see any potential The following are the drawbacks which I believed could be associated with the use of technology:
drawbacks or concerns First and primary concern is distractions. Whether we admit it or not, not every digital native is
associated with the digitally literate. This is to say that there are instances when students will use their devises to access
increased use of non-educational contents while the class is going on. Another concern is overreliance to
technology in technology, particularly in internet. With things being accessible with just one click, it somehow
classrooms? comprises the development of students. If everything is already provided, and they just have to
search it, then both their critical and creative thinking skills are being compromised. Lastly is
inequality or digital divide, if students don’t own the same devices, then it is quite obvious that
those with high end technological devices will have a better access or an edge, as compared to
those who don’t own such devices.

Participant 2
I think that although it’s advantageous, there are still drawbacks or negative things that we can
observe in the heavy used of technology in the classroom. One is the heavy used of it. For example,
the limitation or the lessen physical contact with other people since we are in a contemporary world
where people heavily rely on technology, for example in online learning, we have observed from
our students in the ILS, for example, after the pandemic and the incorporation or use of technology,
we have observed as well as our teachers observed that students have lessened their physical
contact or socialization with other people for example they have used media slangs more often. As
I have said, after the incorporation of technology, students now have anxiety in talking with other
people. However, it’s not really a drawback because they have increased their skills in terms of
technology however their social skills have lessened.

Participant 3
Yes, many. Slow internet connection and the availability of resources can be one of the problems.
If teachers will rely on these things despite the lack of resources, the teaching and learning process
would be affected. There can also be a potential loss of traditional skills. For example, students
might not really enhance their writing skills, specially, their penmanship if they are into typing.
These can also pose serious health risks. For example, in front of their computer or smartphones
for too long, it could also affect their eyesight. Distractions cannot be avoided when we are using
technology, especially when students are not really guided in using this technology. For example,
if you allow them to use the internet, some might use Facebook, twitter and all. They might access
or go to social media that is not related to the lesson. So, those are the possible or potential
drawbacks or concerns using technology.

Participant 4
The drawbacks or concerns with the use of technology in the classroom is that it can cause
disruption of class especially when power runs out, so that is a factor that can have a negative
impact in class since power interruption especially here in Zamboanga City is really often or
occurring frequently. Moreover, availability or accessibility of the tools as well is a common
problem when it comes to incorporating digital tools or technology in the classroom.

*When probed*

PQ1: Have you ever encountered having problem with the availability of resources while
you were doing your demo-teachings or peer teachings?

Actually, yes, especially when we are asking for a, example we need a projector, sometimes
projector is not available. Another thing is that when you utilize technology, we also need
speakers, sometimes we don’t have that. It causes disruption and the smooth flow of the
lesson in class is not attainable.
Participant 5
Of course, there are potential drawbacks or concerns associated with the increase use of technology
in classrooms, they might abuse their permission to use technology such as smartphones which in
turn be the cause of their distractions since they might be able to access non-educational content
instead during class time.

*When probed*

PQ1: Have you experience this drawback during the practice teaching that you are doing now?

I would say no, I haven’t experienced this drawback since our group… since we decided to
use traditional instructional materials in teaching.

Participant 6
Yes, of course, for example the smartphones and other devices can be a major distraction for
students during class. So, finding a balance between educational use and personal distraction is an
on-going challenge, of course I experienced it. To help this distraction—to minimize, it is important
to establish clear guidelines and, of course, promote digital mindfulness. So, technology-mediated
education may also have negative impact on a face-to-face interaction because they tend to focus
on social media if we are not going to be responsible and mindful on using technology inside the
classroom.

