MODULE NO.

3 Splicing – connecting two lengths of conductor

INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL ARTS Technician – a person skilled in mechanical or industrial techniques or in a particular technical field

1. Title of the Module: Electronics Tool kit – a small bag or box equipped with hand tools

A.What is Electronics? Troubleshooting – identifying and repairing faults in equipment

Electronics is the study of how to control the flow of electrons. It deals with circuits made up of Voltage – the electrical pressure that existed between two points and capable of producing a flow of current
components that control the flow of electricity. Electronics is a part of physics and electrical engineering. when a close circuit is connected between the points

Electronics is a branch of technology that deals with many applications. Audio electronics, video Voltmeter – an instrument that measures the amount of electromotive force in a component or circuit
electronics, digital, medical up to weapons and banking are covered by the influence of electronics. There are quite a
number of components used in the application of electronics. To name a few of these electronics components are B. Tools and Equipment
resistors, capacitors, inductors and semi-conductors.
Basic Hand Tools
Definition of Terms
1. Screwdrivers are hand tools specifically designed to insert and tighten, or to loosen and remove screws. A
Accidental - occurring unexpectedly, unintentionally, or by chance screwdriver comprises a head or tip, which engages with a screw, a mechanism to apply force by rotating
the tip, and some way to position and support the screwdriver, the tip of which is shaped in to fit a
Alternating current - an electric current that is continually varying in value and reversing its direction of flow at particular type of screw.
regular interval a. Slotted Screwdriver is used to drive or fasten negative slotted screws.
b. Phillips Screwdriver used to drive or fasten positive slotted screws. It is a screwdriver that
Anode - a positive electrode of semiconductor device could take greater torque and could provide tighter fastenings.
c. Jeweler’s Screwdriver Set is a set of small screwdrivers composed of slotted and Phillips
Capacitance – a property that exist whenever two conductors are separated by insulating material, permitting the screwdrivers.
storage of electricity
Soldering Tools
Capacitor – a component designed intentionally to have a definite amount of capacitance
1. Soldering Iron is a device for applying heat to melt solder in attaching two metal parts. A soldering iron is
Circuit – an arrangement of one or more complete paths of electron flow composed of a heated metal tip and an insulated handle. For electrical work, wires are usually soldered to printed
circuit boards, other wires, or small terminals. A low-power iron (20-30 Watts) is suitable for this work.
Conductor – a wire, cable, or other body or medium that is suitable for carrying electric current
2. Soldering Tool Stand is a place where the soldering iron is placed during usage. This will keep the soldering iron
Current – the rate of transfer of electricity from one point to another away from flammable materials. The stand often comes with the sponge used in cleaning the tip of the soldering iron.
Desoldering – a process of unsoldering unwanted parts or components in the circuit with the support of soldering tool 3. Desoldering tool is used in removing soldered wires and components on printed circuit boards for troubleshooting
and repair purposes.
Dielectric material – a material that serves as insulator because it has poor electric conductivity
Splicing Tools
Direct current – an electric current that flows in one direction
1. Long Nose is used for holding, bending, and stretching the lead of electronic component or connecting wires.
Discrete components – separated or individual components
2. Side cutter is a wire-cutting pliers, though they are not used to grab or turn anything, but are used to cut wires.
Electronics – a branch of science and technology that deals with the controlled flow of electrons
3. Wire Stripper is a pair of opposing blades much like scissors or wire cutters. The addition of a center notch makes
Flammable – tending to burn quickly
it easier to cut the insulation without cutting the wire.
Hazards – risks; dangers
Boring tools
Malfunction – not in normal functionality
1. 12V Mini-Drill used to bore or drill holes in the printed circuit board (PCB) with sizes from 1/32”- 1/16”.
Ohmmeter – an instrument that measures the amount of resistance in certain components or circuits
2. Portable Electric Drill is used for boring hole(s) in plastic or metal chassis with the used of drill bits having sizes
Resistance – the opposition that a component or material offers to the flow current from 1/6” to approximately ¼”.

Resistor – a component designed intentionally to have a definite amount of resistance 3. Metal Files these are hand tools having a series of sharp, parallel ridges or teeth. Most files have a narrow, pointed
tang at one end to which a handle can be fitted.
Soldering – a process of joining two metals caused by heat
Flat File is parallel in width and tapered in thickness; they are used for flat surfaces and edges.
\Soldering technique – a right process in which the solder (lead) is being applied in a connection or in the printed
circuit board Half Round File is tapered in width and thickness, coming to a point, and is narrower than a standard half round and
used for filling inside of rings.
Round File is also called “rat-tail file” which is gradually tapered and used for many tasks that require a round tool, This, in turn, can create a fire hazard or cause the conductor to burn out. In this case, it is not desirable. In other cases,
such as enlarging round holes or cutting a scalloped edge. when it is placed intentionally in the circuit, it performs its specific task.Fixed Resistors

