LET-Based Test Items on Inferential Statistics

T-test
1. A researcher wants to determine if there is a significant difference in the mean math
scores of boys and girls. Which statistical test is most appropriate?
o A. Correlation
o B. Chi-square
o C. T-test
o D. ANOVA
2. A dependent samples t-test is used to compare:
o Two independent groups
o Two related groups
o Three or more groups
o Categorical data
3. A researcher obtains a t-value of 2.5 with a p-value of 0.02. What can be concluded?
o There is no significant difference between the groups.
o There is a significant difference between the groups.
o The effect size is small.
o The test is not appropriate.
4. A one-tailed t-test is used when:
o The researcher has no specific prediction about the direction of the difference.
o The researcher predicts the direction of the difference.
o There are more than two groups.
o The data is not normally distributed.
5. A researcher wants to compare the mean weight loss of two diet programs. Which t-test
is appropriate?
o Independent samples t-test
o Dependent samples t-test
o One-sample t-test
o None of the above

ANOVA (Analysis of Variance)

1. A researcher wants to compare the mean test scores of students from three different
teaching methods. Which statistical test is most appropriate?
o A. T-test
o B. Correlation
o C. ANOVA
o D. Chi-square
2. The null hypothesis in ANOVA states that:
o There is a significant difference between the group means.
o There is no significant difference between the group means.
o The correlation between the variables is significant.
o There is a relationship between the variables.
 3. A post-hoc test is used to:
o Determine the overall significance of the ANOVA.
o Determine which specific groups differ in the ANOVA.
o Calculate the effect size of the ANOVA.
o Increase the power of the ANOVA.
4. A one-way ANOVA is used when:
o There is one independent variable with two levels.
o There is one independent variable with more than two levels.
o There are two independent variables.
o There is no independent variable.
5. A researcher finds a significant F-value in an ANOVA. What does this indicate?
o There is no difference between the group means.
o There is a difference between at least two group means.
o The correlation between the variables is significant.
o The effect size is small.

Correlation
1. A correlation coefficient of -0.8 indicates:
o A strong positive relationship between two variables.
o A strong negative relationship between two variables.
o No relationship between the two variables.
o A weak positive relationship between two variables.
2. Pearson correlation is used for:
o Continuous variables
o Categorical variables
o Ordinal variables
o Any type of variable
3. A scatterplot is used to visually represent:
o The relationship between two variables
o The frequency distribution of a variable
o The central tendency of a dataset
o The variability of a dataset
4. A correlation of 0 indicates:
o A perfect positive relationship
o A perfect negative relationship
o No relationship between the variables
o A strong positive relationship
5. Which of the following is NOT a correlation coefficient?
o Pearson's r
o Spearman's rho
o Kendall's tau
o Chi-square
Regression
1. Regression analysis is used to:
o Describe the relationship between two variables.
o Predict the value of one variable based on another.
o Determine the cause-and-effect relationship between variables.
o All of the above.
2. The dependent variable in regression analysis is:
o The variable being predicted.
o The variable used to make the prediction.
o The variable that is controlled by the researcher.
o None of the above.
3. A strong positive correlation between two variables indicates:
o A strong positive relationship between the variables.
o A strong negative relationship between the variables.
o No relationship between the variables.
o A cause-and-effect relationship between the variables.
4. In simple linear regression, the regression equation is:
o Y = a + bx
o Y = b + ax
o Y = abx
o Y = x/a
5. The coefficient of determination (R²) represents:
o The proportion of variance in the dependent variable explained by the
independent variable.
o The slope of the regression line.
o The intercept of the regression line.
o The error term in the regression equation.
 LET-Based Questions on Statistics in Assessing Student Learning

