LOGIC

AND
REASONING
PROBLEMS
 C ontents

INTRODUCTIO vii
NQUESTIONS 1

ANSWERS 99

v
 Questions

R eady to test your mental abilities? Your 501 challenging logic and reasoning problems begin on
the next page. They’re grouped togetherin sets of 5–20 questionswith a common theme. You can
work through the sets in order or jump around, whichever you choose. When you finish a set,
check your
answers beginning on page 99.

1
 Q UESTI O NS

} Set 1 (Answers begin on page 99.) 4. Look at this series: 544, 509, 474, 439, . . .
What number should come next?
Start off with these simple series of numbers. a. 404
Number series questions measure your ability to b. 414
reason without words. To answer these questions, you c. 420
must determine the pattern of the numbers in each d. 445
series beforeyou will be able to choose which number
comes next. These questions involve only simple 5. Look at this series: 201, 202, 204, 207, . . .
arithmetic. Although most number series items What number should come next?
progress by adding or sub- tracting, some questions a. 205
involve simple multiplication or division. In each b. 208
series, look for the degree and direction of change
c. 210
between the numbers. In other words, do the
d. 211
numbers increase or decrease, and by how much?
6. Look at this series: 8, 22, 8, 28, 8, . . .
1. Look at this series: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, . . . What num- What number should come next?
ber should come next? a. 9
a. 11 b. 29
b. 12 c. 32
c. 13 d. 34
d. 14
7. Look at this series: 80, 10, 70, 15, 60, . . .
2. Look at this series: 58, 52, 46, 40, 34, . . . What What number should come next?
number should come next? a. 20
a. 26 b. 25
b. 28 c. 30
c. 30 d. 50
d. 32
8. Look at this series: 36, 34, 30, 28, 24, . . .
3. Look at this series: 40, 40, 47, 47, 54, . . . What number should come next?
What number should come next? a. 20
a. 40 b. 22
b. 44 c. 23
c. 54 d. 26
d. 61
9. Look at this series: 22, 21, 23, 22, 24, 23, . .
. What number should come next?
a. 22
b. 24
c. 25
d. 26

2
 Q UESTI O NS

10. Look at this series: 3, 4, 7, 8, 11, 12, . . . 16. Look at this series: 7, 10, 8, 11, 9, 12, . . .
What number should come next? What number should come next?
a. 7 a. 7
b. 10 b. 10
c. 14 c. 12
d. 15 d. 13

11. Look at this series: 31, 29, 24, 22, 17, . . . 17. Look at this series: 14, 28, 20, 40, 32, 64, . .
What number should come next? . What number should come next?
a. 15 a. 52
b. 14 b. 56
c. 13 c. 96
d. 12 d. 128

12. Look at this series: 21, 9, 21, 11, 21, 13, . . 18. Look at this series: 1.5, 2.3, 3.1, 3.9, . . .
. What number should come next? What number should come next?
a. 14 a. 4.2
b. 15 b. 4.4
c. 21 c. 4.7
d. 23 d. 5.1

13. Look at this series: 53, 53, 40, 40, 27, 27, . . 19. Look at this series: 5.2, 4.8, 4.4, 4, . . .
. What number should come next? What number should come next?
a. 12 a. 3
b. 14 b. 3.3
c. 27 c. 3.5
d. 53 d. 3.6

14. Look at this series: 2, 6, 18, 54, . . . What num- 20. Look at this series: 2, 1, —— 1 1
2 4 ,— —,. . . What
ber should come next? number should come next?
a. 108 1
a. — 3—
b. 148
1
c. 162 b. — 8—
d. 216 2
c. —8—
1
15. Look at this series: 1,000, 200, 40, . . . d. —1—6
What number should come next?
a. 8
b. 10
c. 15
d. 20

3
 Q UESTI O NS

} Set 2 (Answers begin on page 101.) 24. 18 21 25 18 29 33 18

a. 43 18
This set contains additional, and sometimes more b. 41 44
difficult, number series questions. Again, each ques- c. 37 18
tion has a definite pattern. Some of the number d. 37 41
series may be interrupted by a particular number e. 38 41
that appears periodically in the pattern. For
example, in the series 14, 16, 32, 18, 20, 32, 22, 24, 25. 9 11 33 13 15 33 17
32, the number 32 appears as every third number. a. 19 33
Sometimes, the pattern contains two alternating b. 33 35
series. For example, in the series 1, 5, 3, 7, 5, 9, 7, c. 33 19
the pattern is add 4, sub- tract 2, add 4, subtract 2,
d. 15 33
and so on. Look carefully for the pattern, and then
e. 19 21
choose which pair of numbers comes next. Note
also that you will be choosing from five options 26. 2 8 14 20 26 32 38
instead of four. a. 2 46
b. 44 50
c. 42 48
21. 84 78 72 66 60 54 48 d. 40 42
a. 44 34 e. 32 26
b. 42 36
c. 42 32 27. 28 25 5 21 18 5 14
d. 40 34 a. 11 5
e. 38 32 b. 10 7
c. 11 8
22. 3 8 13 18 23 28 33 d. 5 10
a. 39 44 e. 10 5
b. 38 44
c. 38 43 28. 9 12 11 14 13 16 15
d. 37 42 a. 14 13
e. 33 38 b. 18 21
c. 14 17
23. 20 20 17 17 14 14 11 d. 12 13
a. 8 8 e. 18 17
b. 11 11
c. 11 14 29. 75 65 85 55 45 85 35
d. 8 9 a. 25 15
e. 11 8 b. 25 85
c. 35 25
d. 85 35
e. 25 75

4
 Q UESTI O NS

30. 1 10 7 20 13 30 19 36. 9 16 23 30 37 44 51
a. 26 40 a. 59 66
b. 29 36 b. 56 62
c. 40 25 c. 58 66
d. 25 31 d. 58 65
e. 40 50 e. 54 61

31. 10 20 25 35 40 50 55 37. 8 22 12 16 22 20 24
a. 70 65 a. 28 32
b. 60 70 b. 28 22
c. 60 75 c. 22 28
d. 60 65 d. 32 36
e. 65 70 e. 22 26

32. 40 40 31 31 22 22 13 38. 6 20 8 14 10 8 12
a. 13 4 a. 14 10
b. 13 5 b. 2 18
c. 4 13 c. 4 12
d. 9 4 d. 2 14
e. 4 4 e. 14 14

33. 17 17 34 20 20 31 23 39. 11 16 21 26 31 36 41
a. 26 23 a. 47 52
b. 34 20 b. 46 52
c. 23 33 c. 45 49
d. 27 28 d. 46 51
e. 23 28 e. 46 52

34. 2 3 4 5 6 4 8 40. 8 11 21 15 18 21 22
a. 9 10 a. 25 18
b. 4 8 b. 25 21
c. 10 4 c. 25 29
d. 9 4 d. 24 21
e. 8 9 e. 22 26

35. 61 57 50 61 43 36 61
a. 29 61
b. 27 20
c. 31 61
d. 22 15
e. 29 22

5
 Q UESTI O NS

} Set 3 (Answers begin on page 102.) 46. 14 14 26 26 38 38 50

a. 60 72
This set will give you additional practice dealing b. 50 62
with number series questions. c. 50 72
d. 62 62
41. 44 41 38 35 32 29 26 e. 62 80
a. 24 21
b. 22 19 47. 8 12 9 13 10 14 11
c. 23 19 a. 14 11
d. 29 32 b. 15 12
e. 23 20 c. 8 15
d. 15 19
42. 6 10 14 18 22 26 30 e. 8 5
a. 36 40
b. 33 37 48. 4 7 26 10 13 20 16
c. 38 42 a. 14 4
d. 34 36 b. 14 17
e. 34 38 c. 18 14
d. 19 13
43. 34 30 26 22 18 14 10 e. 19 14
a. 8 6
b. 6 4 49. 3 8 10 15 17 22 24
c. 14 18 a. 26 28
d. 6 2 b. 29 34
e. 4 0 c. 29 31
d. 26 31
44. 2 44 4 41 6 38 8 e. 26 32
a. 10 12
b. 35 32 50. 17 14 14 11 11 8 8
c. 34 9 a. 8 5
d. 35 10 b. 5 2
e. 10 52 c. 8 2
d. 5 5
45. 32 29 26 23 20 17 14 e. 5 8
a. 11 8
b. 12 8 51. 13 29 15 26 17 23 19
c. 11 7 a. 21 23
d. 32 29 b. 20 21
e. 10 9 c. 20 17
d. 25 27
e. 22 20

