Women’s Liberation movements
Reforms
The Dowry Prohibition Act (1961): Dowry Prohibition Act, Indian law, enacted on
May 1, 1961, intended to prevent the giving or receiving of a dowry. Under the Dowry
Prohibition Act, dowry includes property, goods, or money given by either party to the
marriage, by the parents of either party, or by anyone else in connection with the
marriage. The Dowry Prohibition Act applies to persons of all religions in India.
The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act (2005): The Protection of
Women from Domestic Violence Act 200 is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted
to protect women from domestic violence. The law came into force on 26 October
2006. For the first time in Indian law, the Act defines "domestic violence", with the
definition being broad and including not only physical violence, but also other forms
of violence such as emotional, verbal, sexual and psychological abuse
Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (2015):Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao is a personal campaign
of the Government of India that aims to generate awareness and improve the
efficiency of welfare services intended for girls. The scheme was launched with an
initial funding of ₹100 crore (US$14 million). It mainly targets the clusters in Uttar
Pradesh, Haryana, Uttarakhand, Punjab, Bihar and Delhi.
Women Achievers
1. Indira Gandhi: was the first female Indian prime minister serving for three
consecutive terms 1966-77; for a fourth term from 1980. Indira Gandhi's
contributions in the freedom struggle created a far-reaching impact on
educating the children and youth of the country. For instance, in 1930, she
organised the "Bal Charkha Sangh" and "Vanar Sena" comprising young
children to support the Civil Disobedience Movement.
2. Mother Teresa: Mother Teresa believed that poverty was not merely the lack
of material wealth but also a departure from worldly company, leading to
spiritual destitution. To eradicate poverty, Mother Teresa gave immediate relief
and developed long-term solutions involving education, health care, and
empowering individuals to break the cycle of poverty.
3. Jessica Ennis-Hill: A retired British track and field athlete, she is best known
for her achievements in heptathlon. She was born on January 28, 1986, in
Sheffield, and became the gold medalist at the 2012 London Olympics, and
multiple titles from both the World and European Championships. Ennis-Hill is
celebrated for her determination and was central to the promotion of women's
athletics in the UK. After retiring in 2016, she has continued to inspire future
generations as a sports commentator and advocate for women in sports.
4. Malala Yousafzai: Malala Yousafzai is an activist from Pakistan who stands
for girls' education and is the youngest winner of the Nobel Prize. Born on July
12, 1997, she survived a Taliban assassination attempt in 2012 for her
outspoken advocacy. In 2014, at the age of 17, she received the Nobel Peace
Prize, sharing it with Kailash Satyarthi. She continues to support girls'
education through the Malala Fund and has become a Galleon of the fight for
women rights.
5. Kalpana Chawla: In 1997, she became the first woman of Indian descent to
fly in space when she was chosen as a mission specialist by NASA for the
Space Shuttle Columbia. At that time, the shuttle Super-nova was in orbit.
Women’s education through Ages in India
Bibliography
Global Data- Female literacy Rate in India
https://www.globaldata.com/data-insights/macroeconomic/female-literacy-rate-in-indi
a/
Statista
https://www.statista.com/statistics/1314156/india-educational-attainment-of-girls-by-y
ears-of-schooling/
Britannica
https://www.britannica.com