Participant 7
Yes, I have said its potential advantages is ease of use and how it can save a lot of time, however,
with that, I think it’s a double-edged sword because students and perhaps teachers alike, are
becoming more reliant on technology and so, with that the effort being put into doing reports and/or
learning can become quite… can be lessened, because we think that we already have available
resources there and so the students and teachers can perhaps put their tasks aside, thinking that they
can do it on the last minute, but I think that can become such a big drawback especially if those
technology becomes unavailable on the time they actually need it.
5. How do you think Participant 1
technology might I actually see it as a tool for empowerment. As they say, technology is a game changer. It should
affect the role of not be treated as a threat to education and to traditional approach, but as a helpful medium, which
teachers in the if use appropriately, can perfectly complement the traditional teaching method.
learning process? Do
you see it as a tool for Participant 2
empowerment or a As I have said earlier, we are diverting more, as we grow as a human race, we are diverting from
potential challenge to the traditional way of teaching such as the use of manila papers and boards and whatnots, and now,
traditional teaching we are incorporating technology especially in higher education. With that, I think that it really
methods? posed a challenge to the traditional way of teaching and as I believe that traditional teaching will
be less used in the following years as technology would improve. And I think that it will not
negatively impact the role of the teacher rather it would positively improve their way of teaching
as well as the learning of students, as I have said, incorporating technology in the teaching and
learning process, and I have observed in my demo teaching before that it really improved the
interaction between the teacher and the learners in terms of participation.

Participant 3
I see it both as a tool for empowerment and a potential challenge to traditional teaching methods.
The role of teachers will eventually shift and will become facilitators of learning. Teachers can use
these technologies to enhance and facilitate learning among students. It can also help them to do
their job efficiently. On the other hand, there can be, again, a loss of traditional skills, traditional
teaching methods usage. Still, there are traditional teaching methods that are applicable today. It
depends upon the needs and interests of the students.

Participant 4
The integration of technology can totally affect the role of teachers in a way that it can lessen the
task of teachers. It serves as a tool that facilitates the teacher when it comes to class discussion.
For instance, through the help of technology in class, the teachers can utilize videos in explaining
the concepts in class. Eventually, the teacher can simply ask something or the essential matters or
recall the concepts discussed, since it was already explained in the video clip. This tool can enhance
the methods of teachers that is far more different from the traditional way of teaching.
Participant 5
For me, the use of technology might affect the role of the teacher positively and negatively.
Positively in a way that through technology they can exert independent learning to students which
is inclined to the curriculum where we need to exert student-centered approach for both teaching
and learning. Negatively in a way we might be able to overlook and students might abuse the use
of it. So, it would probably… it will make them rely much of it. But still I see technology as a tool
for empowerment if utilized thoughtfully and in conjunction with effective teaching methods.

Participant 6
For me, the use of technology is a great help to teachers in their teaching and can make the learning
process more efficient. So, probably for me it is an empowerment tool—it is a tool for
empowerment. It can act as an assistant to teachers, reducing their workload. So, technology can
enhance the capabilities of teacher but it also requires careful consideration, so striking balance
between tradition and innovation is important to ensure effective teaching in a digital age. So, for
me, it is a tool for empowerment rather than a potential challenge to traditional teaching methods.

*When probed*

PQ1: You mentioned that the use of technology can act as assistant to teachers and it can
reduce their workload, so as a future teacher have you experienced using technology and it
reduced the workload that you need to do?

Yes, for example, I use technology in recording grades or scores on their formative assessment
and, of course, compiling my activities or doing portfolios and compared to traditional way,
we do manually or more on manually rather than digitalized materials we do as we do as of
now.

Participant 7
I think it can serve as both depending on who use it, because technology in itself is not inherently
evil or good but I think it is the teacher or user of it that potentially will have a say on how it will
affect their role. And so, I think it’s very much intended as a tool for empowerment because, for
one, technological advancements and innovations are made for the betterment of human lives and
so, I think when teachers use technology or when students use technology for improving and
 developing not only just their skills but their etiquettes and values I think it’ll become a great tool
for empowerment, however, if it’s use as a way to excuse themselves from exerting actual effort
and/or doing their studies well or actually reading books, things like that can potentially challenge
the teaching methods and/or the traditional learning practices of students.