6
 Q UESTI O NS

52. 16 26 56 36 46 68 56 57. 11 14 14 17 17 20 20
a. 80 66 a. 23 23
b. 64 82 b. 23 26
c. 66 80 c. 21 24
d. 78 68 d. 24 24
e. 66 82 e. 24 27

53. 7 9 66 12 14 66 17 58. 17 32 19 29 21 26 23
a. 19 66 a. 25 25
b. 66 19 b. 20 22
c. 19 22 c. 23 25
d. 20 66 d. 25 22
e. 66 20 e. 27 32

54. 3 5 35 10 12 35 17 59. 10 34 12 31 14 28 16
a. 22 35 a. 25 18
b. 35 19 b. 30 13
c. 19 35 c. 19 26
d. 19 24 d. 18 20
e. 22 24 e. 25 22

55. 36 31 29 24 22 17 15 60. 32 31 32 29 32 27 32
a. 13 11 a. 25 32
b. 10 5 b. 31 32
c. 13 8 c. 29 32
d. 12 7 d. 25 30
e. 10 8 e. 29 30

56. 42 40 38 35 33 31 28
a. 25 22
b. 26 23
c. 26 24
d. 25 23
e. 26 22

7
 Q UESTI O NS

} Set 4 (Answers begin on page 103.) 65. Look at this series: 72, 76, 73, 77, 74, , 75, . .
. What number should fill the blank?
This set contains additional number series a. 70
questions, some of which are in Roman numerals. b. 71
These items dif- fer from Sets 1, 2, and 3 because they c. 75
ask you to find the number that fits somewhere into d. 78
the middle of the series. Some of the items involve
both numbers and let- ters; for these questions, look 66. Look at this series: 70, 71, 76, , 81, 86, 70, 91, .
for a number series and a letter series. (For . . What number should fill the blank?
additional practice in working let- ter series a. 70
questions, see Set 5.) b. 71
c. 80
61. Look at this series: 8, 43, 11, 41, , 39, 17, . . d. 96
. What number should fill in the blank?
a. 8 67. Look at this series: 664, 332, 340, 170, , 89, . .
b. 14 . What number should fill the blank?
c. 43 a. 85
d. 44 b. 97
c. 109
62. Look at this series: 15, , 27, 27, 39, 39, . . d. 178
. What number should fill the blank?
a. 51 68. Look at this series: 0.15, 0.3, , 1.2, 2.4, . .
b. 39 . What number should fill the blank?
c. 23 a. 4.8
d. 15 b. 0.006
c. 0.6
63. Look at this series: 83, 73, 93, 63, , 93, 43, . . d. 0.9
. What number should fill the blank?
a. 33 69. Look at this series: —1—,1——,1, , 9, . . . What num-
b. 53 9 3
c. 73 ber should fill the blank?
2
d. 93 a. —3—
b. 3
64. Look at this series: 4, 7, 25, 10, , 20, 16, 19, . . c. 6
. What number should fill the blank? d. 27
a. 13
b. 15 70. Look at this series: U32, V29, , X23, Y20, . . .
c. 20 What number should fill the blank?
d. 28 a. W26
b. W17
c. Z17
d. Z26

8
 Q UESTI O NS

71. Look at this series: J14, L16, , P20, R22, . . . 74. Look at this series: XXIV, XX, , XII, VIII, . . .
What number should fill the blank? What number should fill the blank?
a. S24 a. XXII
b. N18 b. XIII
c. M18 c. XVI
d. T24 d. IV

72. Look at this series: F2, , D8, C16, B32, . . . 75. Look at this series: VI, 10, V, 11, , 12, III, . . .
What number should fill the blank? What number should fill the blank?
a. A16 a. II
b. G4 b. IV
c. E4 c. IX
d. E3 d. 14

73. Look at this series: V, VIII, XI, XIV, , XX, . . .

What number should fill the blank?
a. IX
b. XXIII
c. XV
d. XVII

9
 Q UESTI O NS

} Set 5 (Answers begin on page 104.) 81. CMM EOO GQQ KUU
a. GRR
Another type of sequence question involves a series b. GSS
of letters in a pattern. Usually, these questions use the c. ISS
let- ters’ alphabetical order as a base. To make matters d. ITT
more complicated, sometimes subscript numbers
will be thrown into the letter sequence. In these series, 82. QAR RAS SAT TAU
you will be looking at both the letter pattern and the a. UAV
number pattern. Some of these questions ask you to b. UAT
fill the blank in the middle of the series; others ask c. TAS
you to add to the end of the series. d. TAT

83. DEF DEF2 DE2F2___________D2E2F3

76. QPO NML KJI EDC
a. DEF3
a. HGF
b. D3EF3
b. CAB
c. D2E3F
c. JKL
d. D2E2F2
d. GHI
84. SCD TEF UGH WKL
77. JAK KBL LCM MDN a. CMN
a. OEP b. UJI
b. NEO c. VIJ
c. MEN d. IJT
d. PFQ
85. FAG GAF HAI IAH
78. B2 CD BCD 4 B5 CD BC 6 D a. JAK
a. B 2 C 2 D b. HAL
b. BC 3 D c. HAK
c. B 2 C 3 D d. JAI
d. BCD7
86. BCB DED FGF HIH
79. ELFA GLHA ILJA MLNA a. JKJ
a. OLPA b. HJH
b. KLMA c. IJI
c. LLMA d. JHJ
d. KLLA
87. ZA5 Y4B XC 6 W3D
80. P5QR P4QS P 3QT PQV
a. E7V
a. PQW
b. V2E
b. PQV2 c. VE5
c. P2QU d. VE7
d. PQ3U

10
 Q UESTI O NS

} Set 6 (Answers begin on page 105.) 93.

This set contains sequencequestions that use a series

of
nonverbal, nonnumber symbols. Look carefully at the
sequence of symbols to find the pattern. a. b. c. d.

88. 94.

a. b. c. d.

89.
a. b. c. d.

95.

a. b. c. d.

a. b. c. d.
90.

96.

a. b. c. d.
a. b. c. d.
91.
97.

a. b. c. d.
a. b. c. d.
92.

98.

a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d.
11
 Q UESTI O NS

99. 101.

a. b. c. d.

a. b. c. d.
100.

a. b. c. d.

12
 Q UESTI O NS

} Set 7 (Answers begin on page 106.) 106. Which word does NOT belong with
the others?
The next two sets contain verbal classification ques- a. tulip
tions. For these questions, the important thing (as b. rose
the name “verbal classification” indicates) is to classify c. bud
the words in the four answer choices. Three of the d. daisy
words will be in the same classification; the remaining
one will not be. Your answer will be the one word 107. Which word does NOT belong with
that does NOT belong in the same classification as the others?
the others. a. tire
b. steering wheel
102. Which word does NOT belong with the c. engine
others? d. car
a. leopard
b. cougar 108. Which word does NOT belong with
c. elephant the others?
d. lion a. parsley
b. basil
103. Which word does NOT belong with c. dill
the others? d. mayonnaise
a. couch
b. rug 109. Which word does NOT belong with
c. table the others?
d. chair a. branch
b. dirt
104. Which word does NOT belong with c. leaf
the others? d. root
a. tape
b. twine 110. Which word does NOT belong with
c. cord the others?
d. yarn a. unimportant
b. trivial
105. Which word does NOT belong with c. insignificant
the others? d. familiar
a. guitar
b. flute 111. Which word does NOT belong with
c. violin the others?
d. cello a. book
b. index
c. glossary
d. chapter

13
 Q UESTI O NS

112. Which word does NOT belong with the 116. Which word does NOT belong with the
others? others?
a. noun a. street
b. preposition b. freeway
c. punctuation c. interstate
d. adverb d. expressway

