efficiencies in cattle and buffalo. Water requirement of dairy animals. Herd registration.
Daily routine operations at dairy farms. Clean milk production. Selection and judging of
dairy type animals. Preparation of animals for show purposes.
Unit 8: Production and Management of other Animals
Draft animals: Population dynamics of various categories of draft and work animals in
India. Characteristics of draft animals. Harness for various types of draft animals. Training of
work animals. Management of camel with special reference to rearing, feeding and watering.
Behavioural studies of various draft animals.
Sheep and goat: Selection of breeds and breeding systems for improving wool, mohair, meat
and milk. Feeding practices for economic rearing. Scope of intensive milk and meat
production from goat. Mutton and wool production from sheep. Low-cost shelter
management. Sheep and goat reproduction. Health management.
Poultry: Poultry housing systems - cage vs floor system, litter management and lighting for
Poultry. Management of chicks, growing, laying, broiler and breeding flocks. Selection and
culling of laying flocks. Biosecurity and environmental considerations. Light management.
Hatchery management. Management of birds during stress. Chick sexing. Maintenance of
farm records. Health and sanitation problems. Prevention and disease control. Handling care
of table eggs. Management of birds during disease outbreaks.
Equine: Care and management of horses including feeding, breeding, and shelter
management. Shoeing, preparation and management of race horses.
Swine: Importance of pig as a meat animal. Selection of breeds and breeding systems for
improving pig production. Feeding strategies for pigs. Care and Management of pregnant and
other stages of sows and unweaned piglets. Common problems in pigs and their preventive
measures.
Rabbit: Economic importance. Important fur and meat type breeds. Housing, handling,
feeding, watering, breeding, management, sanitation and health care of rabbits.
Unit 9: Wildlife Management
Status of wildlife in India and its conservation. Biological and ecological basis of
management of wildlife. Breeding and feeding of wildlife in captivity. Health management.
Unit 10: Forage Production and Conservation
Classification of feeds and forages. Feed and fodder resources used for feeding of livestock
and poultry. Nutritive value of feeds and fodders. Conservation and preservation of feeds and
fodders. Annual and perennial fodder crops. Strategies for round the year fodder production.
Pasture development and grazing management. Enrichment of poor-quality roughages.
Unit 11: Economics and Marketing of Livestock and their Products
Economic principles as applied to livestock production. Production functions. Farm size,
resources and product combinations. Cost concepts. Effect criteria in use of resources in
livestock production. Maintenance of evaluation of different production records. Insurance
and financing of livestock enterprises. Project formulation for setting up livestock farms.
Different approaches to marketing of livestock and its products. Present status of cattle fairs
and methods of selling livestock. Market news and information. Determination of prices of
livestock products. Vertical integration in livestock products industries.
pg. 65
26. POULTRY SCIENCE
Unit 1: Poultry Genetics and Breeding
Phylogeny of poultry species, class, breed, variety and strains of chickens,
ducks, geese, turkeys and other species of poultry. Mendelian traits in
poultry. Inheritance of qualitative traits in poultry and their usefulness.
Inheritance of comb, plumage and other qualitative traits. Sex-linked and sex
influenced traits, their inheritance and usefulness. Economically important
traits and their modes of inheritance. Gene action influencing the traits.
Lethal and semi-lethal traits in poultry and their mode of inheritance.
Quantitative traits. Inheritance of egg number, egg weight, growth rate,
livability, fertility, hatchability, egg quality and other economic traits.
Heritability and their estimates. Genetic correlations, their computation and
application. Selection methods for genetic improvement natural, artificial,
directional, disruptive and stabilizing. Individual selection and family
selection. Mass selection combined selection and indirect selection.
Construction of selection indices. Exploitation of additive and non-additive
gene effects. Selection for specific characters. Recurrent and reciprocal
recurrent selection. Part record versus complete record selection. Genotype
and environment interaction. Relative merits and demerits of different
methods of selection. Different methods of mating-pen mating, flock mating,
stud mating, shift mating, artificial insemination-collection and insemination
techniques, dilution, diluents and cryopreservation of semen. Inbreeding and
out-breeding. Pure-line breeding. Cross-breeding. Hybridization and hybrid
vigour in improving economic traits, 3-way and 4-way crossing and
development of hybrids. Modern trends in commercial poultry breeding.
Major genes and their usefulness in poultry breeding in tropics. Dwarf gene
and its usefulness in broiler breeding. Practical breeding programmes for
developing broilers, layers and rural poultry strains. Breeding and
management of other species of poultry. Selection for disease resistance.
Immunogenetics. Blood group systems. Biochemical polymorphism and
usefulness in poultry breeding. Development of transgenic chicken. Different
molecular techniques for estimation of genetic diversity and similarity
among breeds and lines of poultry. Scope of integrating quantitative and
molecular approaches for genetic selection in poultry.
Unit 2: Poultry Nutrition
Various nutrients and their role in poultry. Nutrient requirements of different
species of poultry as per Bureau of Indian Standards and National Research
Council of the USA. Partition of energy. Estimation of M.E. and T.M.E.
Essential and critical amino acids and their inter-relationships. Evaluation of
protein quality. Calorie protein ratio. Essential fatty acids. Essential vitamins
and minerals and their functions. Nutrients deficiency, toxicity, synergism
and antagonism. Nutrient requirements for various species of poultry. Factors
influencing the nutrient requirements. Naturally occurring toxicants, their
adverse effects on poultry and methods to overcome them. Fungal exotoxins
of feed origin, their adverse effects on poultry, and methods to overcome
them. Different systems of feeding wet mash, dry mash, crumble and pellet
feeding. Restricted and phase feeding programme. Male separate feeding.
Factors influencing the feed intake. Feed ingredients and sources of various
nutrients. Quality control and BIS specifications for feed ingredients.
Unconventional feed stuffs and their utilization for economic feed
formulation. Feed formulation for different species and groups. Least cost
pg. 66
