www.dynamicpapers.

com

Mark Scheme (Results)

October 2024

Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Level

In Chemistry (WCH15)
Paper 01 Transition Metals and Organic Nitrogen
Chemistry
 www.dynamicpapers.com

Edexcel and BTEC Qualifications

Edexcel and BTEC qualifications are awarded by Pearson, the UK’s largest awarding body. We provide
a wide range of qualifications including academic, vocational, occupational and specific programmes
for employers. For further information visit our qualifications websites at www.edexcel.com or
www.btec.co.uk. Alternatively, you can get in touch with us using the details on our contact us page
at www.edexcel.com/contactus.

Pearson: helping people progress, everywhere

Pearson aspires to be the world’s leading learning company. Our aim is to help everyone progress in
their lives through education. We believe in every kind of learning, for all kinds of people, wherever
they are in the world. We’ve been involved in education for over 150 years, and by working across 70
countries, in 100 languages, we have built an international reputation for our commitment to high
standards and raising achievement through innovation in education. Find out more about how we
can help you and your students at: www.pearson.com/uk

October 2024
Question Paper Log Number P80664A
Publications Code WCH15_01_2410_MS
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2024
 www.dynamicpapers.com

General Marking Guidance

• All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must

mark the first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the
last.
• Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be
rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather than
penalised for omissions.
• Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according
to their perception of where the grade boundaries may lie.
• There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme
should be used appropriately.
• All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded.
Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the
answer matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also be
prepared to award zero marks if the candidate’s response is not
worthy of credit according to the mark scheme.
• Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the
principles by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may
be limited.
• When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark
scheme to a candidate’s response, the team leader must be
consulted.
• Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has
replaced it with an alternative response.
 www.dynamicpapers.com

Using the Mark Scheme

Examiners should look for qualities to reward rather than faults to penalise. This does NOT
mean giving credit for incorrect or inadequate answers, but it does mean allowing candidates
to be rewarded for answers showing correct application of principles and knowledge.
Examiners should therefore read carefully and consider every response: even if it is not what is
expected it may be worthy of credit.

The mark scheme gives examiners:

• an idea of the types of response expected
• how individual marks are to be awarded
• the total mark for each question
• examples of responses that should NOT receive credit.

/ means that the responses are alternatives and either answer should receive full credit.
( ) means that a phrase/word is not essential for the award of the mark, but helps the examiner
to get the sense of the expected answer.

Phrases/words in bold indicate that the meaning of the phrase or the actual word is essential
to the answer.
ecf/TE/cq (error carried forward) means that a wrong answer given in an earlier part of a
question is used correctly in answer to a later part of the same question.

Candidates must make their meaning clear to the examiner to gain the mark. Make sure that
the answer makes sense. Do not give credit for correct words/phrases which are put together
in a meaningless manner. Answers must be in the correct context.

Quality of Written Communication

Questions which involve the writing of continuous prose will expect candidates to:
• write legibly, with accurate use of spelling, grammar and punctuation in order to make the
meaning clear
• select and use a form and style of writing appropriate to purpose and to complex subject
matter
• organise information clearly and coherently, using specialist vocabulary when appropriate.

Full marks will be awarded if the candidate has demonstrated the above abilities. Questions
where QWC is likely to be particularly important are indicated (QWC) in the mark scheme, but
this does not preclude others.
 www.dynamicpapers.com
Section A

Question
Answer Mark
Number
1 The only correct answer is B ([Ar] 3d5 4s1) (1)

A is incorrect because it more stable for a 4s electron to occupy a 3d orbital to give a half-filled 3d subshell

C is incorrect because this would result in repulsion from two electrons in the same 3d orbital

D is incorrect because the 4p orbitals are much higher in energy than either the 3d or the 4s orbitals which are
occupied preferentially

Question
Answer Mark
Number
2 The only correct answer is B (Ni2+) (1)

A is incorrect because all the 3d orbitals are fully occupied in this ion

C is incorrect because none of the 3d orbitals is occupied in this ion

D is incorrect because all the 3d orbitals are fully occupied in this ion
 www.dynamicpapers.com

Question
Answer Mark
Number
3 The only correct answer is C (36.4 %) (1)

A is incorrect because this is the percentage of only one chlorine in the complex ion

B is incorrect because this is the percentage of two chlorines in the compound and not the complex ion

