Elementary Course

The Introductory Grammar Lesson

In order to understand American English, a person must learn why Americans think as they do.
From the beginning, American culture has been influenced by the Bible. Coins are stamped with
the sentence, "In God we trust." The pledge of allegiance includes the phrase, "one nation under
God." To understand American culture, a person must know something about the Bible, the Word
of God. Therefore, WEI has used stories from the Easy-to-Read Version of the Bible to illustrate
points of English grammar.
English grammar is the correct use of English words in sentences. It is the art of using the
English language to express thoughts clearly and effectively. By studying grammar, we learn to
connect words so that other people can understand what we say.
English grammar has two main divisions: (1) The Parts of Speech, and (2) The Sentence.
The Parts of Speech
All words in the English language may be divided into eight main groups or "parts of
speech": nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, prepositions,
conjunctions, and interjections.
1. A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, conditi on, feeling or event. There
are (a) common nouns and (b) proper nouns. a. A common noun names any of a class of
persons, places, things, conditions, feelings, or events. Examples: boy, girl, city, state,
country, mountain, river, love, joy, peace. A common noun never begins with a capital
letter except at the beginning of a sentence or when used with a proper noun. Examples:
Snake River, Lincoln Middle School. b. A proper noun is the official name of a person,
place, or thing. Examples: David, Mary, Dallas, Texas, Egypt, Everest, and Amazon. A
proper noun always begins with a capital letter.
2. A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun. Examples: I, you, he, she, it, we,
they, them, this, that, these, those, who, which, what. Sentence: "I love you." The pronoun
"I" is always capitalized.
3. An adjective is a word that describes or limits a noun or a pronoun. Examples: a, an, the,
one, my, our, your, her, his, its, their, red, big, good, evil, tall, short. Sentence: "Your
mother is a good woman."
4. A verb is a word that expresses an action or state of being. Examples of action
verbs are run, walk, fly, teach, learn, eat, sleep, and work. "They walk to school." State of
being verbs: be, is, am, are, feel, appear, sound, seem. Sentence: "They are tall."
5. An adverb is a word that describes or limits a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.
Examples: then, today, now, tomorrow, soon, here, there, everywhere, quickly,
beautifully, carefully, well, barely, nearly, completely. Sentence: "They walk quickly."
6. A preposition is a word that shows the relationship between a word that comes before it
and a noun or pronoun that follows it. Examples: in, at, by, near, to, from, into, before,
after, during, until, like. Sentence: "John ran to school."
7. A conjunction is a word that connects words, phrases, or clauses to one another.
Examples: and, but, yet. Sentence: "The son was hungry and needed money." The
conjunction "and" links the first part of the sentence with the second part.
8. An interjection is a word or group of words used to express sudden and strong feelings.
Examples: Ah! Oh! Wow! Oh no! Sentence: "Oh! How I want to go home!" By learning
the eight parts of speech and their meanings, you have taken a big step toward mastering
the English language.
The Sentence