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which statistical measure is used to determine the most frequent score in a
distribution?
o A. Mean
o B. Median
o C. Mode
o D. Range
2. A distribution with a tail to the right is called:
o A. Negatively skewed
o B. Positively skewed
o C. Normal
o D. Bimodal
3. A z-score of +2 indicates that a score is:
o A. Two points below the mean
o B. Two points above the mean
o C. Two standard deviations below the mean
o D. Two standard deviations above the mean
4. A teacher wants to determine the relationship between students' IQ scores and
their academic performance. Which statistical method is appropriate?
o A. Correlation
o B. T-test
o C. ANOVA
o D. Chi-square
5. Which of the following is NOT a measure of central tendency?
o A. Mean
o B. Median
o C. Mode
o D. Standard deviation
6. A percentile rank of 75 means that:
o A. 75% of the scores are below the given score
o B. 75% of the scores are above the given score
o C. The score is exactly at the 75th position
o D. The score is in the top 75% of the distribution
7. A teacher wants to compare the performance of two groups of students on a math
test. Which statistical test would be appropriate?
o A. T-test
o B. Correlation
o C. Chi-square
o D. ANOVA
8. A distribution with a peak in the middle and tapering ends is called:
 o A. Normal
o B. Skewed
o C. Bimodal
o D. Rectangular

9. The coefficient of variation is used to:

o A. Measure the central tendency of a distribution
o B. Measure the variability of a distribution relative to the mean
o C. Determine the shape of a distribution
o D. Compare two or more distributions
10. A reliability coefficient of .90 indicates:
 A. Low reliability
 B. Moderate reliability
 C. High reliability
 D. Perfect reliability
11. Which of the following is a measure of variability?
 A. Mean
 B. Median
 C. Mode
 D. Standard deviation
12. A negatively skewed distribution is often associated with:
 A. A large number of high scores
 B. A large number of low scores
 C. A symmetrical distribution
 D. A bimodal distribution
13. A teacher wants to determine if there is a relationship between students' gender
and their choice of subject area. Which statistical test is appropriate?
 A. T-test
 B. Correlation
 C. Chi-square
 D. ANOVA
14. A standardized test with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15 reports a
student's score as 130. What is the student's z-score?
 A. 1
 B. 2
 C. 3
 D. 4
15. A quartile is a division of a dataset into:
 A. Two equal parts
 B. Three equal parts
 C. Four equal parts
 D. Five equal parts
16. A teacher wants to assess the overall performance of her students in a subject.
Which statistical measure would be most appropriate?
 A. Mean
 B. Median
  C. Mode
 D. Range
17. A distribution with two peaks is called:
 A. Normal  C. Bimodal
 B. Skewed  D. Rectangular