2.What challenges to the 1. Can you recall any Participant 1

integration of technology in specific experiences One is the use of Computer Assisted Language learning, the combination of learning a language
teaching do individuals during your education using computers or other devices like that, as it contributed to my personalized learning experience.
aspiring to become teachers or teaching This particularly added to my positive perceptions toward technology. However, on a different
identify? preparation that have note, my experiences during online class which include technical glitches, lack of compatible
shaped your opinions devices, and even internet connectivity also play part why I have some reservation towards its
about using potential.
technology in the
classroom? Participant 2
Yes, I have said, really technology has become a pivotal point and really has its advantages—a lot
of advantages in terms of the educational aspect. What I mean by that is that based on my
experience, this shaped my opinion, because in my opinion—my experience, I have used
technology intensively. For example, in my demo-teachings I use ICTs, I use PowerPoints, I use
AIs, I use different kinds of sites, especially in google sites, to look for reference, to look for
templates that are enticing to the students. And I’ve also used technology in referencing my lessons,
motivation and activity, especially in the activity part, integration of AI has been used intensively.
Other than that, the presentation, the use of AI in presentation has become really advantageous in
shaping my opinion in terms of technology acceptance.

Participant 3
There was I time that I used a projector in the motivational phase. The motivation activity was
about showing a video. There were technical glitches that were difficult to solve. It wasted time,
and it affected my performance. This helps me realize that using technology is not easy at all. There
are a lot of considerations to take note. There are other factors to consider and some are beyond of
our control. These have shaped my thoughts about the use of technology by not relying too much
on it and always having a plan b.
Participant 4
In using technologies in class, I think that since I am used to incorporate this in my reports in class
then when I apply it in my teaching preparation, I find it really easy. Moreover, it also helped me
save time as well as money for resources.

*When probed*

PQ1: Can you cite a specific explanation or can you elaborate more on how technology is
convenient for you?

When it comes to saving time specifically, technology can just help me type on the word and
not write it in a piece of paper or in a Manila paper which actually takes time, with technology
I just can type or encode it right away. Also, when it comes to saving money, of course it is
actually done in virtually or through screens. The presentation can be presented in class on
screen without the usage of excessive papers, excessive manila paper and props like that. So,
when I want to design something, I can actually use pictures or graphics or elements that can
be found in, for instance, in Canva. We can use it and there’s a lot of design. Whereas, when
we use it in a traditional way, I really need to do an effort, it really needs time to do an effort
when it comes to designing it.

Participant 5
This is just a recent experience I would like to share. So, we have been using visual aids in episodic
teaching and full teaching and that really shaped my opinion of technology. So, based on that
experience, I realized how convenient and easy it would be if we were to use PowerPoint
presentations rather that visual aids, so, aside from the fact that it is very tiring to write the key
concepts of the lesson in a Cartolina or Manila paper, it would really take time or consume some
time to post the material neatly in front of your students. So, if we were to use PowerPoint
presentations, I guess all we need to do is to click next and the discussion will definitely be
smoother.

*When probed*
 PQ1: With this realization that you have on your experienced, what was the reason why you
used traditional instruction instead of technology-integrated materials?

Our group actually produced a PowerPoint presentation and at the same time traditional
instructional materials to have plan A and plan B, but we decided to make use the traditional
instructional materials instead, so the reason was because of the lack of availability and
accessibility of projectors. Also, we are scared that they might be a power interruption during
the discussion. So, we think that its best to use the traditional instructional materials instead.

Participant 6
In my personal experience, I believe that technology must be aligned with the teaching Philosophy
and goals of an institution. So, this belief has shaped my opinions regarding the use of technology
in education. For me, technology is a valuable tool that can be used to achieve specific educational
objectives, however, I also understand that some educators might view technology as a distraction,
therefore, it is crucial for educator like me to critically evaluate how technology can best support
the teaching goals and meet the needs of my students.

Participant 7
Let me go back to the tools that we use primarily or most of the time in our major, I think, again,
Geogebra and SPSS are great tools that we can use. With regards to experiences, I think we can all
agree that SPSS makes interpreting data a lot easier because we don’t have to do manual
calculations of the data, we do not have consider many errors in our calculations, and so, that alone
is a great experience for me personally to how I can use SPSS or any other technological software
we’ve used such as Geogebra and Wolfram Alpha in incorporating it in the classroom for my future
students as a current PST because this will allow for a much better grasp not only on the topic but
on how easily we can acquire the interpretations or the visual representations of the data or of the
topic.