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Now let us look briefly at the second major division of English grammar, The Sentence.
A sentence is a group of words joined together to express a complete thought. Every sentence is
made up of two main parts: (1) the subject, and (2) the predicate. 1. The subject is the part of the
sentence that tells who or what the sentence is about. For example, "God is love." In this
sentence, "God" is the subject. He is the person being discussed.
2. The predicate is the part of the sentence that tells what the subject is or does. The predicate
always includes a verb. In the sentence above, "is love" is the predicate. That is what is said
about God.
Types of Sentences
Sentences are divided into four classes according to the way they express a thought:
(1) declarative, (2) interrogative, (3) imperative, and (4) exclamatory.
1. A declarative sentence makes a statement about something and ends with a period (.).
Example: "A man had two sons."
2. An interrogative sentence asks a question and ends with a question mark (?). Example:
"What does all this mean?"
3. An imperative sentence makes a request or gives a command and ends with a period or an
exclamation point (!). Examples: "Hurry!" "Bring our best calf and kill it so that we can
celebrate." In imperative sentences, "you" is understood: (You) bring our best calf."
4. An exclamatory sentence says something with force and emotion and ends with an
exclamation point (!). Example: "My son was dead, but now he is alive again!"
Your Assignment
Now, read the story of the son who left home. This is the world's most famous short story. It is
found in the fifteenth chapter of the gospel of Luke, verses eleven through thirty-two (Luke
15:11-32). It is quoted from the Easy-to-Read Version of the Bible. After you read the story,
please answer the questions on the Answer Sheet.
Story of the Son Who Left Home
A man had two sons. The younger son said to his father, "Give me my part of all the things we
own." So, the father divided his wealth with his two sons.
The younger son gathered up all that he had and left. He traveled far away to another country.
There, he foolishly wasted his money. He spent everything that he had. Soon after that, the land
became very dry, and there was no rain. There was not enough food to eat anywhere in the
country. The son was hungry and needed money. So he went and got a job with one of the people
of that country. The man sent the son into the field to feed pigs. The son was so hungry that he
wanted to eat the food that the pigs were eating. But no person gave him anything.
The boy realized that he had been very foolish. He thought, "All of my father's servants have
plenty of food. But I am here, almost dead, because I have nothing to eat. I will leave and go to
my father. I will say to him, "Father, I have sinned against God and have done wrong to you. I
am not good enough to be called your son. But let me be like one of your servants."
While the son was still a long way off, his father saw him coming. The father felt sorry for his
son. So the father ran to him. He hugged and kissed his son. The son said, 'Father, I have sinned
against God and have done wrong to you. I am not good enough to be called your son."
"But the father said to his servants, 'Hurry! Bring the best clothes and dress him. Also, put a ring
on his finger and good shoes on his feet. Bring the fat calf. We will kill it and have plenty to eat.
Then, we can have a party. My son was dead, but now he is alive again! He was lost, but now he
is found!" So they began to have a party.

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The older son was in the field. He came closer to the house. He heard the sound of music and
dancing. So the older son called to one of the servant boys and asked, 'What does all this mean?'
The servant said, "Your brother has come back. Your father killed the fat calf to eat. Your father
is happy because your brother came home safely."
The older son was angry and would not enter the party. So his father went out to ask him to come
in. The son said to his father, "I have served you like a slave for many years. I have always
obeyed your commands. But you never even killed a goat for me. You never gave a party for me
and my friends. But your other son has wasted all your money on prostitutes. Then, he comes
home, and you kill the fat calf for him!"
But the father said to him, "Son, you are always with me. All that I have is yours, too. We must
be happy and have a party because your brother was dead, and now he is alive. He was lost, but
now he is found."'
Application
This famous story teaches us some important lessons about God and about ourselves.
1. People seek happiness in the wrong places. The younger son thought happiness was getting
away from his father's control and being free to have fun. In the end, he was miserable because
he was looking for happiness in the wrong places. People in today's world are making the same
mistake. They are seeking happiness in money, drugs, alcohol, sex, thrills, education, power,
fame, and beauty. But selfish living does not lead to joy. It leads to suffering and shame.
2. God loves us and does not want us to be ruined by evil. The younger son represents any person
who turns away from God to seek fame, fortune, and pleasure. The father in the story represents
God. When the younger son returned home, the father ran to meet him, hugged him, and kissed
him tenderly. That means that God loves us. When we turn away from evil and come to God, he
forgives us, welcomes us, and restores our dignity and honor.

Elementary Course

E. Grammar 1: Beginning

GRAMMAR LESSON 1: THE BEGINNING

Study and learn these vocabulary words and their definitions:
Vocabulary Words Definitions
universe all created things
sea a body of salt water smaller than an ocean
Earth third planet from the sun
create cause to exist
motion movement
night sunset until sunrise

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day sunrise until sunset
clouds mass of visible vapor in the sky
sun the earth revolves around it
stars lights seen at night in the sky
moon reflects the sun

Grammar Lesson: Nouns

A noun is a name of a person, place, thing, or idea.
 Examples:
o The 16th president of the United States was Abraham Lincoln.
 Abraham Lincoln is a person.
 United States is a place.
 President is a thing.

E. Grammar 2: God Finishes

Study and learn these vocabulary words and their definitions:

Vocabulary Words Definitions
still without motion
quiet without noise
fish an animal with fins and gills which lives in the water
birds animals covered with feathers and they fly
wild animals animals not used for work
tame animals animals used for work or pets
crawl to move slowly and low to the ground
noise unpleasant sound

Grammar Lesson: Proper Nouns

A proper noun is the proper name of a person, place, or thing. Proper nouns should always be
written with the first letter of the word capitalized.
 Example:
o Bianca is my daughter.
 Bianca is a proper noun and must be capitalized.
 Daughter is not a proper noun and should not be capitalized.
 Example:
o Karen and her dog Jack live in Alaska.