113. Which word does NOT belong with the 117. Which word does NOT belong with the
others? others?
a. cornea a. dodge
b. retina b. flee
c. pupil c. duck
d. vision d. avoid

114. Which word does NOT belong with the 118. Which word does NOT belong with the
others? others?
a. rye a. heading
b. sourdough b. body
c. pumpernickel c. letter
d. loaf d. closing

115. Which word does NOT belong with the

others?
a. inch
b. ounce
c. centimeter
d. yard

14
 Q UESTI O NS

} Set 8 (Answers begin on page 123.) 124. Which word does NOT belong with
the others?
Here’s another set of classification questions. Remem- a. evaluate
ber, you are looking for the word that does NOT b. assess
belong in the same group as the others. Sometimes, c. appraise
all four words seem to fit in the same group. If so, d. instruct
look more closely to further narrow your
classification. 125. Which word does NOT belong with
the others?
119. Which word does NOT belong with a. eel
the others? b. lobster
a. core c. crab
b. seeds d. shrimp
c. pulp
d. slice 126. Which word does NOT belong with
the others?
120. Which word does NOT belong with a. scythe
the others? b. knife
a. unique c. pliers
b. beautiful d. saw
c. rare
d. exceptional 127. Which word does NOT belong with
the others?
121. Which word does NOT belong with a. two
the others? b. three
a. biology c. six
b. chemistry d. eight
c. theology
d. zoology 128. Which word does NOT belong with
the others?
122. Which word does NOT belong with a. peninsula
the others? b. island
a. triangle c. bay
b. circle d. cape
c. oval
d. sphere 129. Which word does NOT belong with the
others?
123. Which word does NOT belong with a. seat
the others? b. rung
a. excite c. cushion
b. flourish d. leg
c. prosper
d. thrive

15
 Q UESTI O NS

130. Which word does NOT belong with the 134. Which word does NOT belong with the
others? others?
a. fair a. acute
b. just b. right
c. equitable c. obtuse
d. favorable d. parallel

131. Which word does NOT belong with the 135. Which word does NOT belong with the
others? others?
a. defendant a. wing
b. prosecutor b. fin
c. trial c. beak
d. judge d. rudder

132. Which word does NOT belong with the 136. Which word does NOT belong with the
others? others?
a. area a. aorta
b. variable b. heart
c. circumference c. liver
d. quadrilateral d. stomach

133. Which word does NOT belong with the

others?
a. mayor
b. lawyer
c. governor
d. senator

16
 Q UESTI O NS

} Set 9 (Answers begin on page 108.) 141. election

a. president
In the next three sets, you will be looking for the b. voter
essen- tial part of something. Each question has an c. November
underlined word followed by four answer choices. d. nation
You will choose the word that is a necessary part of
the underlined word. A good way to approach this 142. diploma
type of question is to say the following sentence: “A a. principal
could not exist without .” b. curriculum
Put the underlined word in the first blank. Try each of c. employment
the answer choices in the second blank to see which d. graduation
choice is most logical.
143. swimming
For questions 137 through 151, find the word that a. pool
names a necessary part of the underlined word. b. bathing suit
c. water
137. book d. life jacket
a. fiction
b. pages 144. school
c. pictures a. student
d. learning b. report card
c. test
138. guitar d. learning
a. band
b. teacher 145. language
c. songs a. tongue
d. strings b. slang
c. writing
139. shoe d. words
a. sole
b. leather 146. desert
c. laces a. cactus
d. walking b. arid
c. oasis
140. respiration d. flat
a. mouth
b. circulation 147. lightning
c. oxygen a. electricity
d. carbon monoxide b. thunder
c. brightness
d. rain

17
 Q UESTI O NS

148. monopoly 150. gala

a. corrupt a. celebration
b. exclusive b. tuxedo
c. rich c. appetizer
d. gigantic d. orator

149. harvest 151. pain

a. autumn a. cut
b. stockpile b. burn
c. tractor c. nuisance
d. crop d. hurt

18
 Q UESTI O NS

} Set 10 (Answers begin on page 109.) 157. antique

a. rarity
Remember, you are looking for the essential part of b. artifact
something. If you had trouble with Set 9, go back c. aged
through the items and study each answer explanation. d. prehistoric
Then work through this set of more difficult
necessary part questions. 158. itinerary
a. map
For questions 152 through 166, find the word that b. route
names a necessary part of the underlined word. c. travel
d. guidebook
152. infirmary
a. surgery 159. orchestra
b. disease a. violin
c. patient b. stage
d. receptionist c. musician
d. soloist
153. facsimile
a. picture 160. knowledge
b. image a. school
c. mimeograph b. teacher
d. copier c. textbook
d. learning
154. domicile
a. tenant 161. dimension
b. dwelling a. compass
c. kitchen b. ruler
d. house c. inch
d. measure
155. culture
a. civility 162. sustenance
b. education a. nourishment
c. agriculture b. water
d. customs c. grains
d. menu
156. bonus
a. reward 163. ovation
b. raise a. outburst
c. cash b. bravo
d. employer c. applause
d. encore

19
 Q UESTI O NS

164. vertebrate 166. purchase

a. backbone a. trade
b. reptile b. money
c. mammal c. bank
d. animal d. acquisition

165. provisions
a. groceries
b. supplies
c. gear
d. caterers

20
 Q UESTI O NS

} Set 11 (Answers begin on page 111.) 172. wedding

a. love
Here is one more set of necessary part questions. b. church
This set is somewhat more difficult than the c. ring
previous two sets, and it should give you practice in d. marriage
mastering this particular type of question.
Remember: A good way to approach this type of 173. faculty
question is to use the following sentence: “A a. buildings
could not exist without .” b. textbooks
c. teachers
For questions 167 through 181, find the word that d. meetings
names a necessary part of the underlined word.
174. cage
167. dome a. enclosure
a. rounded b. prisoner
b. geodesic c. animal
c. governmental d. zoo
d. coppery
175. directory
168. recipe a. telephone
a. desserts b. listing
b. directions c. computer
c. cookbook d. names
d. utensils
176. contract
169. hurricane a. agreement
a. beach b. document
b. cyclone c. written
c. damage d. attorney
d. wind
177. saddle
170. autograph a. horse
a. athlete b. seat
b. actor c. stirrups
c. signature d. horn
d. pen
178. vibration
171. town a. motion
a. residents b. electricity
b. skyscrapers c. science
c. parks d. sound
d. libraries

21
 Q UESTI O NS

179. cell 181. glacier

a. chlorophyll a. mountain
b. nucleus b. winter
c. nerve c. prehistory
d. human d. ice

180. champion
a. running
b. swimming
c. winning
d. speaking

22
 Q UESTI O NS

} Set 12 (Answers begin on page 113.) 185. Window is to pane as book is to

a. novel.
Here is the first of several sets of analogies. b. glass.
Analogies test your ability to see relationships c. cover.
between words, objects, or concepts. There are many d. page.
different types of analogy relationships: use or
function, part-to-whole, classification, proportion or 186. Secretly is to openly as silently is to
degree, cause and effect, similarity or difference. In a. scarcely.
each of these verbal analo- gies, you will be given a b. impolitely.
set of two related words, fol- lowed by a third word c. noisily.
and four answer choices. Of the four choices, you d. quietly.
must identify the one that would best complete the
second set so that it expresses the same relationship 187. Artist is to painting as senator is to
as the first set. A good way to figure out the a. attorney.
relationship in a given question is to make up a b. law.
sentence that describes the relationship between the
c. politician.
first two words. Then, try to use the same sentence
d. constituents.
to find out which of the answer choices completes
the same relationship with the third word.
188. Play is to actor as concert is to
a. symphony.
b. musician.
182. Cup is to coffee as bowl is to
c. piano.
a. dish.
d. percussion.
b. soup.
c. spoon. 189. Careful is to cautious as boastful is to
d. food. a. arrogant.
b. humble.
183. Exercise is to gym as eating is to
c. joyful.
a. food.
d. suspicious.
b. dieting.
c. fitness. 190. Pride is to lion as school is to
d. restaurant. a. teacher.
b. student.
184. Oar is to rowboat as foot is to
c. self-respect.
a. running.
d. fish.
b. sneaker.
c. skateboard. 191. Guide is to direct as reduce is to
d. jumping. a. decrease.
b. maintain.
c. increase.
d. preserve.