D is incorrect because this is the total percentage of chlorine in the compound and not the complex ion

Question
Answer Mark
Number
4(a) The only correct answer is C (peroxodisulfate ions and iodide ions are both negatively charged) (1)

A is incorrect because peroxodisulfate ions are strong oxidising agents

B is incorrect because iodide ions are strong reducing agents

D is incorrect because the stoichiometry of the reaction does not affect the activation energy

Question
Answer Mark
Number
4(b) The only correct answer is C (the iron(II) ions can be easily oxidised and then reduced) (1)

A is incorrect because the iron(II) ions are not reduced to iron

B is incorrect because iron(II) ions are a homogenous catalyst

D is incorrect because the iron(II) ions are oxidised and not reduced
 www.dynamicpapers.com

Question
Answer Mark
Number
5 (1)
The only correct answer is D (strong acid and strong alkali)

A is incorrect because chromium(III) hydroxide is insoluble in water

B is incorrect because chromium(III) hydroxide also dissolves in strong alkalis

C is incorrect because chromium(III) hydroxide also dissolves in strong acids

Question
Answer Mark
Number
6(a) The only correct answer is A (95.1 %) (1)

B is incorrect because this is the value from dividing the masses

C is incorrect because this is the value from dividing the two molar masses

D is incorrect because this is the value from using the masses the wrong way round

Question
Answer Mark
Number
6(b) (1)
The only correct answer is C (the sample of 1-nitronaphthalene was damp)

A is incorrect because this would result in a yield below 100%

B is incorrect because this is likely to give a yield below 100%

D is incorrect because the presence of isomers would not result in a yield of more than 100%
 www.dynamicpapers.com

Question
Answer Mark
Number
7(a) The only correct answer is A (NaNO2 + HCl → HNO2 + NaCl) (1)

B is incorrect because the equation shows the formation of nitric acid and not nitrous acid

C is incorrect because nitrous acid is not formed from sodium nitrate and hydrochloric acid

D is incorrect because sodium and chlorine are not produced in the reaction between sodium nitrite and
hydrochloric acid

Question
Answer Mark
Number
7(b) (1)

The only correct answer is D ( )

A is incorrect because there should be a triple bond between the nitrogen atoms

B is incorrect because there should be a triple bond between the nitrogen atoms

C is incorrect because the positive charge is should be on the nitrogen bonded to the benzene ring
 www.dynamicpapers.com
Question
Answer Mark
Number
7(c) (1)

The only correct answer is A ( )

B is incorrect because the phenol group would not be substituted in a coupling reaction

C is incorrect because the amine group would not be substituted in a coupling reaction

D is incorrect because two diazonium ions do not couple together to make an azo dye

Question
Answer Mark
Number
8(a) The only correct answer is D (2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid) (1)

A is incorrect because the longest consecutive chain of carbon atoms is three including the carboxy functional group
which has priority in the name over the alcohol functional group

B is incorrect because the longest consecutive chain of carbon atoms is three and the hydroxy group is not on
carbon 1

C is incorrect because the hydroxy group is on the third carbon of the chain
 www.dynamicpapers.com
Question
Answer Mark
Number
8(b) (1)

The only correct answer is A ( )

B is incorrect because the alcohol group does not react with the sodium hydroxide

C is incorrect because the amine group will not be protonated in sodium hydroxide solution

D is incorrect because the alcohol group does not react with the sodium hydroxide and the amine group will not be
protonated in sodium hydroxide solution

Question
Answer Mark
Number
9 The only correct answer is B (62 %) (1)

A is incorrect because this is the value calculated from an additional, incorrect hydrogen atom included on the
propanone structure

C is incorrect because this is the molar mass of phenol

D is incorrect because this is the molar mass of phenol with an additional, incorrect hydrogen included
 www.dynamicpapers.com
Question
Answer Mark
Number
10(a) The only correct answer is B (all have similar lengths) (1)

A is incorrect because aromatic systems have similar carbon-carbon bond lengths

C is incorrect because aromatic systems have similar carbon-carbon bond lengths

D is incorrect because aromatic systems have an intermediate bond length between that of a carbon-carbon double
bond and a carbon-carbon single bond

Question
Answer Mark
Number
10(b) The only correct answer is C (p orbitals) (1)