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 Karen, Jack, and Alaska are all proper nouns.

E. Grammar 3: Adam

Study and learn these vocabulary words and their definitions:

Vocabulary Words Definitions
physical material that can be seen and touched
dirt ground up soil and stone
brain organ that produces thought
garden a place to grow vegetables, fruits, or flowers
afraid frightened
duck a swimming bird
elephant very large animal with a trunk

Grammar Lesson: Nouns

Review: A noun is a person, place, or thing.
Person Place Thing
child school desk
son church diaper
president park park
Proper noun vs Common noun
 Proper noun: Adam, Eve, Snoopy
 Common noun: man, woman, dog

All nouns have properties such as:

1. Gender:
o Masculine: boy, brother, dad, king, uncle
o Feminine: girl, sister, mother, queen, daughter
2. Person:
o First person: I am speaking (Example: I am hungry.)
o Second person: Person being spoken to (Example: Susan, how old are you?)
o Third person: Person being spoken about (Example: John fell out of the tree.)
3. Number:
o Singular: names one person, place, or thing (Example: duck)
o Plural: names more than one (Example: ducks)

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Singular Plural

duck ducks

elephant elephants
garden gardens

E. Grammar 4: Eve
Study and learn these vocabulary words and their definitions:
Vocabulary words Definitions
'sleep' to rest
'rib' bone that supports the body
'fruits' sweet product of a plant
'berries' fruits from a vine, bush, or tree
'smarter' more intelligent
'human' people
'plan' design
Grammar Lesson: Nouns
All nouns have properties such as 1) gender, 2) person, 3) number, 4) case.
In this lesson we will look at person.
Review:
Person lets us know who the noun is about.
Examples:
First person names the person who is speaking. I am hungry.
Second person tells us who is being spoken to. Example: “Susan, how old are you?”
Third person tells us who is being spoken about. “John fell out of the tree.”

E. Grammar 5: Sin
Study and learn these vocabulary words and their definitions:
Vocabulary words Definitions
'snake' reptile
'terrible' very bad

'power' strength
'enemy' intends to harm
'disobey' does not obey

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'sin' miss the mark

'language' combining words
Grammar Lesson: Nouns
All nouns have properties such as 1) gender, 2) person, 3) number, 4) case.
In this lesson we will look at Number. (Case will be discussed in a more advanced course.)
Number - tells us how many.
Singular - names one person, place or thing.
Plural - names more than one person, place or thing.
Examples:
Singular Plural
duck ducks
elephant elephants
garden gardens
eye eyes

E. Grammar 6: Consequence
Study and learn these vocabulary words and their definitions:
Vocabulary words Definitions
'consequence' the result of an action or condition

'punish' to discipline
'stomach' belly
'crush' to break into small pieces
'defeat' to win a victory over
'sweat' perspiration

Grammar Lesson: Pronouns

Pronouns take the place of nouns. We use pronouns rather than repeating nouns again and again.
Examples: Adam and Eve lived and worked together. Adam and Eve ate fruit and berries from
the garden. Adam and Eve worked in the garden and Adam and Eve took care of the animals.
Adam and Eve also walked and talked to God just like good friends talk to each other. Adam and
Eve had many children and everything was perfect.
Now read this paragraph again:
Adam and Eve lived and worked together. They took care of the animals, they worked in the
garden, and they ate the fruits and berries. They also walked and talked to God just like good
friends talk to each other. They had many children and everything was perfect. You have seen in

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this paragraph that Adam and Eve are often replaced by the pronoun "they", which makes the
reading easier.
In this lesson we will learn about one type of pronoun.
Personal Pronoun: a pronoun that shows the “person” of the noun it replaces.
Example: They took care of the animals.
There are singular personal pronouns and plural personal pronouns.
Singular personal pronouns Plural personal pronouns
I we
my/mine our/ours
me us
myself ourselves
you you
your/yours your/yours
he/she/it they
his/her/hers/its their
him them
himself/herself/itself themselves

E. Grammar 7: Cain&Abel
Study and learn these vocabulary words and their definitions:
Vocabulary words Definitions
'farmer' raises crops and livestock
'gift' something given
'attacked' assaulted
'jealous' wanting what you do not have
'liar' a person not telling the truth
'murderer' has killed someone
Grammar Lesson: Indefinite pronouns
Indefinite pronoun refers to an unspecified person, place or thing.
Example: God promised to send someone to defeat Satan.
Notice the chart below:
Indefinite singular Indefinite plural pronouns
pronouns
another both

