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physics week one

Newton's Laws of Motion consist of three fundamental principles that describe the behavior of objects in motion. The First Law states that an object remains at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force, the Second Law relates force, mass, and acceleration through the equation F=ma, and the Third Law asserts that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. These laws have practical applications in various fields, including driving and space exploration.

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physics week one

Newton's Laws of Motion consist of three fundamental principles that describe the behavior of objects in motion. The First Law states that an object remains at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force, the Second Law relates force, mass, and acceleration through the equation F=ma, and the Third Law asserts that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. These laws have practical applications in various fields, including driving and space exploration.

Uploaded by

mifahec223
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Topic: Newton's Laws of Motion

Date: January 20, 2025


Instructor: Mr. Thompson

1. Introduction to Newton's Laws

Newton’s three laws of motion are fundamental principles that describe how objects move and interact with forces. These laws apply to all
objects, regardless of their size or speed, and form the foundation of classical mechanics.

2. Newton's First Law: Law of Inertia


Statement: An object will remain at rest, or move in a straight line with constant speed, unless acted upon by a net external force.
Key Concept: Inertia is the tendency of objects to resist changes in their motion. The more massive an object is, the more inertia it has.

Example:

A book resting on a table will stay at rest unless you push it. If there’s no force, it won’t start moving by itself.

3. Newton's Second Law: F = ma (Force equals mass times acceleration)


Statement: The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it, and inversely proportional to its mass.

Formula:
F=maF=ma

Where:

FF is the net force (in Newtons, N)


mm is the mass of the object (in kilograms, kg)
aa is the acceleration of the object (in meters per second squared, m/s²)

Example:

If you push a car and a bicycle with the same force, the bicycle will accelerate faster because it has less mass than the car.

4. Newton's Third Law: Action and Reaction


Statement: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Key Concept: Forces always come in pairs. If object A exerts a force on object B, object B exerts an equal force in the opposite direction on
object A.
Example:

When you push a wall, the wall pushes back on you with an equal force. If the wall didn't push back, you would move through it (which
doesn’t happen because of the forces acting in opposite directions).

5. Applications of Newton’s Laws


Driving a car:

The car's motion is governed by all three of Newton's laws: inertia keeps the car moving when you let go of the gas, acceleration happens
when you press the pedal (related to the force applied), and braking shows action and reaction forces.

Space Exploration:

In space, there’s no friction to slow down spacecraft, but they still need a force (like rocket thrusters) to change direction or speed.

6. Key Equations to Remember:


1. F = ma
2. p = mv (momentum = mass × velocity)
3. W = Fd (Work = Force × distance)
7. Homework:
1. Page 102: Problems 1-10 on Newton’s Laws
2. Essay (Due next week): Discuss how Newton's Laws apply to the motion of a car during a crash.

8. End of Class Summary:


Newton's First Law explains why objects resist changes in their motion.
Newton's Second Law relates force, mass, and acceleration.
Newton's Third Law describes how forces always come in pairs, ensuring balanced interactions.

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