23
 Q UESTI O NS

192. Yard is to inch as quart is to 197. Odometer is to mileage as compass is to

a. gallon. a. speed.
b. ounce. b. hiking.
c. milk. c. needle.
d. liquid. d. direction.

193. Reptile is to lizard as flower is to 198. Optimist is to cheerful as pessimist is to

a. petal. a. gloomy.
b. stem. b. mean.
c. daisy. c. petty.
d. alligator. d. helpful.

194. Elated is to despondent as enlightened is to 199. Sponge is to porous as rubber is to

a. aware. a. massive.
b. ignorant. b. solid.
c. miserable. c. elastic.
d. tolerant. d. inflexible.

195. Marathon is to race as hibernation is to 200. Candid is to indirect as honest is to

a. winter. a. frank.
b. bear. b. wicked.
c. dream. c. truthful.
d. sleep. d. untruthful.

196. Embarrassed is to humiliated as 201. Pen is to poet as needle is to

frightened is to a. thread.
a. terrified. b. button.
b. agitated. c. sewing.
c. courageous. d. tailor.
d. reckless.

24
 Q UESTI O NS

} Set 13 (Answers begin on page 115.) 203.

Now that you have some practice working basic

analo- gies, try these picture analogies, which will
give you practice with nonverbal reasoning. Solve
these picture analogies in the same way you solved
the word analo- gies. For each item, you will be
presented with a set of two pictures that are related
to each other in the same way. Along with this pair,
you’ll be given a third picture and four answer choices,
which are also pictures. Of the four choices, choose
the picture that would go in the empty box so that
the two bottom pictures are related in the same way
as the top two are related.

a. b.
c. d.
202.

204.

a. b. c. d.
a. b. c. d.

25
 Q UESTI O NS

205. 207.

a. b. c. d.

208.
a. b. c. d.

206.

a. b. c. d.

a. b. c. d.

26
 Q UESTI O NS

209. 211.

a. b. c. d.

a. b. c. d.
212.

210.

a. b. c. d.

a. b. c. d.

27
 Q UESTI O NS

213. 215.

a. b. c. d.

a. b. c. d.
214.

216.

a. b. c. d.

a. b. c. d.

28
 Q UESTI O NS

217. 219.

a. b. c. d.

a. b. c. d.
218.
220.

a. b. c. d.
a. b. c. d.

29
 Q UESTI O NS

221.

a. b. c. d.

30
 Q UESTI O NS

} Set 14 (Answers begin on page 116.) 223.

Here are more picture analogies for you to master.

There is essentially no difference between verbal
and picture analogies, except that you have to take an
extra first step by naming each picture. Make sure you
under- stand the relationship between the first set of
pictures before you attempt to choose an answer.
Make up a sen- tence that describes this
relationship. From the four answer choices, choose
the picture that would go in the empty box so that the
two bottom pictures are related in the same way as
the top two are related.

222.

a. b. c. d.

224.

a. b. c. d.

a. b. c. d.

31
 Q UESTI O NS

225. 227.

a. b. c. d.
a. b. c. d.
226.
228.

a. b. c. d.

a. b. c. d.

32
 Q UESTI O NS

229. 231.

a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d.

230. 232.

a. b. c. d.
a. b. c. d.

33
 Q UESTI O NS

233. 235.

a. b. c. d.
a. b. c. d.

234.
236.

a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d.

34
 Q UESTI O NS

237. 239.

a. b. c. d.
a. b. c. d.
240.
238.

a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d.

35
 Q UESTI O NS

241.

a. b. c.
d.

36
 Q UESTI O NS

} Set 15 (Answers begin on page 117.) 246. meal banquet feast

shelter palace
This set contains another type of verbal analogy a. mansion
ques- tions. In each, the words in the top row are
b. hallway
related in some way. To help you discover this
c. protection
relationship, make up a sentence based on the top
d. haven
three words. The words in the bottom row are
related in the same way as the
words in the top row. For each item, find the word 247. fence wall boundary
that
completes the bottom row of words.
path alley

a. ramp
242. ant fly bee
b. passageway
hamster squirrel c. airfield
a. spider d. pedestrian
b. mouse
c. rodent 248. palette easel brush
d. cat
textbook lesson plan
243. carpenter saw nails a. artist
pediatrician stethoscope b. teacher
a. thermometer c. report card
b. baby d. paint
c. doctor
d. illness 249. snow mountain ski
warmth lake
244. table wood oak a. sand
shirt b. swim
cloth
a. sewing c. sunburn
b. dress d. vacation
c. cotton
d. tree 250. candle lamp floodlight
hut cottage
245. rule command dictate a. tent
doze b. city
sleep
a. snore c. dwelling
b. govern d. house
c. awaken
d. hibernate
37
 Q UESTI O NS

251. apples fruit supermarket 254. honeybee angel bat

novel book kangaroo rabbit
a. bookstore a. mermaid
b. magazine b. possum
c. vegetable c. grasshopper
d. shopping d. sprinter

252. tadpole frog amphibian 255. daisy flower plant

lamb sheep bungalow house
a. animal a. building
b. wool b. cottage
c. farm c. apartment
d. mammal d. city

253. walk skip run

toss pitch
a. swerve
b. hurl
c. jump
d. dance

38
 – Q UESTI O NS

} Set 16 (Answers begin on page 118.) 260. SIAMESE : CAT

a. type: breed
The next two sets will give you more practice with b. dog : puppy
analogies. Every one of the following questions consists c. mark : spot
of a related pair of words, followed by five pairs of d. romaine : lettuce
words labeled a through e. Choose the pair that best e. collar : leash
represents a similar relationship to the one expressed
in the original pair of words. Remember, the best 261. PEDAL : BICYCLE
way to approach an analogy question is to make up a. inch : yardstick
a sen- tence that describes the relationship between b. walk : skip
the first two words. Then, find the pair that has a c. tire : automobile
similar relationship. d. buckle : belt
e. oar : canoe

256. PETAL : FLOWER PULSATE : THROB

262.
a. salt : pepper a. walk : run
b. tire : bicycle b. tired : sleep
c. base : ball c. examine : scrutinize
d. sandals : shoes d. ballet : dancer
e. puppy : dog e. find : lose

257. BRISTLE : BRUSH ELEPHANT : PACHYDERM

263.
a. arm : leg a. mantis : rodent
b. stage : curtain b. poodle : feline
c. recline : chair c. kangaroo : marsupial
d. key : piano d. zebra : horse
e. art : sculpture e. tuna : mollusk

258. FISH : SCHOOL DEPRESSED : SAD

264.
a. wolf : pack a. neat : considerate
b. elephant : jungle b. towering : cringing
c. beagle : clan c. rapid : plodding
d. herd : peacock d. progressive : regressive
e. cow : farm e. exhausted : tired

259. ODOMETER : DISTANCE PSYCHOLOGIST : NEUROSIS

265.
a. scale : weight a. ophthalmologist : cataract
b. length : width b. dermatologist : fracture
c. inch : foot c. infant : pediatrician
d. mileage : speed d. rash : orthopedist
e. area : size e. oncologist : measles

39
 Q UESTI O NS

266. BINDING : BOOK 271. WAITRESS : RESTAURANT

a. criminal : gang a. doctor : diagnosis
b. display : museum b. actor : role
c. artist : carpenter c. driver : truck
d. nail : hammer d. teacher : school
e. frame : picture e. author : book

267. EXPLORE : DISCOVER 272. FINCH : BIRD

a. read : skim a. frog : toad
b. research : learn b. elephant : reptile
c. write : print c. Dalmatian : dog
d. think : relate d. collie : marsupial
e. sleep : wake e. ant : ladybug