A is incorrect because the s orbitals are involved in the formation of sigma and not pi bonds

B is incorrect because the aromatic pi bonds are not formed from the overlap of d orbitals

D is incorrect because the aromatic pi bonds are not formed from the overlap of d orbitals
 www.dynamicpapers.com
Question
Answer Mark
Number
11 (1)

The only correct answer is D ( )

A is incorrect because the repeat unit is for a nylon made from an amine with ten-carbons and an eight-carbon
dicarboxylic acid

B is incorrect because the repeat unit is for a nylon made from a twelve-carbon dicarboxylic acid

C is incorrect because the repeat unit is for a nylon made from a ten-carbon diamine and a six-carbon dicarboxylic
acid

Question
Answer Mark
Number
12 The only correct answer is B (hydrogen bonds) (1)

A is incorrect because it is possible for covalent bonds to be involved in adsorption

C is incorrect because it is possible for London forces be involved in adsorption

D is incorrect because it is possible for permanent dipole-induced dipole forces to be involved in adsorption
 www.dynamicpapers.com

Question
Answer Mark
Number
13 The only correct answer is D (V2O5 + SO2 → V2O4 + SO3 then V2O4 + ½O2 → V2O5) (1)

A is incorrect because the catalyst reacts first with sulfur dioxide followed by oxygen and V2O6 does not exist

B is incorrect because V2O is not the intermediate formed in this reaction

C is incorrect because the catalyst reacts first with sulfur dioxide followed by oxygen and VO3 does not exist

Question
Answer Mark
Number
14 (1)

The only correct answer is D ( )

A is incorrect because there is an initial slow rate before speeding up

B is incorrect because there is an initial slow rate before speeding up

C is incorrect because the rate slows as the reactant concentration decreases

 www.dynamicpapers.com
Section B

Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
15(a) Examples of diagram (2)

• diagram of hydrogen bond including lone pair

(of electrons) (1)

• dipoles on N, H and O
and
linearity about the central H of the hydrogen bond, e.g. (1)
N: …. H−O or O: …. H−N

Allow butyl group C4H9 / R

Allow dotted/dashed line without label in M1
Do not award M1 if the lone pair is not included in the
hydrogen bond
If multiple hydrogen bonds drawn then all have to be
correct to score (2)
 www.dynamicpapers.com
Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
15(b) Example of calculation (2)

• calculation of moles of butylamine (1) n=(15 x 10−3 ÷ 73) = 2.0548 x 10−4 (mol)

• calculation of number of butylamine molecules (1) N=(2.0548 x 10−4 x 6.02 x 1023 )

N= 1.2370 x 1020

Ignore SF except 1SF

Correct answer without working scores (2)

TE on incorrect molar mass value/ omission of x 10−3/

TE on incorrect number of moles
Allow (1) N= 9.03 x 1021 due to (15 x 10−3 x 6.02 x 1023)
 www.dynamicpapers.com
Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
15(c) Example of equation (2)

• structure of
N-butyl ethanamide (1)

• rest of equation correct (1) Allow

Allow the ‘cis’ orientation of the CONH group

Ignore state symbols even if incorrect
Ignore any attempts at mechanisms

M2 dependent on M1

Allow (1) for non-displayed formulae of the organic molecules

Allow (1) for equation with propanoyl chloride instead of ethanoyl chloride or
propylamine instead of butylamine
 www.dynamicpapers.com
Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
15(d) An explanation that makes reference to the following points: Accept reverse arguments (3)

• the nitrogen (atom) has a lone pair

or
acts as a base by accepting a proton (1) Allow butylamine accepts protons more readily

• (butylamine is a stronger base) because there is greater Allow reference to NH2 group for the nitrogen
electron density on the nitrogen (atom) (1) Ignore references to electronegativity
Do not award the nitrogen is more negative

• as a result of the butyl/alkyl group releasing electron Accept reference to the positive inductive effect of
density (to the nitrogen atom) (1) the alkyl group
Allow reference to electron ‘pushing’ for releasing
Allow reference to methyl group of butylamine being
electron-releasing/donating

Ignore references to the positive charge being more

distributed for stability with butylamine

(Total for Question 15 = 9 marks)

 www.dynamicpapers.com
Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
16 Example of calculation: (6)