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anybody few
anyone many
anything all
each several
either
everybody
everyone
everything
neither
nobody
no one
one
nothing
other
somebody
someone
something
E. Grammar 8: Noah&Flood
Study and learn these vocabulary words and their definitions:
Vocabulary words Definitions
'violent' using extreme force
'ruined' to leave useless
'trust' able to have faith
'preached' spoke publicly on spiritual matters
'male' boy
'female' girl
'float' to stay on the top of the water or air
Grammar Lesson: Possessive pronouns
In this lesson we will learn about another type of pronoun.
A possessive pronoun is a personal pronoun which shows ownership or relationship. Some
possessive pronouns are used before nouns, while others are used alone.

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1. Possessive pronouns used before nouns are: my, our, your, his, her, its and their.
2. Possessive pronouns that cannot be used before nouns are: mine, ours, yours, hers and
theirs.
3. Possessive pronouns never take an apostrophe.

E. Grammar 9: Big Flood

Study and learn these vocabulary words and their definitions:
Vocabulary Words Definition
'dove' small wild pigeon bird
'mountain' land mass higher than a hill
'dried' all moisture removed
'leaf' grows from a stem, foliage
'promise' assurance, claim
'rainbow' bands of colors
'scientist' one educated in science
Grammar Lesson: In this lesson we will learn about another type of personal pronouns.
1. Demonstrative pronoun: tells which person, place or thing.
Example: This made the Lord sad in His heart.
2. Demonstrative pronouns are this, that, these, those.
This and that are singular.
These and those are plural.
This and these usually refer to the speaker.
That and those usually refer to someone else.

E. Grammar 10: Call of Abram

Study and learn these vocabulary words and their meanings:
Vocabulary words Definitions
'famous' well known
'blessed' made favorable
'descendants' future family members
'future' has not yet happened
'princess' daughter of a king
'laugh' to show amusement
Grammar Lesson: Adjectives
An adjective is a word used to describe a noun or a pronoun. An adjective answers these
questions: What kind? How many? Which one? How much?
Example: The brown cow ate grass. What kind of cow? A brown cow.

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E. Grammar 11: Promised Son

Study and learn these vocabulary words and their meanings:
Vocabulary words Definitions

'weak' not strong enough

'strong' to have physical power

'pregnant' will have a baby

'laughter' vocal sound made when happy

'faith' trust, believe

'knife' a sharp object used for cutting

'sacrificed' when a precious thing was offered to deity

Grammar Lesson: In this lesson we will learn about adjectives that compare.
1. A comparative adjective compares two objects and says that one is different than the
other. The comparative adjective is formed in two ways: By adding “er” to the adjective
or by using the words more or less in front of the adjective. Sometimes we need to
compare more than two things.
2. The superlative adjective compares three or more nouns and tells which one is greatest.
With some exceptions, you will use adjectives ending in “est” in this situation. You may
also use “most” or “least.”
3. E. Grammar 12: Isaac&Rebekah
4. Study and learn these vocabulary words and definitions:

Vocabulary words Definitions

'servant' works for another person

'travel' to go from one place to another

'country' land under one government

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'flocks' groups of birds

'herds' a number of like animals together

'expensive' costs a lot of money or valuable

5. Grammar Lesson: Sentence parts

6. A sentence has two parts.
7. The subject names someone or something.
8. The predicate tells what the subject is doing.
9. The predicate of a sentence tells what the subject is or does.
10. Example: The children played at the park. The children is the subject, played at the
park is the predicate.
11. E. Grammar 13: Marriage
12. Study and learn these vocabulary words and their definitions:

Vocabulary words Definitions

'meet' to come together

'camel' desert animal

'handsome' nice looking man

'veil' covering for the face

'comforted' to be cheered

'buried' put underground after death

'prayer' talking to God

13. Grammar Lesson: Verbs

14. Today, we will learn about action words called verbs. A verb is a word that expresses an
action, or a state of being.
15. Examples: ask, bring, climb, eat, go, make, stand, sit, work, play, and walk are all action
verbs.
16. E. Grammar 14: Twin Sons
17. Study and learn these vocabulary words and their definitions:

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Vocabulary words Definition

'fighting' not getting along

'ruler' authority, in charge

'hairy' has a lot of body hair

'tricky' not completely honest

'hunt' to search and kill wild animals for food

'trade' to give something in return for something else

'soup' meat and vegetables served in a liquid

18. Grammar Lesson: Verb tenses

19. Verbs have three tenses.
20. 1. Present tense is something that is happening right now.
21. Example: Ted pushes the cart.
22. 2. Past tense is something that has already happened. For a regular verb to become past
tense you simply add “ed” to the word.
23. Example: Ted pushed the cart.
24. 3. Future tense is something that will happen in the future and usually requires a helping
verb.
25. Example: Ted will push the cart later.
26. E. Grammar 15: The Blessing
27. Study and learn these vocabulary words and their definitions:

Vocabulary words Definitions

'wedding' marriage ceremony

'birthright' rights of the firstborn son

'work' to toil, to produce

'large' very big

'angry' displeased, upset

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'bitter' unable to forgive

'allow' permit, give o.k.

28. Grammar Lesson: Present tense verb forms - show that the action is happening now and
is ongoing.
29. Example: My mom loves me.
30. Verbs in the present tense usually have a singular and a plural form.
31. If the subject is singular, the verb tense must be singular. If the subject is plural, the verb
tense must be plural.
32. The present tense singular form of a verb does end with an 's'.
33. Examples:

Subject Present tense singular verb form

A horse walks.

A dog barks.

A cat purrs.

He/she/it laughs.

34. The present tense plural form of a verb does not end with an 's'.
35. Examples:

Subject Present tense plural verb form

Horses walk.

Dogs bark.

Cats purr.

I/we/you/they laugh.

E. Grammar 16: Joseph in Egypt

Study and learn these vocabulary words and their definitions:
Vocabulary words Definitions
'coat' outer covering for warmth

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'dreams' images that come during sleep

'bundles' items bound together
'bow' to lean forward in respect
'empty' nothing is there
'will' what you want to have happen
'important' significant
Grammar Lesson: Past tense verb forms show that the action took place in the past.
For regular verbs, the past tense form is created by adding “d” or “ed” to the base (present
tense) form of the verb. ( If a regular verb ends in a letter other than "e" we usually add "ed" to
form the past tense. )
Example: My dog barked at the postman. Notice the chart below:
Regular Verbs
Present Past
listen listened
jump jumped
lift lifted
add added
bake baked
chase chased
kill killed
Some verbs are made past tense by changing letters inside the verb. These verbs are
called irregular verbs. There are about 200 irregular English verbs. You will come to learn
these irregular verbs as you use them. A good English dictionary will tell you which verbs are
the irregular verbs.
Example: (Present) My sister sings. (Past) My sister sang. Try to remember the irregular verbs
below:
Irregular verbs
Present Past
speak spoke
swim swam
sing sang
eat ate
make made

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see saw
grow grew
become became
E. Grammar 17: Famine
Study and learn these vocabulary words and their definitions:
Vocabulary words Definitions
'crops' harvested fruits and vegetables
'hunger' the desire to eat
'starving' an urgent need to eat
'forgave' pardoned an offense
Grammar Lesson: Future tense verbs
Future tense means the action will happen in the future. A future tense verb is usually preceded
by a helping verb.
A helping verb is a verb that helps the main verb tell when or how something happens.
Example: "God will listen to our prayers." In this example sentence, “listen” is the main
verb and “will” is the helping verb.

E. Grammar 18: Moses

Study and learn these vocabulary words and their definitions:
Vocabulary Words Definitions
'drowned' died from not breathing under water
'floated' stayed on top of the water, or up in the air
'considered' gave deep thought to something
'watching' taking careful notice
'burning' on fire
Grammar Lesson: Review of helping verbs
Helping Verbs help the main verb tell when or how something happens.
The most common helping verb is the verb “be,” or one of its forms such as am, are, is,
was and were. Other helping verbs are can, do, have, may, must, shall and will.
A helping verb must agree with the subject in number, person and tense. To learn to speak and
write English properly, you must know all the various forms of the verb "be" and the other
helping verbs.
Memorize the charts below:
Present Tense Singular
1st person, I 2nd person, you 3rd person, he/she/it