268. COTTON : BALE 273. RAIN : DRIZZLE

a. butter : churn a. swim : dive
b. wine : ferment b. hop : shuffle
c. grain : shock c. juggle : bounce
d. curd : cheese d. walk : run
e. beef : steak e. run : jog

269. DIVISION : SECTION 274. SKEIN : YARN

a. layer : tier a. squeeze : lemon
b. tether : bundle b. fire : coal
c. chapter : verse c. ream : paper
d. riser : stage d. tree : lumber
e. dais : speaker e. plow : acre

270. PASTORAL : RURAL 275. TAILOR : SUIT

a. metropolitan : urban a. scheme : agent
b. harvest : autumn b. edit : manuscript
c. agrarian : benevolent c. revise : writer
d. sleepy : nocturnal d. mention : opinion
e. wild : agricultural e. implode : building

40
 Q UESTI O NS

} Set 17 (Answers begin on page 119.) 280. INTEREST : OBSESSION

a. mood : feeling
Now try this last set of analogies, which are b. weeping : sadness
somewhat more difficult than the previous set. c. dream : fantasy
Remember that the first step in solving an analogy is d. plan : negation
to make up a sentence that describes the e. highlight : indication
relationship between the first two words.
Sometimes, your sentence may fit more than one 281. MONK : DEVOTION
answer choice. In these cases, be prepared to revise a. maniac : pacifism
your original sentence. Each of the following questions b. explorer : contentment
consists of a related pair of words, followed by five c. visionary : complacency
pairs of words labeled a through e. Choose the pair d. rover : wanderlust
that best represents a similar relationship to the one
e. philistine : culture
expressed in the original pair of words.
282. SLAPSTICK : LAUGHTER
276. CONDUCTOR : ORCHESTRA a. fallacy : dismay
a. jockey : mount b. genre : mystery
b. thrasher : hay c. satire : anger
c. driver : tractor d. mimicry : tears
d. skipper : crew e. horror : fear
e. painter : house
283. VERVE : ENTHUSIASM
277. JAUNDICE : LIVER a. loyalty : duplicity
a. rash : skin b. devotion : reverence
b. dialysis : kidney c. intensity : color
c. smog : lung d. eminence: anonymity
d. valentine : heart e. generosity : elation
e. imagination : brain
284. SOUND : CACOPHONY
278. COBBLER : SHOE a. taste : style
a. jockey : horse b. touch : massage
b. contractor : building c. smell : stench
c. mason : stone d. sight : panorama
d. cowboy : boot e. speech : oration
e. potter : paint
285. CONVICTION : INCARCERATION
279. PHOBIC : FEARFUL a. reduction : diminution
a. finicky : thoughtful b. induction : amelioration
b. cautious : emotional c. radicalization : estimation
c. envious : desiring d. marginalization : intimidation
d. shy : familiar e. proliferation : alliteration
e. asinine : silly

41
 Q UESTI O NS

286. DELTOID : MUSCLE 292. DIRGE : FUNERAL

a. radius : bone a. chain : letter
b. brain : nerve b. bell : church
c. tissue : organ c. telephone : call
d. blood : vein d. jingle : commercial
e. scalpel : incision e. hymn : concerto

287. UMBRAGE : OFFENSE 293. FERAL : TAME

a. confusion : penance a. rancid : rational
b. infinity : meaning b. repetitive : recurrent
c. decorum : decoration c. nettlesome : annoying
d. elation : jubilance d. repentant : honorable
e. outrage : consideration e. ephemeral : immortal

288. PROFESSOR : ERUDITE 294. SPY : CLANDESTINE

a. aviator : licensed a. accountant : meticulous
b. inventor : imaginative b. furrier : rambunctious
c. procrastinator : conscientious c. lawyer : ironic
d. overseer : wealthy d. shepherd : garrulous
e. moderator : vicious e. astronaut : opulent

289. DEPENDABLE : CAPRICIOUS 295. DOMINANCE : HEGEMONY

a. fallible : cantankerous a. romance : sympathy
b. erasable : obtuse b. furtherance : melancholy
c. malleable : limpid c. independence : autonomy
d. capable : inept d. tolerance : philanthropy
e. incorrigible : guilty e. recompense : hilarity

290. FROND : PALM 296. AERIE : EAGLE

a. quill : porcupine a. capital : government
b. blade : evergreen b. bridge : architect
c. scale : wallaby c. unit : apartment
d. tusk : alligator d. kennel : veterinarian
e. blade : fern e. house : person

291. METAPHOR : SYMBOL

a. pentameter : poem
b. rhythm : melody
c. nuance : song
d. slang : usage
e. analogy : comparison

42
 Q UESTI O NS

} Set 18 (Answers begin on page 120.) 299. Here are some words translated from
an artificial language.
Now try some reasoning questions that ask you to moolokarn means blue sky
translate English words into an artificial language. wilkospadi means bicycle race
First, you will be given a list of three “nonsense” moolowilko means blue bicycle
words and their English word meanings. The
Which word could mean “racecar”?
question(s) that fol- low will ask you to reverse the
a. wilkozwet
process and translate an English word into the
b. spadiwilko
artificial language.
c. moolobreil
Your best approach to this type of question is
to look for elements (parts) of the “nonsense” words d. spadivolo
that repeat. This is the best way to translate from the
300. Here are some words translated from
imag- inary language to English. For example, if you
an artificial language.
know that linsmerk means oak tree and linsdennel
daftafoni means advisement
means oak table, then you know that lins means oak.
imodafta means misadvise
And, if lins means oak, merk must mean tree, and
imolokti means
dennel must mean table. When you discover what a
misconduct
word element means in English, write it down. Then,
look for the word elements that appear both on the Which word could mean “statement”?
list and in the answer choices. a. kratafoni
b. kratadafta
297. Here are some words translated from c. loktifoni
an artificial language. d. daftaimo
granamelke means big tree
pinimelke means little tree 301. Here are some words translated from
melkehoon means tree house an artificial language.
dionot means oak tree
Which word could mean “big house”?
blyonot means oak leaf
a. granahoon
blycrin means maple
b. pinishur
leaf
c. pinihoon
d. melkegrana Which word could mean “maple syrup”?
a. blymuth
298. Here are some words translated from b. hupponot
an artificial language. c. patricrin
lelibroon means yellow hat d. crinweel
plekafroti means flower
garden frotimix means garden
salad
Which word could mean “yellow flower”?
a. lelifroti
b. lelipleka
c. plekabroon
d. frotibroon
43
 Q UESTI O NS

302. Here are some words translated from an 305. Here are some words translated from an
artificial language. artificial language.
agnoscrenia means poisonous spider tamceno means sky blue
delanocrenia means poisonous snake cenorax means blue cheese
agnosdeery means brown spider aplmitl means star bright
Which word could mean “black widow Which word could mean “bright sky”?
spider”? a. cenotam
a. deeryclostagnos b. mitltam
b. agnosdelano c. raxmitl
c. agnosvitriblunin d. aplceno
d. trymuttiagnos
306. Here are some words translated from an
303. Here are some words translated from an artificial language.
artificial language. gorblflur means fan belt
myncabel means saddle horse pixngorbl means ceiling fan
conowir means trail ride arthtusl means tile roof
cabelalma means horse blanket Which word could mean “ceiling tile”?
Which word could mean “horse ride”? a. gorbltusl
a. cabelwir b. flurgorbl
b. conocabel c. arthflur
c. almamyn d. pixnarth
d. conoalma
307. Here are some words translated from an
304. Here are some words translated from an artificial language.
artificial language. hapllesh means cloudburst
godabim means kidney stones srenchoch means pinball
romzbim means kidney beans resbosrench means ninepin
romzbako means wax beans Which word could mean “cloud nine”?
Which word could mean “wax statue”? a. leshsrench
a. godaromz b. ochhapl
b. lazbim c. haploch
c. wasibako d. haplresbo
d. romzpeo

44
 Q UESTI O NS

308. Here are some words translated from an

artificial language.
migenlasan means cupboard
lasanpoen means
boardwalk cuopdansa
means pullman
Which word could mean “walkway”?
a. poenmigen
b. cuopeisel
c. lasandansa
d. poenforc