• (M1) calculation of moles of manganate(VII) (1) n(MnO4−) =(0.0125 x 0.01620)= 2.025 x 10−4/0.0002025 (mol)

• (M2) calculation of moles of iron(II) from titre (1) n(Fe2+) =(2.025 x 10−4 x 5= ) 1.0125x 10−3 / 0.0010125 (mol)

• (M3) calculation of moles of iron(II) in flask (1) n(Fe2+) =(1.0125 x 10−3 x 4= ) 4.05 x 10−3 / 0.00405 (mol)

Either
• (M4) calculation of mass of iron in g (1) m(Fe2+) =(4.05 x 10−3 x 55.8= ) 0.22599 / 2.2599 x 10−1 (g)

(M5) calculation of mass of iron in mg in 25 cm3 (1) m(Fe2+) =(0.22599 x 1000 = ) 225.99 (mg)

• (M6) volume required for a 90 mg dose to 2/3 SF (1) V(Fe2+) = ( 90 ÷ 225.99 x 25 = ) = 10 / 9.96 (cm3)

Or
• (M4) conversion of mass to mg (1) 90 x 10−3 / 0.090 (g)

• (M5) calculation of moles of iron in advised dose (1) n(Fe2+) =(0.090 ÷ 55.8 = ) 1.6129 x 10−3/0.0016129 (mol)

• (M6) volume required for a 90 mg dose to 2/3 SF (1) V(Fe2+) =(0.0016129 ÷ 0.00405 x 25 = ) 10 / 9.96 (cm3)

Correct answer with some working scores (6)

Ignore SF in M1 to M5
TE at each stage

Intermediate acceptable rounding gives 9.94 (cm3) for (6)

Use of Fe = 56 gives 9.92 (cm3) for (6)
Ignore any errors in units during calculation

(Total for Question 16 = 6 marks)

 www.dynamicpapers.com

Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
*17(a) This question assesses the student’s ability to show a coherent and Guidance on how the mark scheme should be applied. (6)
logically structured answer with linkages and fully sustained
reasoning. The mark for indicative content should be added to
the mark for lines of reasoning. For example, a
Marks are awarded for indicative content and for how the answer is response with five indicative marking points that is
structured and shows lines of reasoning. partially structured with some linkages and lines of
reasoning scores 4 marks (3 marks for indicative
The following table shows how the marks should be awarded for content and 1 mark for partial structure and some
indicative content. linkages and lines of reasoning).
Number of indicative marking Number of marks awarded for
If there were no linkages between the points, then the
points seen in answer indicative marking points
same indicative marking points would yield an overall
6 4 score of 3 marks (3 marks for indicative content and
5-4 3 no marks for linkages).
3-2 2
1 1
0 0 In general it would be expected that
5 or 6 indicative points would get 2 reasoning marks
The following table shows how the marks should be awarded for 3 or 4 indicative points would get 1 reasoning mark
structure and lines of reasoning 0, 1 or 2 indicative points would get zero reasoning
marks
Number of marks awarded
for structure of answer and If there is any incorrect chemistry, deduct mark(s)
sustained lines of reasoning from the reasoning. If no reasoning mark(s) awarded
Answer shows a coherent logical 2 do not deduct mark(s).
structure with linkages and fully
Comment: Look for the indicative marking points
sustained lines of reasoning
first, then consider the mark for the structure of the
demonstrated throughout
answer and sustained line of reasoning
Answer is partially structured 1
with some linkages and lines of
reasoning
 www.dynamicpapers.com
Answer has no linkages between 0
points and is unstructured Allow IPs to be credited for labelled diagram
Allow CO for Co
Indicative content Allow the electrodes to be on either side

IP1 description/diagram of standard hydrogen electrode with H2(g)

and Pt

IP2 conditions of 1 atm and 1.0 mol dm−3 HCl((aq)) and 298 K/25oC Allow H+ for HCl

IP3 description of salt bridge using filter paper soaked in (saturated) Allow use of gel/agar with KNO3
KNO3(aq) Allow use of other soluble compounds e.g. KCl

IP4 use of a 1.0 mol dm−3 named cobalt salt solution e.g. Accept any soluble cobalt salt
Co(NO3)2(aq) Allow reference to solution without aqueous
Do not award cobalt hydroxide