2. In your opinion, what Participant 1

are some potential The integration of technology presents an opportunity for students to engage actively as they
benefits that arise from navigate the tools independently, with the scaffolding and guidance of their teachers. This benefit
integrating technology is particularly aligned with the belief that learners should become more accountable or responsible
into teaching and for their own learning, emphasizing a highly centered—a highly student-centered approach.
learning? How do Participant 2
these benefits align For me, personally, I consider myself as optimistic. I consider things in a positive way, I look at
with your educational things in a more positive way, so I think technology, it really benefits me as an educator in the
philosophy? future because I see technology as something that is evolving in a better way—in a good way. It
would continue to be more useful not only in the other fields but also in the field of education. That
is, we can use more technological advancement in the education other than using AIs, apps, google
classroom, LMS, other than that, I think we can further use these and when I become an educator,
I think more educational tools more advanced tools can be of use during that time.

Participant 3
Integrating technologies in the teaching and learning process can pave the way to enhance
classroom engagement among learners, that’s one of the potential benefits. It can make learning
more interactive through the use of multimedia, online gamification, and interactive applications.
It can also facilitate collaborative learning and activate active learning by enabling students to work
together, share ideas, and learn from one another. Basically, the integration of technology can be
aligned with constructivism and Progressivism. It is because it provides hands-on experiences and
active learning activities as well as it allows self-directed exploration, collaboration, and the
creation of knowledge.

Participant 4
Technology adheres with my teaching philosophy of progressivism which talks about students as
the center of the learning process. It absolutely helps students to be an active participant in the
classroom since the majority of the students establish interest when it comes to technology.

Participant 5
Integrating technology into teaching and learning, aside from the fact that it is convenient and easy
to use, it will definitely make the lesson discussions to go smoothly and engaging. I am actually
more of a progressive type of teacher and I am actually open to any technology-related tools since
it is essential in today’s digital world and it really has a big factor nowadays in education, so I
guess it really aligns with my benefits—with my beliefs, rather.
 Participant 6
When it comes to teaching and learning, students can… I can use or allow students to utilize various
tools such as multimedia, simulations, and interactive software to delve deeper into concepts, so
this approach aligns with the constructivist philosophy of education. For me, I believe also to
constructivism—theory of constructivism philosophy since I tend to emphasize hands on
experience and active learning inside the classroom. So, depending on my personal beliefs as an
educator, I may place a higher value on technology’s ability on exploration and active learning, so
that is when I am in the philosophy of pragmatism or pragmatic theory or pragmatic philosophy.
So, I may prioritize as well technology’s relevance to the world application. So that how I use
simulations, real-life experience examples.

Participant 7
I think for me, my educational philosophy heavily relies on learning by doing. I think technology
plays a lot or gives a lot of potential benefits in line to my philosophy because practically a student
will make use of technology and in this context, it is doing by learning because they cannot learn
how to use such software or they cannot fully understand or realize a certain topic if it requires
technology if they do not really know how to use that, and so, in reverse, if they are able to
understand how… fully utilize or incorporate those particular technologies in their learnings and
that in turn will help them fully realize or help them fully understand the topic as well.

3. On the flip side, are Participant 1

there any concerns or Aside from what I have already mentioned, perhaps other concerns would include issues on privacy
reservations you have and data security. The primary factor contributing to this concern is the welfare of my students, as
about the increased I would not like them to be compromised in any manner there is.
use of technology in
educational settings? *When probed*
What are the factors
contributing to those PQ1: Was there a time when you opted to use traditional teaching materials instead of
concerns? technology-integrated materials during your demo-teachings or peer teachings?

There are a lot of instances when I opted to use traditional approach rather than using
technology integration. The factors playing behind that decision was, one accessibility to the
resources that I would like to use such as the projector itself, another is, if I have the projector,
 I do not know how to properly utilize it and it might still compromise the teaching and the
learning of the students. Another is, I believe that sometimes technology integration is not that
efficient specially that we are compromising time. If we are to spend our time, imagine 60
minutes… a one-hour session, if we are to spend our time arranging those things like the
projector and laptop then perhaps we cannot use it in a way that it will maximize that learning
opportunity or learning session.

Participant 2
So, there are a lot of factors that contribute to the negative concerns. First, is the perceived risk of
the integration of technology, it would give me loss if I use it. Other than that, the performance or
the usefulness of the said technology if these technologies would give me gain other than the
perceived risk of the loss. Other than that, if the institution itself is ready. Third is the facilitating
condition, if the institution is ready to adapt to these evolving changes, if the school is ready to
provide subsequent support in the technology.