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am are is
do do does
have have has
Present Tense Plural
1st person, we 2nd person, you 3rd person, they
are are are
do do do
have have have
Past Tense Singular
1st person, I 2nd person, you 3rd person, he, she, it

was were was

Past Tense Plural

1st person, we 2nd person, you 3rd person, they
were were were

E. Grammar 19: Exodus

Study and learn these vocabulary words and their definitions:
Vocabulary words Definitions

'believe' to have faith in what is stated

'punish' to impose a penalty as a consequence for wrong doing

'terrible' something dreadful or horrible

'disaster' a great misfortune

'hail' balls of ice which fall from the sky

'locusts' a destructive type of grasshoppers

'midnight' the middle of the night

'column' a long vertical formation

Grammar Lesson: Present participle and Past participle regular verbforms

The present participle regular verb form is made up of the root verb plus “ing” and always
follows the helping verb "be," or one of its forms (“am,” “are,” “is,” “was,” or “were”).

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Example: The Israelites are traveling into the desert.
The past participle regular verb form is made up of the root verb plus d, ed, or en and always
follows one of the helping verbs "have" or one of its forms (“has” or “had”).
Example: The king has freed the Israelites.
The following chart shows how regular verbs are formed:
Present Past Past Participle Present Participle

ask asked (have) asked (am) asking

bake baked (have) baked (am) baking

paint painted (have) painted (am) painting

start started (have) started (am) starting

Irregular Verbs do not follow the same pattern as do the regular verbs when making present
and past participles. There are about 200 irregular English verbs. There are no fixed rules for
these irregular verbs. You must either memorize them or consult your dictionary frequently. A
few of the most common irregular verbs are listed below:
Present Past Past Participle Present Participle
begin began (have) begun (am) beginning
break broke (have) broken (am) breaking
choose chose (have) chosen (am) choosing
do did (have) done (am) doing
eat ate (have) eaten (am) eating
fall fell (have) fallen (am) falling
fly flew (have) flown (am) flying
get got (have) gotten (am) getting
go went (have) gone (am) going
read read (have) read (am) reading
ride rode (have) ridden (am) riding
see saw (have) seen (am) seeing
sing sang (have) sung (am) singing
speak spoke (have) spoken (am) speaking
take took (have) taken (am) taking
write wrote (have) written (am) writing

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E. Grammar 20: Wilderness
Study and learn these vocabulary words and their definitions:
Vocabulary words Definitions
'sorry' to regret the situation
'catch' to capture after chasing
'stick' a piece of wood
'separated' not being together
'parted' separated one from another
'destroyed' to be ruined, or totally broken
'month' approximately 30 days
Grammar Lesson:Adverbs
Adverbs are words that modify (describe) verbs or adjectives. Adverbs describe actions by
answering questions like where, when, how, how much, and why.
Example: Moses went up the mountain quickly. How did Moses go up the mountain? Quickly.

E. Grammar 21: God's Rules

Study and learn these vocabulary words and their definitions:
Vocabulary words Definitions
commandments orders one must follow
statues solid images that represents something or someone
sabbath the 7th day of the week
honor to show respect
murder to take someone’s life
adultery to cheat on a spouse
steal to take something that is not yours
lie to tell an untruth
Grammar Lesson: Practice and review adverbs
Remember that adverbs answer questions about verbs and adjectives such as how, when, or
where.
He ran quickly. (how) I am eating now. (when) You sit there. (where)
E. Grammar 22: Joshua
Study and learn these vocabulary words and their definitions:
Vocabulary words Definitions
'enemies' ones who want to harm you
'river' a larger flowing body of water

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'spies' ones who watch secretly to collect information

'dwell' to remain in a place to live
'marched' stepped or walked in unison, in a military fashion
'trumpets' horn musical instruments, often blown as military signals
'Ark of the Covenant' a holy and sacred chest
Grammar Lesson: Homophones
Homophones are words that sound alike, but are not spelled alike and do not have the same
meaning.
Example: their, they’re, there
That is their house. They’re our neighbors. There is their dog

E. Grammar 23: David

Study and learn these vocabulary words and their definitions:

Vocabulary word Definitions

'tribe' a social group of families of several generations

'judge' to make a decision or a ruling about an issue

'insisted' took a firm stand about something required

'Goliath' A Philistine giant

'shake' to tremble with fear

'shepherd' one who looks after sheep

'battlefield' field where war is fought

'defeat' to win a victory over

'permission' to receive consent

Grammar Lesson: Homonyms

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Homonyms are two or more words that are pronounced the same but have different
meanings. Homonyms may be spelled the same, or have different spellings.

