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Lesson - 2

Chemistry

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Lesson - 2

Chemistry

Uploaded by

Gowthdo
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LESSON – 2

QUANTUM MECHANICAL MODEL OF AN ATOM


27. How many orbitals are possible for n = 4?
If n = 4, the possible number of orbitals are calculated as follows –
n = 4, main shell = N
If n = 4, l values are 0, 1, 2, 3
If l = 0, 4s orbital = 1 orbital
If l = 1, m = -1,0, +1 = 3 orbitals
If l = 2, m = -2,-1,0, +1,+2 = 5 orbitals
If l = 3, m = -3,-2,-1,0, +1,+2,+3 = 7 orbitals
∴ Total number of orbitals = 16

29. The stabilization of a half filled d-orbital is more pronounced than that of
the p-orbital. Why?
The exactly half filled orbitals have greater stability.
The reason for their stability are – 1. symmetry 2. exchange energy.
(1) Symmetry: The half filled orbitals are more symmetrical than partially
filled orbitals and this symmetry leads to greater stability.
(2) Exchange energy: The electrons with same spin in the different orbitals of
the same sub shell can exchange their position. Each such exchange release
energy and this is known as exchange energy. Greater the number of
exchanges, greater the exchange energy and hence greater the stability. In d-
orbital, 10 exchanges are possible but in p-orbital 6 exchanges are possible.
So, d – orbital with 5 unpaired electrons (10 exchanges)n i.e. half filled is
more stable than p – orbital with 3 unpaired electrons (6 exchanges).

32. Define orbital? What are the n and l values for 3px and 4dx2-y2 electron?
(i) Orbital is a three dimensional space which the probability of finding the
electron is maximum.

35. Determine the values of all four quantum numbers of the 8th electron in O-
atom and 15th electron in Cl atom
(1) O (Z = 8) 1s2 2s2 2px2 2py1 2pz1
Four quantum numbers for 2px1 electron in oxygen atom.
n = principal quantum number = 2
l = azimuthal quantum number =1
m = magnetic quantum number =+1
s = spin quantum number = + 1/2

(2) Cl (Z = 17) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3px2 3py2 3pz1


Four quantum numbers for 15th electron in chlorine atom.
n = principal quantum number = 3
l = azimuthal quantum number =1
m = magnetic quantum number =+1/0/-1
s = spin quantum number = + 1/2

39. Give the electronic configuration of Mn2+ and Cr3+?


Electronic configuration of Mn – [Ar]4s23d5
Electronic configuration of Mn2+ – [Ar]3d5

Electronic configuration of Cr – [Ar]4s13d5


Electronic configuration of Cr3+ – [Ar]3d3

41. An atom of an element contains 35 electrons and 45 neutrons. Deduce


a) the number of protons
b) the electronic configuration for the element
c) All the four quantum numbers for the last electron
An element X contains 35 electrons, 45 neutrons
i. The number of protons must be equal to the number of electrons.
So the number of protons = 35.

ii. Number of electrons = 35.


So the electronic configuration is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p5 .

iii. The last electron i.e. 5th electron in 4p orbital has the following quantum
numbers. n = 4, l = 1, m = +1, s = +1/2

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