*When probed*

PQ1: You have mentioned earlier that there are losses and gains in using technology in the
classroom, can you elaborate more on this?

What I have said earlier is that my concern mostly is the negative concerns. First is the
perceived risk, allow me to elaborate. Perceived risk, as defined, is the extent to which a user
believes or perceive that a system, if engaged, would have subsequent loss to the users. For
example, in the admission of application in the university. If someone wishes to enroll in a
university, if he would interact with the system for example a site where in they would enroll,
if engaging with this system would not made it useful to him for example he would not be
admitted because the system is faulty then he would lose, for example, time. And if he was
not given adequate support from the system of from the technology then the possibility of
him or her not being admitted to a university would give them psychological loss or effect,
it would make him depressed. Second is in terms of usefulness, the performance expectancy
of the technology. Now, this perceived usefulness is connected to the perceived loss however,
in the perceived usefulness is the gain. If a person would have an interaction with a system
of AI, he would gain something that would improve him or her subjectively. For example, if
he would interact with the system—the online application, this is the perception wherein if
he would interact, he would be accepted, he would have a perception that “If I would interact
with this, I would gain something. This system would give me information or instruction that
will lead me to be accepted to a university”. The third I have mentioned is the facilitating
condition. Is the university ready to support of to have these technologies as their support to
aid students. For example, is the university ready during the Covid-19? Was their system or
site did not crash in that time when the students really need them? Those are the things that
I am negatively concerned about in the integration of technology.

PQ2: How about in the teaching and learning process, do you have any experiences that you
can share on these losses and gains in using technology?

So, in the teaching and learning process, I believe that I have gained something more than
the loss because as we can observe during the Covid-19, the University itself was able to
pull off the online process, online registration, and online learning. So, I think, in my
teaching and learning personally, I have used technology in a more positive and
advantageous ways. So, what I’ve mentioned earlier that loss is only a perception of mind
but I haven’t really experienced it myself, but I’ve experienced more the usefulness of it.
I’ve gained something with the use of technology, for example I was able to be a third-year
student and now, fourth-year student because of the integration of technology during the
Covid-19 and that, kudos to the university. Other than that, the only thing that can be
improved is the facilitating condition, the support from the facilitators, the administration,
the administrator during the Covid-19 and other than that, I have garnered nothing loss from
the integration of technology, rather I have gained something.

PQ3: Based on that answer, can you share an experience where you had difficulties in using
technology in the teaching and learning process?

Well, I have two things that made the technology disadvantageous on my end. First is during
the pandemic, I haven’t really had a positive or fruitful interaction with my classmates and
teachers in my studies during the pandemic era, because my phone during that time is not a
good phone. And we haven’t really had good internet connection and my laptop is lagging.
So, the integration of the online learning by the university during that time wasn’t really
 something good during that time on my end, however I cannot really generalize it to my
whole classmates because I think we have different opinions during that time. So, during the
pandemic, my interaction was lessened, my interaction with my teachers and classmates was
lessened and my participation was lessened. For example, during, in an instance when I was
about to recite during a class, which is Art Appreciation, my teacher wasn’t able to record
my voice because he said that my voice was like a robot and he cannot understand, I think it
was because of my headphones or maybe about the internet connection, or I don’t know the
reason but the technology during that time was not really on my side. The second thing is
during the face-to-face classes. Although it was advantageous to use AI technology, for
example, Canva, I was able to utilize Canva so well in my presentations or my demos.
However, the thing that we have struggled the most, not only experienced by myself, but
most of my classmates is the use of projectors. Yes, we had the laptops ready, the presentation
ready but we lost a lot of time finding projectors that will be used in projecting our lessons
or we use in demo teaching. So, yeah, I think that the loss on my end.

Participant 3
Yes, there are concerns to be considered in using technology in instruction such as Internet
connection and the availability of the resources of the school and of the learners. Another factor
can also be how a particular technology works. Aside from that, the skills in using these
technologies also matter that’s why a teacher must be knowledgeable enough to use them.