IP5 description of a cobalt electrode and (high resistance) voltmeter The circuit needs to be completed which requires
(with connecting wires) to complete the circuit a salt bridge but can just be a line for this IP
Do not award this IP if solutions not shown or salt
bridge not dipping into solutions

IP6 reference to how the data obtained in the experiment is used to Allow voltmeter reading = standard electrode
determine the electrode potential of the cobalt(II)/cobalt electrode potential for cobalt
system Allow reference to calculating Eocell

If IP3 and IP4 not awarded then allow one IP if the

salt bridge is not described but KNO3 mentioned
and 1.0 mol dm−3 Co2+ referred to without the salt

Ignore references to cathode and anode/

positive and negative electrodes even if incorrect
 www.dynamicpapers.com
Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
17(b) An explanation that makes reference to the following points: (3)

• (the oxidation of chloride to chlorine is) Allow the chlorine electrode system is more
not (thermodynamically) feasible (under standard conditions) electropositive than the dichromate so oxidation of
as chloride is not thermodynamically feasible
Eocell = −0.03 (V)
(but only marginally) (1) Allow just not feasible as Eocell = −0.03 (V)

• (however) using concentrated acid shifts the chlorine

electrode system equilibrium (to the left) Two aspects required for M2:
and 1. Shift in equilibrium / reaction
reduces the chlorine electrode potential / reaction feasible 2. Effect on the electrode potential/ Eocell

or
Do not award if M2 reasoning is given with a
(however) the concentrated acid shifts the dichromate statement that the Ecell becomes negative/not feasible
electrode system to the right
and Do not award M2 if one line of reasoning is correct
increases the dichromate electrode potential / reaction feasible but the other incorrect (+1 −1)

or

shifts the overall equation to the right

and
the Eocell value positive/reaction feasible (1)

• (so) producing toxic chlorine (gas) (1)

 www.dynamicpapers.com

Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
17(c) Example of equation (1)
• reduction half-equation VO2+ + 2H+ + e(-) → VO2+ + H2O
Allow use of ⇌
Allow multiples
Ignore state symbols even if incorrect
Ignore species written above the arrow

Do not award if oxidation half-equation unless the

reduction half-equation is clearly identified
 www.dynamicpapers.com
Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
17(d)(i) Example of equation (1)

• oxidation half-equation CH3OH + H2O → 6H+ + CO2 + 6e(-)

Allow use of ⇌
Allow multiples
Ignore state symbols even if incorrect

Allow CH3OH + 7H2O → 6H3O+ + CO2 + 6e(-)

Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
17(d)(ii) Example of equation: (1)

• overall equation CH3OH + 1½O2 → CO2 + 2H2O

Allow use of ⇌
Allow multiples/decimals/fractions
Ignore state symbols even if incorrect
No TE from part (i)

Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
17(d)(iii) Example of calculation: (1)

• calculation of concentration X c(X) = inverse ln (((1.20 – 1.23) ÷ 4.277 x 10−3))

= 8.9897 x 10−4 (mol dm−3)

Ignore SF except 1SF

Do not award 9 x 10−4
Ignore any units given with the numerical value
(Total for Question 17 = 13 marks)
 www.dynamicpapers.com
Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
18(a)(i) An explanation that makes reference to the following points: (3)

• splitting in energy of d sub-shell/ d orbitals by water water/ligands and

ligands (1) split the energy of the d-subshell/d-orbitals
Do not award d orbital (singular)
Allow degenerate d orbitals split into
non-degenerate d orbitals by water ligands

• absorption of light/photon/ (visible) light/photon/(electromagnetic)

(electromagnetic) radiation/energy radiation/energy is absorbed
and and
electronic transition (1) promoting electrons from lower to higher energy
Allow light etc causes d-d electron transitions
Ignore colour absorbed
Do not award reference to electron de-excitation

• origin of observed colour of complex ion (1) colour due to reflected/transmitted light
Allow due to wavelengths/frequencies of light that
are not absorbed
Allow complementary colour observed
Do not award reference to emission/release of light
 www.dynamicpapers.com
Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
18(a)(ii) An answer that makes reference to two of the following points: (2)

• the oxidation number of the iron is different in the two Allow reference to the charge on the iron ion is
complexes (1) different but ignore just stating formulae
Allow reference to the number of d orbital
electrons is different
Ignore reference to just number of electrons unless
qualified