45
 Q UESTI O NS

} Set 19 (Answers begin on page 121.) 312. Here are some words translated from an
arti- ficial language.
Here is another set of questions that ask you to krekinblaf means workforce
trans- late from an imaginary language into English. dritakrekin means groundwork
Remem- ber, the best way to approach these krekinalti means workplace
questions is to translate each word element. When
Which word could mean “someplace”?
you discover what a word element means in English,
a. moropalti
write it down. Then, look for the word elements that
b. krekindrita
appear both on the list and in the answer choices.
c. altiblaf
d. dritaalti
309. Here are some words translated from an arti-
ficial language.
313. Here are some words translated from an
morpirquat means birdhouse
arti- ficial language.
beelmorpir means bluebird
plekapaki means fruitcake
beelclak means bluebell
pakishillen means cakewalk
Which word could mean “houseguest”? treftalan means buttercup
a. morpirhunde
Which word could mean “cupcake”?
b. beelmoki
a. shillenalan
c. quathunde
b. treftpleka
d. clakquat
c. pakitreft
d. alanpaki
310. Here are some words translated from an
arti- ficial language.
314. Here are some words translated from an
slar means jump
arti- ficial language.
slary means jumping
peslligen means basketball
slarend means jumped
court ligenstrisi means
Which word could mean “playing”? courtroom oltaganti means
a. clargslarend placement test
b. clargy
Which word could mean “guest room”?
c. ellaclarg
a. peslstrisi
d. slarmont
b. vosefstrisi
c. gantipesl
311. Here are some words translated from an
d. oltastrisi
arti- ficial language.
briftamint means militant
uftonel means occupied
uftonalene means occupation
Which word could mean “occupant”?
a. elbrifta
b. uftonamint
c. elamint
d. briftalene

46
 Q UESTI O NS

315. Here are some words translated from an arti- 318. Here are some words translated from an arti-
ficial language. ficial language.
jalkamofti means happy birthday aptaose means first base
moftihoze means birthday party eptaose means second base
mentogunn means goodness lartabuk means ballpark
Which word could mean “happiness”? Which word could mean “baseball”?
a. jalkagunn a. buklarta
b. mentohoze b. oseepta
c. moftihoze c. bukose
d. hozemento d. oselarta

316. Here are some words translated from an arti- 319. Here are some words translated from an arti-
ficial language. ficial language.
mallonpiml means blue light relftaga means carefree
mallontifl means blueberry otaga means careful
arpantifl means raspberry fertaga means careless
Which word could mean “lighthouse”? Which word could mean “aftercare”?
a. tiflmallon a. zentaga
b. pimlarpan b. tagafer
c. mallonarpan c. tagazen
d. pimldoken d. relffer

317. Here are some words translated from an arti- 320. Here are some words translated from an arti-
ficial language. ficial language.
gemolinea means fair warning malgauper means peach cobbler
gerimitu means report card malgaport means peach juice
gilageri means weather report moggagrop means apple jelly
Which word could mean “fair weather?” Which word could mean “apple juice”?
a. gemogila a. moggaport
b. gerigeme b. malgaauper
c. gemomitu c. gropport
d. gerimita d. moggagrop

47
 Q UESTI O NS

} Set 20 (Answers begin on page 122.) 322. It is appropriate to compensate someone if

you have damaged his or her property in
The questions in this set ask you to match someway. This is called Restitution. Which
definitions to particular situations. For each situation belowis the bestexampleof
question, you will be given a definition and four Restitution?
possible answer choices. Read each definition and all a. Jake borrows Leslie’s camera and the lens
four choices carefully, and find the answer that shatters when it falls on the ground
provides the best example of the given definition. because he fails to zipper the case. When
Answer each question solely on the basis of the Jake returns the camera, he tells Leslie
definition given. that he will pay for the repair.
b. Rebecca borrows her neighbor’s car, and
when she returns it, the gas tank is
321. Violating an Apartment Lease occurs when practi- cally empty. She apologizes
a tenant does something prohibited by the profusely and tells her neighbor she will
legally binding document that he or she has be moreconsid- erate the next time.
signed with a landlord. Which situation c. Aaron asks Tom to check in on his apart-
below is the best example of Violating an ment while he is out of town. When Tom
Apartment Lease? arrives, he discovers that a pipe has burst
a. Tim has decided to move to another city, and there is a considerable amount of
so he calls his landlord to tell him that he water damage. He calls a plumber to
is not interested in renewing his lease repair the pipe.
when it expires next month. d. Lisa suspects that the pothole in her
b. Valerie recently lost her job and, for the com- pany’s parking lot caused her flat
last three months, has neglected to pay tire. She tells her boss that she thinks the
her landlord the monthly rent they company should pay for the repair.
agreed upon in writing when she moved
into her apartment eight months ago. 323. People speculate when they consider a
c. Mark writes a letter to his landlord that situa- tion and assume something to be true
lists numerous complaints about the based on inconclusive evidence. Which
apartment he has agreed to rent for two situation below is the best example of
years. Speculation?
d. Leslie thinks that her landlord is a. Francine decides that it would be
neglecting the building in which she rents appropri- ate to wear jeans to her new
an apart- ment. She calls her attorney to office on Friday after reading about
ask for advice. “Casual Fridays” in her employee
handbook.
b. Mary spends thirty minutes sitting in
traffic and wishes that she took the train
instead of driving.
c. After consulting several guidebooks and
her travel agent, Jennifer feels confident
that the hotel she has chosen is first-rate.
d. When Emily opens the door in tears,
Theo guesses that she’s had a death in her
family.
48
 Q UESTI O NS

324. A Guarantee is a promise or assurance that 326. Embellishing the Truth occurs when a per-
attests to the quality of a product that is son adds fictitious details or exaggerates
either (1) given in writing by the manufac- facts or true stories. Which situation below
turer or (2) given verbally by the person sell- is the best example of Embellishing the
ing the product. Which situation below is Truth?
the best example of a Guarantee? a. Isabel goes to the theater, and the next
a. Melissa purchases a DVD player with day, she tells her coworkers she thought
the highest consumer ratings in its the play was excellent.
category. b. The realtor describes the house, which
b. The salesperson advises Curt to be sure is eleven blocks away from the ocean,
that he buys an air conditioner with a as prime waterfront property.
guarantee. c. During the job interview, Fred, who has
c. The local auto body shop specializes been teaching elementary school for
in refurbishing and selling used cars. ten years, describes himself as a very
d. Lori buys a used digital camera from her experi- enced teacher.
coworker who says that she will refund d. The basketball coach says it is likely that
Lori’s money if the camera’s performance only the most talented players will get a
is not of the highest quality. col- lege scholarship.

325. Reentry occurs when a person leaves his 327. Applying for Seasonal Employment occurs
or her social system for a period of time when a person requests to be considered for
and then returns. Which situation below a job that is dependent on a particular
best describes Reentry? season or time of year. Which situation
a. When he is offered a better paying below is the best example of Applying for
position, Jacob leaves the restaurant he Seasonal Employment?
manages to manage a new restaurant on a. The ski instructors at Top of the Peak
the other side of town. Ski School work from December
b. Catherine is spending her junior year through March.
of college studying abroad in France. b. Matthew prefers jobs that allow him
c. Malcolm is readjusting to civilian life to work outdoors.
after two years of overseas military c. Lucinda makes an appointment with the
service. beach resort restaurant manager to
d. After several miserable months, inter- view for the summer waitressing
Sharon decides that she can no longer position that was advertised in the
share an apartment with her newspaper.
roommate Hilary. d. Doug’s ice cream shop stays open
until 11 p.m. during the summer
months.
49
 Q UESTI O NS