Examples:

Bank—a place to keep money

Bank—a slope beside a river

Tie—neck-wear
Tie—an equal score in a contest

To—a preposition meaning at, or toward

Too—also, or in addition
Two—a cardinal number

E. Grammar 24: King David

Study and learn these vocabulary words and their definitions:

Vocabulary words Definition

'sling' a weapon used for throwing stones

'smooth' having an even surface

'flew' became airborne

'stone' a piece of a rock, bigger than a pebble

'forehead' the part of the face above the eyes

'chased' followed rapidly in pursuit

'hero' a person greatly admired for achievements

'crowned' given the crown, made king

'military' things concerning the making of war

'poet' one who writes poetry

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'musician' one who sings or who plays a musical instrument

'conquered' defeated, overcome

Grammar Lesson: Synonyms and Antonyms

Synonyms - words with very similar meanings.

Examples: big, large; small, tiny.

Antonyms - words with opposite meanings.

Examples: large, small; fast, slow

TAKE EXAM

E. Grammar 25: King Solomon

Study and learn these vocabulary words and their definitions:
Vocabulary words Definition

'dream' images seen while asleep

'wisdom' understanding right and wrong

'rule' to govern
'temple' house of the Lord

'married' united

'false' incorrect or untrue

'divided' broken into parts

Grammar Lesson: Use of the words to, too, two:

1. To: suggests movement
Example: I am going to the store.
2. Too: also
Example: I am going to eat ice cream, too.
3. Two: the number 2
Example: Two of the puppies are solid brown.
E. Grammar 26: Elijah
Study and learn these vocabulary words and their definitions:
Vocabulary Definitions
words

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'south' a direction on a map, the compass point directly
opposite of north
'north' a direction on a map , the compass point directly
opposite of south
'prophet' one who speaks for God
'warned' informed of coming danger
'miraculous' something supernatural (not normal)
'contest' struggle for superiority
'priests' religious leaders who offer worship to a deity for the
people
'burned' destroyed by fire
'prove' to show or demonstrate accuracy
'prayed' spoken to God
'shout' a loud cry
Grammar Lesson:
Statements and questions:
1. A statement is a sentence that tells something. A statement ends with a period (.).
2. A question is a sentence that asks something. It ends with a question mark(?).
Both of these types of sentences begin with a capital letter.
Examples: Nan has a blue bicycle. What color bicycle does Nan have?

E. Grammar 27: Isaiah

Study and learn these vocabulary words and their definitions:
Vocabulary words Definitions
'vision' the ability to see
'throne' a chair for the king
'holy' set apart from all else, perfect in goodness
'lips' the edges of flesh around one’s mouth
'coal' hardened carbon fuel, or a burning ember glowing from heat
'erased' rubbed away to get rid of
'preach' to give a speech about God
'refused' rejected as unwanted

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'ignored' did not notice by choice
'urged' requested or demanded for action to begin
Grammar Lesson:
Review of Adverbs - an adverb describes adjectives, verbs or other adverbs.
Adverbs describe actions by telling when, where, how, how much, or why.
Example: The bird sang sweetly. How did the bird sing? Sweetly
Some adverbs confirm or deny.
Example: You certainly look like your mother. The word certainly confirms that you look like
your mother.
E. Grammar 28: Future
Study and learn these vocabulary words and their definitions:
Vocabulary Definitions
words
'future' a time that has not happened yet
'attract' to draw attention
'peace' no war or conflict
'virgin' a woman who has not been with a man sexually; pure
'prepared' to be ready
'suffering' the agony of pain or affliction
'humanity' the experience of being human
'accomplish' to complete a task
'cross' wooden beams on which prisoners suffered a cruel death as a
punishment
Grammar Lesson: Comparative adverbs
Comparative Adverbs- compare two or more actions. There are 3 degrees of comparison.
1. Positive degree - The philistine giant slowly walked toward David.
2. Comparative degree - Goliath walked more slowly than David did.
3. Superlative degree - Of all the Philistine soldiers, Goliath walked most slowly.
Some adverbs take the “er” ending when they are used to compare two actions.
Example: Your horse is slower than mine.
Most adverbs, however, are made comparative by adding “more” or “less” in front of the word.
Example: Your horse ran the race more slowly than my horse.
A few adverbs take the “est” ending to compare more than two actions.
Example: My horse ran the fastest of all the horses today.
Most adverbs are made superlative by adding “most” or “least” to the positive form.
Example: Your horse has the least experience of all the horses.
Notice the charts below:
Positive Comparative Superlative
early earlier earliest
fast faster fastest
long longer longest
close closer closest
Some adverbs have irregular forms of comparison.
Positive Comparative Superlative