• (which results in a) different energy gap (1) Ignore reference to splitting of a singular d orbital
(due to different splitting of d orbitals) Do not award an energy gap between 4s and 3d

• (and so) different wavelength/frequency of light Ignore references to detailed explanations of

required/ absorbed (1) colours even if incorrect as this is addressed in (i)
(to promote electron(s)) Ignore reference to energy
Ignore just reflection of colour

Penalise once only reference to different ligands

 www.dynamicpapers.com
Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
18(b)(i) Examples of diagram: (2)

• eight electrons around the S and the N using

_
appropriate symbols with the triangle on the S (1)

• eight electrons around the C using appropriate symbols (1)

Allow one mark for a diagram with all dots/

all crosses/all triangles

Accept the pairs to be vertical

Allow electrons not in pairs

Allow(2) for the alternative shown with two dative

covalent bonds
 www.dynamicpapers.com

Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
18(b)(ii) An answer that makes reference to the following points: (3)

• (formula) [Fe(H2O)5SCN]2+ (1) Allow missing square brackets

Ignore any drawing if formula given, even if
incorrect
(justification)
• calculation of moles of Fe3+ n(Fe3+) = 0.0128 x 0.05 = 6.4 x 10−4 / 0.00064 (mol)
and
calculation of moles of SCN− (1) n(SCN−) = 0.008 x 0.08 = 6.4 x 10−4/ 0.00064 (mol)
Ignore SF
• 1:1 ratio
(indicates one thiocyanate ion in octahedral complex Allow evidence of division to get a value of 1
which has six ligands so gives 5 water molecules) (1)
 www.dynamicpapers.com

Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
18(c)(i) Example of graph (3)

• labelled axes with unit (1)

• all points plotted accurately

and
line of best fit including (0,0) (1)

• scale to ensure points cover over (1)

half the graph paper in both
directions
 www.dynamicpapers.com

Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
18(c)(ii) Example of graph (2)

• use of graph to determine (1)

concentration from 0.72
absorbance

Allow answers in the range from 0.255 – 0.265 (mol dm−3)

Do not award M1 if working absent from graph
• calculation of original Scaling up from diluted concentration
concentration (1) =0.26 x (250 ÷ 50) = 1.3 (mol dm−3)
Allow answers in the range 1.275 – 1.325 (mol dm−3) from 0.255 – 0.265
Ignore SF except 1SF
TE from incorrect graphical reading
 www.dynamicpapers.com
Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
18(c)(iii) An answer that makes reference to the following point (1)

• graph may not be linear above 0.50 mol dm−3 / Accept only values between 0 and 0.50 mol dm−3 are known
unknown extrapolation above 0.50 mol dm−3
Allow references to the limited solubility of copper(II)
sulfate/solution may be saturated
Allow absorbance is on a log scale and so absorbance above
about 2 becomes hard to measure

Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
18(d)(i) An answer that makes reference to the following point (1)

• increase in the number of moles Accept 4 moles to 7 moles for increase in the number of
and moles
so a positive entropy (of the system) Allow particles for moles
Allow positive total entropy/greater disorder
Allow entropy increases

Do not award references to endothermic/exothermic/enthalpy

 www.dynamicpapers.com
Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
18(d)(ii) An explanation that makes reference to two of the following Diagrams can give evidence for marking points (2)
points:

• each nitrogen (atom) has one lone pair (of electrons) (1) Allow each ethane-1,2-diamine has two lone pairs
(of electrons)

• so both form dative covalent bonds/two dative bonds can Accept coordinate bonds for dative covalent bonds
form (1) Do not award if carbon/CH2 group forms dative
bonds

• (and) the lone pairs of electrons being far enough apart (1) Allow reference to a four atom chain is the
minimum (length) needed for a stable bidentate
attachment to the central metal ion

Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
18(d)(iii) An explanation that makes reference to the following points: (3)

• in ethane-1,2-diamine the angles are 107(°) because there

are three bond pairs and one lone pair (1)

• (because) in the complex ion the bond angle is 109.5(°) (1) Standalone mark

• (the lone pair becomes a bonded pair with reduced

repulsion and) therefore there are four pairs of bonded If no other mark awarded then award (1) for bond
electrons around the nitrogen in the complex ion (1) angle increases because lone pair now bonded