Participant 4
Concerns regarding the utilization of technology in the classroom that I found based on experience
is, one accessibility. Not all of the teachers or students has an access or has smartphones or laptops.
Basically, the factors contributing to this is socioeconomic status. We can say that some of the
teachers or some of the students are poor. And another thing is the lack of funds or lack of support
with regards to the… what do you call this… lack of support or funds with regards to the funding—
in the funding. Another thing is that, I can see it as another drawback. Another challenge is that, or
another problem that we can encounter with the use of technology is that… which is caused by
power interruption. So, the problem is that the class cannot be efficient because of that.

*When probed*
 PQ1: Have you ever opted to use traditional methods instead of technology due to these
hindrances or obstacles that you mentioned?

Of course, when I actually teach I… yes, I use technology, but then I have back-ups which are
traditional type of instructional materials to ensure that I have another option when these
drawbacks occur.

Participant 5
I actually have one concern on the increased use of technology in educational settings and that
would be the fact that technology can also be a source of distraction to students. One of its factors
would be their abusive use of technology where instead of using it for educational purposes, they
might use it to access, again as I have said, non-educational content during class. And another
concern would be the availability since not all students might have equal access to technology.

Participant 6
So, one of the concerns is that, inside the classroom, is the excessive reliance on technology and
that could replace important aspects in in-person interaction and human connection in the learning
process, where students might become too dependent on technology and, of course, lose essential
interpersonal skills. So, they tend to focus on… rely more on technology rather than the possibility
of listening what the teacher is discussing in front, something like that.

*When probed*

PQ1: Aside from that, I would like to ask you this question. During your demo-teaching, peer
teachings, or reporting, have you ever experienced having difficulties in using technology in
the classroom?

Yes, for example, using projectors and other devices like laptop of even gadgets like phone,
internet connections, and lack of experience on how to manage and how to utilize or control
the device, for short lack of experience and skills in accessing technology, of course, might
affect the performance as a future educator. So, if you are lacking on experience on technology
then you are also… it really affects how you are doing inside the classroom. In summary, it
really affects the learning and teaching process.
 Participant 7
If in the future, I’ll be able to use technology in my teachings or now as a student using technology
in my study, I think apart from laziness or procrastination as a result of relying too much on
technology, we can also look at how technology can encourage plagiarism not only in students but
perhaps teachers as well. And also, for example, AI tools such as ChatGPT will, although it can
encourage students to find different answers or different resources but if used wrong or if it’s not
validated some answers given there might… again if the answers there are used specially for
research or for literary purposes it can end up as plagiarism and also in the context of mathematics,
although ChatGPT can do mathematical solving but some of the answers provided by ChatGPT
are actually wrong. And so, if students and/or teachers blindly use these tools they might end up
with false information or wrong processes, I think that is one caveat from using technology, solely
relying on technology.

*When probed*

PQ1: During your reportings, or demo-teachings have you ever had any difficulties in
integrating technology in those sessions?

Yes, first is the availability of those resources or availability of those technologies. For
example, laptops, projectors, printers all those sorts of things or technologies are not cheap
and so a student, or me, personally, may have a hard time in fully integrating them in my
demos and/or teaching sessions because I may not have access to them that easily. Especially
for projectors, and that might hinder the overall process, because sometimes when using
technology in a certain set up sometimes it needs the support of other technological devices
and if one is lacking, one might not function as well. Especially for reporting, although you
might have a laptop, you might have your cellphones but without the presence of a projector
that may—it will render your report or the efforts you put into it null and void because you
cannot present it. So, I think that is a drawback.

4. From your Participant 1

perspective, how Technology transforms the roles of teachers from being the bearer of knowledge to being
might the facilitator, curator or even guide. Hence, it will now be more on student-centered approach.
incorporation of Participant 2
technology impact the I think, as I have said, the incorporation of technology is really advantageous. So, what I’ve said
traditional roles and before that it is a pivotal point wherein traditional teaching might not be commonly used in the
responsibilities of future especially in the higher education, what I meant is that—because technology is really
educators within the something that can –unlike the traditional way of teaching that cannot be further improved, it
classroom? already reached its peak, while technology is continuously evolving and continuously developing.
What I meant is that, technology, unlike the traditional way of teaching and learning, is that you
can preserve the lessons or the PPTs, or what you have used that time, you can keep the copies of
it, for example you have a flashdrive or in a laptop, unlike the traditional way of teaching that once
the cartolinas, the manila papers had been torn or had been wet, or whatever, it will be not really
suitable to be used for the next class, unlike with the technology which it can be presented over
and over again and can be improved. Because of that, I have a perception that technology is really
advantageous and can be further improved and the teaching and learning can be improved by this,
unlike the traditional way of teaching.