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badly worse worst
far farther farthest
little less least
much more most
well better best
close closer closest

E. Grammar 29: The King is Born

Study and learn these vocabulary words and their definitions:
Vocabulary words Definitions
'pregnant' to be with child
'born' to come into this world
'rooms' divided spaces in a house
'rent' money paid to live in a house
'stable' a house for animals
'wrap' to cover tightly
'cattle'ss more than one cow
'savior' the one who saves people from their sins
'world' the earth with all of its inhabitants, the whole human race
'star' a heavenly body seen at night
Grammar Lesson: Prepositions
Prepositions show how a noun or pronoun relates to another part of the
sentence. Prepositions often show relationships of one noun to another.
Example : The cat is under the table.
A preposition usually comes before the noun or pronoun.
Prepositions can show place, direction, when, where, how, why, to whom and with whom.
Examples of commonly used prepositions:
about above across after against along
among around at before behind below
beneath beside between beyond by concernin
down during except for from in
inside into like near of off
on over past since through throughou
to toward under until up underneat
upon with within without where

E. Grammar 31: Jesus is God

Study and learn these vocabulary words and their definitions:
Vocabulary words Definitions
'heal' to make a sick one well or whole again
'forgive' to pardon
'fish' an animal with fins and gills that lives only in water
'blind' without sight

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'life' the state of having a living body; the time from birth to death
'dead' no longer alive
'lone' without company; by oneself
'cripple' one who has disabled limbs
Grammar Lesson: Limiting adjectives
Limiting adjectives - include articles, numerals and pronominal adjectives (pronoun-
adjectives).
(1.) The articles are the short words “a,” "an," and "the." The articles "limit"exact specific
things. a cat, an elephant, the girl
Article "a" is used before words that begin with a consonant sound.
Example: a ball, a cat
Article “an” is used before words beginning with a vowel sound.
Example: an elephant, an antique
Article “the” is a definite article.
Example: the girl, the wagon
(2.) Numerals - "limit" the number and order of things. five people, first child
Numerals that express a number without reference to order are called cardinal numerals.
Numerals that indicate position in an ordered series are called Ordinal numerals. Notice the
chart below:
Cardinal Ordinal
One 1 first 1st
Two 2 second 2nd
Three 3 third 3rd
Four 4 fourth 4th
Five 5 fifth 5th
Six 6 sixth 6th
Seven 7 seventh 7th
Eight 8 eighth 8th
Nine 9 ninth 9th
Ten 10 tenth 10th
(3.) Pronominal adjectives are pronounsthat are used like adjectives. Examples: these shoes,
some people
These shoes belong to Brian.
Which book needs to be returned to the library?
Some people drink coffee.
Many people drink tea.
Whose voice is that?
Take exam

E. Grammar 32: God's Kingdom

Study and learn these vocabulary words and their definitions:
Vocabulary Definitions
words
'change' to make different
'near' a short distance from; very close
'message' a communication

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'fisherman' a man who catches fish for a living
'Apostles' the chosen close followers of Jesus
'water' the liquid in rain, streams, rivers, lakes and oceans; the substance
needed for all life on earth
'spirit' the inner character or quality of life beyond the physical; the living
essence within our bodies
'earth' the dirt under our feet; the planet on which we live
'forever' never ending
'found' to have located
Grammar Lesson: Positive, Comparative, and Superlative Adjectives
Positive adjectives: describe a certain quality.
Example: A dark red apple fell from the tree.
Comparative adjectives: compare two objects.
Example: That lake is deeper than the one we saw yesterday.
Add “er” or more (more deep) or less (less deep)
Superlative adjectives: Compare three or more objects.
Example: That is the cutest kitten I’ve ever seen.
Add “est” or most (most cute) or least (least cute)
Review the charts below:
Regular comparative adjectives:
Positive Comparative Superlative
big bigger biggest
small smaller smallest
dangerous more dangerous most dangerous
expensive less expensive least expensive
Irregular comparative adjectives:
Positive Comparative Superlative
bad worse worst
good better best
little less least
many more most

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