18. A low reliability coefficient indicates that:

 A. The test is consistent
 B. The test is valid
 C. The test is unreliable
 D. The test is biased
19. A teacher wants to determine if there is a difference in the mean scores of three
groups of students on a reading test. Which statistical test is appropriate?
 A. T-test
 B. Correlation
 C. Chi-square
 D. ANOVA
20. A percentile rank of 25 means that:
 A. 25% of the scores are below the given score
 B. 25% of the scores are above the given score
 C. The score is exactly at the 25th position
 D. The score is in the top 25% of the distribution
21. Which statistical measure is most affected by outliers?
 A. Mean
 B. Median
 C. Mode
 D. Range
22. A normal distribution is characterized by:
 A. A bell-shaped curve
 B. A skewed shape
 C. A rectangular shape
 D. A bimodal shape
23. A teacher wants to determine the relationship between students' study habits and
their exam scores. Which statistical method is appropriate?
 A. Correlation
 B. T-test
 C. ANOVA
 D. Chi-square
24. A high degree of positive correlation between two variables indicates that:
 A. There is no relationship between the variables
 B. The variables are inversely related
 C. The variables are positively related
 D. The variables are unrelated
25. Which statistical measure is used to determine the variability of scores around the
mean?
 A. Mean  C. Mode
 B. Median  D. Standard deviation
26. A negatively skewed distribution is often associated with:
 A. A large number of high scores
 B. A large number of low scores
 C. A symmetrical distribution
 D. A bimodal distribution
27. A teacher wants to determine if there is a difference in the performance of boys
and girls in a science class. Which statistical test is appropriate?
 A. T-test
 B. Correlation
 C. Chi-square
 D. ANOVA
28. A standardized test with a mean of 80 and a standard deviation of 8 reports a
student's score as 92. What is the student's z-score?
 A. 1  C. 2
 B. 1.5  D. 2.5
29. A quartile is a division of a dataset into:
 A. Two equal parts
 B. Three equal parts
 C. Four equal parts
 D. Five equal parts
30. A teacher wants to assess the overall performance of her students in a subject.
Which statistical measure would be most appropriate?
 A. Mean
 B. Median
 C. Mode
 D. Range
31. A distribution with a tail to the left is called:
 A. Negatively skewed
 B. Positively skewed
 C. Normal
 D. Bimodal
32. A z-score of -1 indicates that a score is:
 A. One point below the mean
 B. One point above the mean
 C. One standard deviation below the mean
 D. One standard deviation above the mean
33. A teacher wants to determine the relationship between students' socioeconomic
status and their academic achievement. Which statistical method is appropriate?
 A. Correlation
 B. T-test
 C. ANOVA
 D. Chi-square
34. Which of the following is NOT a measure of variability?
 A. Range
 B. Variance
 C. Standard deviation
 D. Mean
35. A percentile rank of 90 means that:
 A. 90% of the scores are below the given score
 B. 90% of the scores are above the given score
 C. The score is exactly at the 90th position
 D. The score is in the top 90% of the distribution
36. A teacher wants to compare the performance of three groups of students on a
science experiment. Which statistical test would be appropriate?
 A. T-test
 B. Correlation
 C. Chi-square
 D. ANOVA
37. A distribution with a single peak is called:
 A. Normal
 B. Skewed
 C. Bimodal
 D. Rectangular
38. A high reliability coefficient indicates that:
 A. The test is consistent
 B. The test is valid
 C. The test is unreliable
 D. The test is biased
39. A teacher wants to determine if there is a difference in the mean scores of two
groups of students on a reading test. Which statistical test is appropriate?
 A. T-test
 B. Correlation
 C. Chi-square
 D. ANOVA
40. A percentile rank of 50 means that:
 A. 50% of the scores are below the given score
 B. 50% of the scores are above the given score
 C. The score is exactly at the 50th position
 D. The score is in the top 50% of the distribution
41. Which statistical measure is least affected by outliers?
 A. Mean  C. Mode
 B. Median  D. Range
42. A normal distribution is characterized by:
 A. A bell-shaped curve
 B. A skewed shape
 C. A rectangular shape
 D. A bimodal shape
43. A teacher wants to determine the relationship between students' attendance and
their academic performance. Which statistical method is appropriate?
 A. Correlation
 B. T-test
 C. ANOVA
 D. Chi-square
44. A high degree of negative correlation between two variables indicates that:
 A. There is no relationship between the variables
 B. The variables are inversely related
 C. The variables are positively related
 D. The variables are unrelated
45. Which statistical measure is used to determine the variability of scores around the
mean?
 A. Mean
 B. Median
 C. Mode
 D. Standard deviation
46. A teacher wants to determine if there is a difference in the performance of boys
and girls in a language arts class. Which statistical test is appropriate?
 A. T-test
 B. Correlation
 C. Chi-square
 D. ANOVA
47. A standardized test with a mean of 75 and a standard deviation of 12 reports a
student's score as 63. What is the student's z-score?
 A. -1
 B. -1.5
 C. -2
 D. -2.5
48. A quartile is a division of a dataset into:
 A. Two equal parts
 B. Three equal parts
 C. Four equal parts
 D. Five equal parts
49. A teacher wants to assess the overall performance of her students in a subject.
Which statistical measure would be most appropriate?
 A. Mean
 B. Median
 C. Mode
 D. Range
50. A distribution with two peaks is called:
 A. Normal
 B. Skewed
 C. Bimodal
 D. Rectangular

51. A teacher wants to determine if there is a relationship between students' study

habits and their exam scores. Which statistical method is appropriate?
 A. Correlation
 B. T-test
 C. ANOVA
 D. Chi-square
52. A high degree of positive correlation between two variables indicates that:
 A. There is no relationship between the variables
 B. The variables are inversely related
 C. The variables are positively related
 D. The variables are unrelated
53. Which statistical measure is used to determine the variability of scores around the
mean?
 A. Mean
 B. Median
 C. Mode
 D. Standard deviation
54. A teacher wants to determine if there is a difference in the performance of boys
and girls in a language arts class. Which statistical test is appropriate?
 A. T-test
 B. Correlation
 C. Chi-square
 D. ANOVA
55. A standardized test with a mean of 75 and a standard deviation of 12 reports a
student's score as 63. What is the student's z-score?
 A. -1
 B. -1.5
 C. -2
 D. -2.5