328. An Informal Gathering occurs when a 330. In the Maple Hill school district, a Five-Day
group of people get together in a casual, Suspension occurs when a student is not
relaxed manner. Which situation below is permitted to attend school for five days for
the best example of an Informal Gathering? (1)physically assaulting another student, a
a. The book club meets on the first teacher, or a school employee or (2)
Thursday evening of every month. willfully destructing or defacing school
b. After finding out about his promotion, property. Which situation below is the best
Jeremy and a few coworkers decide to example of a Five-Day Suspension?
go out for a quick drink after work. a. Lillian gets caught cheating on a math
c. Mary sends out 25 invitations for the test for the second time and is suspended
bridal shower she is giving for her sister. from school.
d. Whenever she eats at the Mexican b. Marc is asked to leave the classroom due
restau- rant, Clara seems to run into to his constant disruptions.
Peter. c. Franny uses spray paint to write
derogatory comments on the locker room
329. The rules of baseball state that a batter wall and she is given a suspension.
Legally Completes His Time at Bat when d. Ms. Farmer tells her class that students
he is put out or becomes a base runner. who fail the midterm exam will be
Which situation below is the best example expected to stay after school for tutoring
of a bat- ter Legally Completing His Time at help.
Bat?
a. Jared’s blooper over the head of the 331. A Tiebreaker is an additional contest or
short- stop puts him in scoring position. period of play designed to establish a
b. The umpire calls a strike, even though winner among tied contestants. Which
the last pitch was way outside. situation below is the best example of a
c. The pitcher throws his famous Tiebreaker?
knuckleball, Joe swings and misses, and a. At halftime, the score is tied at 28.
the umpire calls a strike. b. Mary and Megan have each scored
d. The count is two balls and two strikes three goals in the game.
as Mario waits for the next pitch. c. The referee tosses a coin to decide
which team will have possession of the
ball first.
d. The Sharks and the Bears each finished
with 14 points, and they are now battling
it out in a five-minute overtime.
50
 Q UESTI O NS

332. Establishing a Power of Attorney occurs 334. Posthumous Publication occurs when a
when a legal document is created that gives book is published after the author’s death.
one individual the authority to act for Which situation below is the best example
another. Which situation below is the best of Posthumous Publication?
example of Establishing a Power of Attorney? a. Richard’s illness took his life before he
a. Louise is selling her house and she hires was able to enjoy the amazing early
a lawyer to review the contract. reviews of his novel.
b. Simone’s mother can no longer get to the b. Melissa’s publisher cancels her book con-
bank to cash her checks and make tract after she fails to deliver the
deposits, so she has taken legal steps to manuscript on time.
enable Simone to do these things for her. c. Clarence never thought he’d live to see
c. Jack’s father is elderly and Jack thinks he the third book in his trilogy published.
is no longer able to make decisions for d. Elizabeth is honored with a prestigious lit-
himself. erary award for her writing career and
d. At her daughter’s urging, Mrs. Lenox her daughter accepts the award on behalf
opens up a retirement account with of her deceased mother.
the local bank.

333. Erratic Behavior occurs when an individual

acts in a manner that lacks consistency,
regu- larity, and uniformity. Which situation
below is the best example of Erratic
Behavior?
a. Julia cannot contain her anger
whenever the subject of local politics is
discussed.
b. Martin has just been told that he is
being laid off. Before leaving his
supervisor’s office, he punches a hole
in the door.
c. Rhonda has visited the dealership
several times, but she still cannot decide
which car to buy.
d. In the past month, Jeffrey, who has been
a model employee for three years, has
repeat- edly called in sick, forgotten
important meetings, and been verbally
abusive to colleagues.
51
 Q UESTI O NS

} Set 21 (Answers begin on page 124.) consists of some of the wealthiest and
most powerful citizens in the county.
This set contains additional situations. Each b. Lindy recently graduated at the top of
question presents a situation and asks you to make a her class from one of the best dental
judgment regarding that particular circumstance. hygiene programs in the state. Prior to
Answer each one solely on the basis of the becoming a dental hygienist, Lindy spent
information given. two years working in a day care center.
c. James has worked as a dental hygienist
335. The school principal has received complaints for threeyears in a public health clinic.
from parents about bullying in the school He is very interested in securing a
yard during recess. He wants to investigate position in a private dental office.
and end this situation as soon as possible, d. Kathy is an experienced and highly
so he has asked the recess aides to watch recom- mended dental hygienist who is
closely. Which situation should the recess also finish- ing up a degree in early
aides report to the principal? childhood education, which she hopes
a. A girl is sitting glumly on a bench reading a will get her a job as a preschool teacher.
book and not interacting with her peers. She is eager to find a job in a pediatric
b. Four girls are surrounding another girl and practice, since she has always wanted to
seem to have possession of her backpack. work with children.
c. Two boys are playing a one-on-one game
of basketball and are arguing over the last 337. Mrs. Jansen recently moved to Arizona. She
bas- ket scored. wants to fill her new backyard with
d. Three boys are huddled over a handheld flowering plants. Although she is an
video game, which isn’t supposed to be experienced gar- dener, she isn’t very well-
on school grounds. versed in what plants will do well in the
Arizona climate. Also, there is a big tree in
336. Dr. Miller has a busy pediatric dentistry prac- her backyard mak- ing for shady conditions
tice and she needs a skilled, reliable and she isn’t sure what plants will thrive
hygienist to keep things running smoothly. without much direct sunlight. Her favorite
The last two people she hired were gardening catalog offers several backyard
recommended by top dentists in the area, seed packages. Which one should Mrs.
but they each lasted less than one month. Jansen choose?
She is now in desperate need of a hygienist a. The Rainbow Collection is ideal for
who can competently handle the specific North- east gardens. It includes a variety
challenges of her practice. Which one of the of color- ful perennials that thrive in cool,
following candidates should Dr. Miller moist conditions.
consider most seriously? b. The Greenhouse Collection will blossom
a. Marilyn has been a hygienist for fifteen year after year if planted in brightly lit
years, and her current employer, who is loca- tions and watered regularly.
about to retire, says she is the best in the c. The Treehouse Collection will provide
business. The clientele she has worked lush green plants with delicate colorful
with flowers
52
 Q UESTI O NS

that thrive in shady and partially less professionals who use the train to com-
shady locations. mute to their offices each day
d. The Oasis Collection includes a variety of b. a little shop three blocks away from the
perennials that thrive in dry climates town’s main street, located across the
and bright sunlight. street from an elementary school and
next door to an ice cream store
338. Eileen is planning a special birthday dinner c. a stand-alone storefront on a quiet
for her husband’s 35th birthday. She wants residen- tial street ten blocks away from
the evening to be memorable, but her hus- the town’s center
band is a simple man who would rather be d. a storefront in a small strip mall located
in jeans at a baseball game than in a suit at on the outskirts of town that is also
a fancy restaurant. Which restaurant below occupied by a pharmacy and a dry
should Eileen choose? cleaner
a. Alfredo’s offers fine Italian cuisine and an
elegant Tuscan décor. Patrons will feel as 340. Rita, an accomplished pastry chef who is
though they’ve spent the evening in a well known for her artistic and exquisite
luxu- rious Italian villa. wedding cakes, opened a bakery one year
b. Pancho’s Mexican Buffet is an all-you- ago and is surprised that business has been
can- eat family style smorgasbord with so slow. A consultant she hired to conduct
the best tacos in town. market research has reported that the local
c. The Parisian Bistro is a four-star French popula- tion doesn’t think of her shop as
restaurant where guests are treated like one they would visit on a daily basis but
roy- alty. Chef Dilbert Olay is famous for rather a place they’d visit if they were
his beef bourguignon. celebrating a special occasion. Which of the
d. Marty’s serves delicious, hearty meals in following strategies should Rita employ to
a charming setting reminiscent of a increase her daily business?
baseball clubhouse in honor of the a. making coupons available that entitle the
owner, Marty Lester, a former major coupon holder to receivea 25% discount
league baseball all- star. on wedding, anniversary, or birthday cakes
b. exhibiting at the next Bridal Expo and
339. Mark is working with a realtor to find a loca- hav- ing pieces of one of her wedding
tion for the toy store he plans to open in his cakes available for tasting
town. He is looking for a place that is either c. placing a series of ads in the local
in, or not too far from, the center of town newspa- per that advertise the wide array
and one that would attract the right kind of of breads, muffins, and cookies offered at
foot traffic. Which of the following her shop
locations should Mark’s realtor call to his d. moving the bakery to the other side of town
attention?
a. a storefront in a new high-rise building
near the train station in the center of
town whose occupants are mainly young,
child-