Cutting Tools It is a single value resistance, which remains the same under the normal condition. The two
common kinds of fixed resistors are carbon and film-type resistor.
1. Utility Knife is a common tool used in cutting various trades and crafts for a variety of
purposes. Variable Resistor
2. Hacksaw is used for cutting metals. Some have pistol grips which keep the hacksaw firm and
easy to grip. The small hand-held hacksaw consist of a metal arch with a handle that fits around Variable resistors are used when it is necessary to change the amount of resistance in a circuit. There are
a narrow,, rigid blade. two common variable resistors, the potentiometer and rheostat. Generally a potentiometer is generally has carbon
resistive element while the rheostat is generally made of resistance wire.Both devices have a sliding arm that brings
Primary Tools into contact with the resistance element. In most variable resistors the arm is attached to the shaft that can be adjusted
Element changes.
1. Magnifying Glass is a convex lens which is used to produce a magnified image of an object. The lens is usually
mounted on a frame with a handle. Roger Bacon is the original inventor of the magnifying glass. A magnifying glass A potentiometer is commonly used as control device. It can be used to vary the value of voltage applied to
works by creating a magnified virtual image of an object behind the lens. Some magnifying glasses are foldable with a certain circuit such as in the amplifier, television, and different kinds of meter circuit.
built-in light.
Resistor Power Rating
2. Paint Brush made of bristles set in handle, use for cleaning dirty parts of a circuit or an object.
Power rating of resistors changes with their sizes, the bigger the resistor the greater the wattages and the
Electronic Equipment smaller the resistor the lesser the wattage. Different sizes of resistors are shown below which are drawn to the exact
proportion.
Aside from hand tools, equipment are also needed for more accurate and quality output. In this connection,
three of the most used equipment are presented here for you to be familiar with their uses and the proper way of A capacitor is a device that consists essentially of two conducting surfaces separated by a dielectric
maintaining them. material like air, paper, mica, ceramic, glass, or Mylar. It makes it possible to store electric energy. Electrons are
detained within a capacitor. This, in effect, is stored electricity. It is known as electrical potential or an electrostatic
a. Volt-Ohm-Milliammeter. It is an equipment that combines three functions: as a voltmeter that measures field. Electrostatic field hold electrons. When the increase of electrons becomes great enough, the electrical potentials
both ac and dc voltages; an ohmmeter that measures resistance; and milliammeter that measures small are now ready to be discharged.
amount of dc current. As safety precautions in the maintenance of this instrument, the following should be
observed: The component is designed intentionally to have a definite amount of capacitance. This capacitance is a
 Always rest the function switch at 250V AC if an OFF position is not available in the property that exists whenever insulating material permits the storage of electricity. It is measured in Farad (F) micro
instrument. Farad (µF), nano Farad (nF), and picoFarad (pF).
 For current and voltage measurements, always set the function switch in the correct setting
which is a little higher than the expected current or voltage present in the circuit.
 Place the instrument in a cool dry place, away from any magnetic devices, and free from
vibrations
b. Oscilloscope. An oscilloscope (commonly abbreviated CRO, for cathode-ray oscilloscope, or scope) is a
piece of electronic test equipment that allows signal voltages to be viewed, usually as a two-dimensional
graph of one or more electrical potential differences (vertical axis) plotted as a function of time or of some
other voltage (horizontal axis)
c. Signal generator. A signal generator is a device which produces simple wave forms.
Such devices contain an electronic oscillator, a circuit that is capable of creating a repetitive
waveform. These are typically used in simple electronics repair and design where they are used to stimulate Characteristics of Capacitor:
a circuit under test. Oscilloscope and signal generator should be given regular checkup for at least once a
week by connecting them in the power line. This will help prevent their components from having moisture 1. It can be store charge even though the voltage source is already disconnected.
that might cause trouble in their circuits. In any activity involving skills, it is a standard procedure that you 2. It can discharge electrical voltages.
must always use the right tool or equipment properly that would fit in a particular task. In spite of this
Symbol of Capacitor
reminder or caution, some students abuse the use of tools and still practice the following common faults
that must NOT be done. Common Types of Fixed Capacitor
C. Electronic Symbol and components

Resistor

A resistor is a device with a known value of resistance. Its main function is to reduce voltage and to limit
the flow of current in a circuit. This resistance is actually the opposition that a component or material offers to the flow
of current.

Resistance may or may not be useful in circuit/s. When too much current passes through a conductor,
(solid, liquid, gas through which electrons pass easily) the resistance of the conductor may cause it to become hot.