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Lesson 7_ Introduction to Organs and the Digestive System

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Lesson 7_ Introduction to Organs and the Digestive System

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kianapmistry
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Lesson 7: Introduction to Organs and the Digestive System

Animal tissues:

Organ System:
A system of one or more organs and structures that work together to perform a vital body function such as
digestion or reproduction.

Homeostasis
A certain range of physical and chemical conditions
are required for the body to operate. Examples
Include:
●​ Blood sugar levels
●​ Blood oxygen levels
●​ Body temperature
The tendency of an organism to maintain a steady state condition is called homeostasis.

The digestive System:

Digestive System
The digestive system can be divided into two parts:
●​ Alimentary canal– open ended muscular tube that forms a digestive tract between the mouth and
the anus of an organism.
●​ Accessory organs– organs which produce secretions that assist in the digestive of food; food
does not pass through these organs.

Steps in the Digestive Process


1. INGESTION
●​ The process of taking food into the body by the mouth

2. DIGESTION
●​ The process of breaking food down into smaller components
Two types of digestion:
-​ Mechanical Digestion
-​ Chemical Digestion
3. ABSORPTION
●​ Involves broken down food particles leaving the digestive tract and moving to the blood transport
system.
●​ 80% of absorption occurs in the small intestine
●​ 20% of absorption occurs in the stomach and large intestine
4. EGESTION
●​ Removal of solid waste (materials not absorbed by the body)

Mechanical vs. Chemical Digestion


Mechanical Digestion:
-​ Physical breakdown of food into smaller parts
-​ (no chemical change)

Where this occurs:


●​ The MOUTH
-​ (biting, tearing, grinding, chewing)

●​ The STOMACH
-​ (muscular churning)

Chemical Digestion:
-​ Chemical breakdown of food into particles so small that they are able to be absorbed into the
bloodstream and into the cells of the body.
-​ The chemical breakdown of food involves ENZYMES and DIGESTIVE JUICES.
-​ Enzyme: protein that speeds up the rate of a biological reaction without being used up in the
reaction

Where does this occur?


●​ Mouth
-​ Salivary amylase (enzyme) breaks down food

●​ Stomach
-​ (HCl begins to break down food)

●​ Intestines
-​ (many different enzymes & digestive juices)

Major Parts of the Digestive System

Mouth
●​ Aids in mechanical breakdown
●​ Releases enzymes for chemical digestion
●​ Releases saliva to soften food
-​ Easier to pass into esophagus

Esophagus
●​ Muscular tube connecting mouth to stomach
●​ Contains smooth muscle tissue
-​ Allows esophagus to relax and contract
-​ Contractions that allow food to move along → peristalsis

The Stomach
●​ Main function → to hold and churn food
●​ Stomach lining secretes digestive enzymes and acids
●​ Smooth muscle → allows stomach to contract to mix stomach contents

The Intestines
●​ Between stomach and anus
●​ Has cells that secrete mucus → helps lubricate food
●​ Has lots of blood vessels interlaced through it
-​ Allows nutrients to be absorbed into the blood from the digesting food

Small Intestine
-​ Approx 6 m long and narrow
-​ Most absorption of food nutrients occurs here

Large Intestine
-​ A.k.a. Colon
-​ 1.5 m long but larger in diameter
-​ Most absorption of water occurs here
-​ Remaining solid matter excreted as feces

Accessory Organs:
THESE ARE NOT PART OF THE ACTUAL TRACT, however they play a crucial role in digestion!

Liver
●​ Produces bile → helps with digesting food
●​ Detoxifies substances in the body

Pancreas
●​ Releases enzymes
●​ Important hormone released → insulin
-​ Allows our cells to use the sugars we ingest

Gallbladder
●​ Stores and releases acids to help in the digestion of food
●​ Holds the bile that the liver produced until it is needed for digesting fatty foods in the SI

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