Participant 3
The incorporation of technology will let teachers shift their roles to become facilitators of learning.
Aside from they will embrace the modern way or approach of teaching, which is relevant in today’s
world.

Participant 4
Through the incorporation of technology, teachers become not the only source of information in
the classroom and will not be making or will not solely do the talking or explaining in the class.
Actually, another challenge as well for teachers is that they should be competent enough in
manipulating or using technology, it may become a problem if he or she has not sufficient
knowledge or capabilities regarding this.

*When probed*

PQ1: Have you ever experienced having difficulty in using or integrating technology in the
classroom due to not knowing how to use it and can you give a specific technology you used?
 Yes, actually, I also experienced difficulties in using technology that I’m not really familiar at
first. For instance, in our practice teaching last time, I am so bothered because I am not really
good at assemble—assembling or preparing the needed materials when it comes to projector
and this made me worry.

PQ2: So, what did you do to solve that problem?

To solve that problem, I asked my co-PST and I asked him to teach me how to do it and with
that, I can say that I am competent now.

Participant 5
Since we are living in the digital world where technology is very essential, there are traditional
roles that are already set aside. For instance, instead of spoon-feeding all the lessons to our students,
we are actually encouraging them to be more of an independent learner, and as a teacher or as an
educator, our responsibility now would be based on how we were able—how we are going to be
an effective facilitator during class. So, I guess now, technology at some point has a positive impact
both to the teachers and students.

Participant 6
Incorporating technology can really impact the traditional roles because educators are transitioning
or tend to shift from being the sole source of knowledge to facilitating… to facilitators of learning..
So, teachers are transforming to digital from being sole source of knowledge because compared to
traditional, we tend to rely on manual, books, and now teachers can share a lot of materials online
and access different technology and present different information inside the classroom with the use
of technology integration.

Participant 7
This, I think a lot of talk is surrounding this topic about how technology can potentially replace
teachers but I do not think this is possible because teachers offer a lot of value in the classrooms
specifically not only exclusive to teaching what is in the curriculum or in a syllabus but rather the
values and the… what’s this… the values and the hidden… I think it was hidden curriculum or
along the line, but there are a lot of life lessons and/or stories and experiences the teacher have had
to go through which they can impart on to their students and so I think the incorporation of
 technology is very important in the responsibilities of educators in a classroom as it can enhance
what is already there. It can give way for more varied approaches in teaching but if we talk about
whether or not it can replace teachers, I think that is not something that we can expect sooner or
later because, again, teachers or educators in a classroom are… what’s this… very valuable
resource that just cannot be replaced easily.

5. In terms of student Participant 1

engagement, do you Certainly, but if and only if technology integration is use rightly and being maximized in its full
believe technology potential. For instance, technology integration is intentionally used to elicit active participation
can play a role in from the class. One example I could provide is the use of game-based learning approach. With
fostering more technology, we can use games such as Kahoot and Quizzis, or even platforms like Padlet, sway,
interactive and and WIX in order to maximize the potential of technology.
participatory learning
experiences? Can you Participant 2
provide instances or Yes. So, what I meant by that is, there are a lot of things that can be included in the teaching and
scenarios to support learning. Now, this both apply to online learning and the face-to-face learning. First is the online
your stance? learning. We have observed a teacher of mine during our English lesson, she has included a lot of
games for the support of learning where the students can write their answers and they would have
a ranking as to who got more answers. I think that’s a good way to have interaction with the students
and there are a lot of features like hands up, comment section and whatnot. Now, in the face-to-
face classes, I think technology can still be very effective in having interaction with the teacher and
the learners. For example, they could be attracted with the presentation alone. For example, your
presentation has really good transitions, it has an appealing attack to the eyes of the students they
ought to listen more and to look more to the presentation or the teacher who is teaching. However,
it will not really apply if the teacher is not really good at teaching. Other than that, I think
technology is a really great way to have interaction with the students.