(Total for Question 18 = 22 marks)

 www.dynamicpapers.com
Section C

Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
19(a) (1)
• C5H6O Accept elements in any order
Ignore C10H12O2
 www.dynamicpapers.com

Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
19(b)(i) An answer that makes reference to the following points: (5)

• equation to show formation of electrophile using AlCl3 (1) Allow other halogen carriers such as AlBr3 FeBr3/
Fe with excess Br2

• curly arrow from anywhere on the central ring to positive Allow curly arrow from anywhere within the
‘end’ carbon (1) hexagon
No TE on incorrect neutral species from equation

• structure of intermediate (1) Horseshoe facing the tetrahedral carbon and

covering at least three carbon atoms. Some part of
the positive charge in the horseshoe
Do not award dotted lines unless clearly part of a
3D structure
Do not award incorrect connectivity of OH
• curly arrow from C-H bond to reform the ring (1)
• equation showing regeneration of catalyst (1) Regeneration can be shown by curly arrow to the H
being lost from the ring
Example of mechanism for 19(b)(i)
Allow displayed/semi-displayed formulae, e.g.

Do not award bond to + of electrophile, e.g.

 www.dynamicpapers.com

Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
19(b)(ii) An answer that makes reference to the following point (1)

• substitution can occur at other positions (of the Allow drawn structures of substitution at other positions of
benzene/aromatic ring) benzene ring
Allow multiple/further substitutions
Allow other isomers are made

Ignore just other substances/side products

Do not allow references to addition

 www.dynamicpapers.com
Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
19(c) An answer that makes reference to the following points: Ignore references to temperature throughout (7)
Ignore connectivity of the OH but penalise the
positions of the side chains once only in M2 or M6

• (M1) oxidation with K2Cr2O7 / Na2Cr2O7 with H2SO4 (1) Allow Cr2O7 2−/H+ here and in M7
and Penalise use of HCl once only
a limited amount of oxidising agent Allow distillation
Do not award reference to reflux

• (M2) structure of aldehyde intermediate (1)

• (M3) reaction of bromomethane with magnesium in (dry) ether (1) Allow use of chloromethane/ iodomethane

• (M4) structure of Grignard reagent (1) CH3MgBr

• (M5) reaction of aldehyde intermediate with Grignard reagent Allow any dilute acid / H+ which can be shown above
and an arrow
then hydrolysis using dilute acid (1) Ignore any structure drawn before hydrolysis even if
incorrect
Do not award use of concentrated acid

• (M6) structure of alcohol intermediate (1)

• (M7) oxidation with K2Cr2O7 / Na2Cr2O7 with H2SO4 (reflux) (1) Allow use of KMnO4 with acid or base
 www.dynamicpapers.com
Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
19(d) An answer that makes reference to the following point (1)

• avoid reduction of the ketone (functional group) Allow targets only the alkene/C=C group
Allow avoid benzene ring/carbonyl reduction
Allow benzene ring/carbonyl may be reduced

Ignore vague references to other products

Do not award if incorrect products stated

Do not award incorrect identification e.g.

aldehyde
 www.dynamicpapers.com
Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
19(e)(i) An answer that makes reference to the following points: (3)

(similarity)
• both are the E—stereoisomer (of the straight chain C=C) (1) Allow trans for E
Allow both can form geometric/ E−Z isomers
(difference) Do not award if only the ring C=C bonds is indicated
• only the α-ionone exhibits optical isomerism
(1) Accept has optical isomers or enantiomers
Allow has a chiral carbon/centre/asymmetric carbon
• labelling of the chiral carbon on α-ionone and the
labelling of carbon-carbon double bond (1)

Do not award if the alicyclic ring C=C is circled

Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
19(e)(ii) An answer that makes reference to the following point (1)

• asterisk on the quartet carbon

Allow any suitable label for the asterisk

Do not award if more than one carbon indicated
 www.dynamicpapers.com

Question
Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
19(e)(iii) An answer that makes reference to the following points (1)

• 12/twelve
and Allow
because the two methyl group carbon atoms are because there are 12 carbon environments/
equivalent two carbon (atoms) have the same environment

Allow annotations on the structure such as both of

the methyl groups given the same number or both
circled

(Total for Question 19 = 20 marks)

 www.dynamicpapers.com

Pearson Education Limited. Registered company number 872828

with its registered office at 80 Strand, London, WC2R 0RL, United Kingdom