Participant 3
Yes. It can foster more interactive and participatory learning experiences. We can use different
interactive tools, just like what I said earlier, such as Kahoot, Mentimeter, and more, to let students
participate in the class. There were instances when our professor used interactive application tools
like Mentimeter, which allows us to be interactive in class, which motivated me to participate in
the session
Participant 4
I absolutely agree that technology play a significant role to boost student engagement. For instance,
it may be utilized or incorporated through the help of audio-visual learning. And through this,
through the use of technology, through the use of audio-visual learning I see that the students are
really appreciative, are really attentive with regards to the lesson. Another thing is that, in
technology we can use technological games or interactive games found in online, just like Kahoot.
It also catches the attention of the students.

*When probed*

PQ1: How about when you encounter problems while incorporating technology in the
classroom, do you think this will affect the engagement and participation of the students?

Yes, I think that this will really affect the engagement and participation of the students in a
negative way since using technology is… For instance, the problem that we encounter while
we are incorporating technology in the classroom is power interruption, since using
technology… the main source of its utilization, its essence, or its effectiveness is power
connection, when it is cut off, of course, the usability or the usage of technology will not be
effective. So, as a pre-service teacher, we should have an initiative. We must find ways or find
back-ups just like what I have said earlier when we are incorporating technology just to make
sure that the flow of the teaching and learning process will be effective.

Participant 5
Yes, I believe technology play a role in fostering more interactive and participatory learning
experiences. For instance, what I have mentioned earlier, platforms… we can use platforms like
Kahoot and Quizzis, so with these teachers can create interactive quizzes that students can respond
to in real time using their smartphones, so with this it engages students and encourages active
participation as they can see who ranks who and so on.

PQ1: How about in a face-to-face class session, can you cite an example or an experience
where technology made the class more interactive?
 This is my experience during my senior high school days, our subject that time was
Information Literacy, our professor uses laptop and then made use of a tool called Cloud Poll,
so it was really fun because the question flashes on screen, with the use of our phones we type
in our answers and all of our answers pop out on the screen the moment we send it. So, the
class that time, I would say, was interactive as we were comparing our answers and laughing
as well with the answers of our classmates.

Participant 6
Yes, I believe that technology can play a role in fostering more interactive, because technology can
indeed play a significant role in fostering more interactive and participatory learning experiences
where in it also enhance students’ engagement in various ways. For example, in this scenario,
gamification, it is not new to us which involves using games and gamified activities that can make
learning more interesting and engaging, like the use of simulation games where students take on
different roles and make decision that affect the end of the day or the goals or course. Thereby
creating an immersive and participatory learning experience as essential as they tend to participate
more and take part on the lesson on the on-going topic.

*When probed*

PQ1: During your demo-teachings in the Integrated-Laboratory school, have you ever used
gamification and also integrated technology?

Of course, yes, for example, I used games like puzzle or words… guessing, and I used a
pointing system with the use of presentation of PowerPoint presentation with my device, of
course, laptop, where in they tend, of course, to participate and engage more compared to
those who do not use gamification.

Participant 7
I think it does foster more interactive and participatory learning experiences for students because
most of the students we have today are technologically literate and most of them prefer technology
over traditional learning modalities and I think due to that interest or due to that alignment of the
students in technology, if we are able to utilize technology and integrate it on our teachings and on
our activities, students will be more interested in participating because they already have that
knowledge or they already have that interest in those sorts of activities and so, I think that if the
teachers are able to find ways on how to effectively use these technologies particularly in the
motivation part of the classes and on the overall relaying of the topics and the teaching part of the
class, students will be able to not just learn something but actually enjoy doing it.

*When probed*

PQ1: Can you cite a specific or personal experience where technology made learning
interactive for you?

I think when we have these reporting, where in we integrate games, specifically, games that
make use of PowerPoints and that offers a lot of excitement for students because not only it is
visually appealing it is also induces a sort of healthy competitiveness among the students and
with the insert of technology there it just makes it all the more fun not only for us but also for
the teachers themselves making the PowerPoint presentation.