53
 Q UESTI O NS

341. Mrs. Carson took a taxi to meether three 2. Take the employee back to the human
friends for lunch. They werewaiting for her resources office and have him complete a
outsidethe restaurant when she pulled up in general informa- tion questionnaire, a
the car. She was soexcited to see her friends healthcare insurance form, and a tax form.
that she left her totebag in the taxi. As the 3. Take a photograph of the employee for his
taxi pulled away, she and her friends took iden- tification card.
notice of the license plate number so they 4. Issue the employee a temporary
would be able to identify the car when they identification card.
called the taxi company. The four license 5. Walk the employee to the department in
plate numbers below represent what each of which he will be working and introduce him
the four women thinks she saw. Which one is to his colleagues.
mostlikely the licenseplatenumber of
6. Bring the employee to his office or cubicle.
thetaxi?
a. JXK 12L 343. It is Kate Milford’s first day of work as a para-
b. JYK 12L legal at the law firm of Jasper, Jenkins &
c. JXK 12I Mead. Taylor Franklin, the human resources
d. JXX 12L man- ager, greets Kate in the reception area
and gets her a cup of tea as they walk back
342. Zachary has invited his three buddies over to to the human resources office. Taylor asks
watch the basketball game on his wide- Kate to sit at a table and fill out three forms.
screen television. They are all hungry, but no While Kate completesthe forms, Taylor
one wants to leave to get food. Just as they checks her mes- sages and asks her secretary
are arguing about who should make the to confirm a meet- ing she has for later that
food run, a commercial comes on for a local morning. Taylor then takes a photograph of
pizze- ria that delivers. The phone number Katethat will be used on her company
flashes on the screen briefly and they all try identification card. As Taylor walks Kate over
to remember it. By the time Zachary grabs to the paralegal department, she tells her
a pen and paper, each of them recollects a that the identification card should be ready in
dif- ferent number. Which of the numbers a couple of days. Taylor introduces Kateto
is most likely the telephone number of the her new colleagues, who all greet her quite
pizzeria? warmly, and then shows her to her new
a. 995-9266 cubicle, jots down her phone extension, and
b. 995-9336 says that Kateshould call her if she has any
c. 995-9268 questions at all. Taylor Franklin’s actions
d. 995-8266 were
a. proper, because she is the human
Answer question 343 solely on the basis of the resources manager and knows how to
follow- ing information. greet a new employee.
b. improper, because she did not spend
When a new employee is hired at the law firm, a
enough time making sure that Kate
human resources representative should take the
was comfortable.
following steps on the employee’s first day of work.
c. proper, because she told Katethat she
should feel free to call her if she had
1. Greet the employee in the reception area
questions.
and offer him coffee or tea.
d. improper, because she did not issue a
tem- porary identification card.
54
 Q UESTI O NS

Answer question 344 solely on the basis of the 344. Marcus and Cynthia Howard arrive at Smith-
follow- ing information. field Realty for their appointment with real-
tor Patricia Russo. Ms. Russo leads the
When a client comes in looking for a new home, the couple to a comfortable sofa in her office
real estate agency requires its realtors to follow and gets them both a cup of coffee. Ms.
some specific guidelines during the first meeting. The Russo asks Marcus and Cynthia what kind of
realtor is expected to do the following. house they are looking for and it becomes
clear that they have very particular ideas.
1. Be sure the client is comfortably seated and Most importantly, they are looking for a
has been offered a drink. house that is in walk- ing distance of the
2. Get background information on the client’s cur- train station. They also want a newer house,
rent living circumstances. preferably one built after 1970.
3. Ask the client what qualities she is looking for They must havefour bedrooms and
in a house. cen- tral air conditioning. A finished
4. Discuss the price range that the client has in basement would be a welcome bonus. Ms.
mind and determine whether or not she has Russo dis- cusses price range with her new
been preapproved for a mortgage. clients, and before the discussion is finished,
5. With the computer screen facing the client, they hand her a letter from their mortgage
browse the current house listings and print company that indicates that they have been
out information for any of the houses that the preapproved for a mortgage. Together, the
client would like to see in person. three of them browse the listings on Ms.
6. Ask the client if she is available to look at some Russo’s computer screen and information is
of the houses immediately, and if not, make an printed out for four houses that the couple
appointment to show her the houses as soon would like to see. Ms. Russo determines that
as possible. Marcus and Cynthia are free for another few
hours, so the three of them head to her car
to begin looking at potential new homes.
Based on the company guidelines, the actions
taken by Ms. Russo were
a. improper, because she was only able to
find four houses that Marcus and Cynthia
wanted to see.
b. proper, because she obtained all the
neces- sary information from the clients.
c. improper, because she failed to get
any details about the client’s current
living circumstances.
d. proper, because she didn’t try to
persuade the clients to consider houses
that didn’t meet all of their criteria.

55
 Q UESTI O NS

345. The film director wants an actress for the 346. The neighborhood block association has
lead role of Lucy who perfectly fits the received many complaints about people
description that appears in the original knocking on doors and soliciting money for
screenplay. He is not willing to consider an unknown charity organization even
actresseswho do not resemble the though door-to-door solicitation is prohib-
character as she is described in the ited by local laws. Three residents have
screenplay, no mat- ter how talented they pro- vided descriptions of individuals who
are. The screenplay describes Lucy as an have come to their door asking for money.
average-sized, forty- something redhead,
with deep brown eyes, very fair skin, and a Solicitor #1 is a white male, 20–25 years old,
brilliant smile. The cast- ing agent has four 5'9", 145 pounds, with very short brown hair.
actresses in mind. He was wearing a dark blue suit and carrying
a brown leather briefcase.
Actress #1 is a stunning red-haired beauty
who is 5'9" and in her mid-twenties. Her eyes Solicitor #2 is a white male, 25–30 years old,
are brown and she has an olive complexion. 6'2", 200 pounds, with a shaved-head. He was
wearing a red T-shirt and jeans.
Actress #2 has red hair, big brown eyes, and
a fair complexion. She is in her mid-forties Solicitor #3 is a white male,
and is 5'5". approximately 23 years old, 5'10", slight
build, with short brown hair. He was
Actress #3 is 5'4" and of medium build. She wearing a blue suit.
has red hair, brown eyes, and is in her early
forties. Three days after the block association meet-
ing, a resident noticed a man knocking on
Actress #4 is a blue-eyed redhead in her early doors in the neighborhood and phoned the
thirties. She’s of very slight build and stands police to report the illegal activity. This solic-
at 5'. itor was described as follows:

Which two actresses should the casting agent Solicitor #4 is a white male, 22 years old, 140
send to meet the director? pounds, about 5'10", with short brown hair.
a. 1, 2 He was carrying a briefcase and wearing a
b. 2, 3 dark suit.
c. 1, 4
d. 2, 4 Based on this description, which of the three
solicitations was also likely carried out by
Solicitor #4?
a. #1, #2, and #3
b. #1, but not #2 and #3
c. #1 and #3, but not #2
d. #1 and #2, but not #3

56
 Q UESTI O NS

} Set 22 (Answers begin on page 125.) 349. The Pacific yew is an evergreen tree that
grows in the Pacific Northwest. The Pacific
Here’s another type of verbal reasoning question. yew has a fleshy, poisonous fruit. Recently,
For each item in this set, you will be given a short, taxol, a substance found in the bark of the
infor- mational paragraph and four answer choices. Pacific yew, was discovered to be a
Look for the statement that must be true according promising new anticancer drug.
to the given information. The best way to approach a. Taxol is poisonous when taken by healthy
this problem is to read the answer choices in turn, people.
going back each time to look for that exact b. Taxol has cured people from
information in the short passage. various diseases.
c. People should not eat the fruit of
For questions 347 through 357, find the the Pacific yew.
statementthat d. The Pacific yew was considered
must be true according to the given information. worthless until taxol was discovered.

350. On weekends, Mr. Sanchez spends many

347. Erin is twelve years old. For three years, she hours working in his vegetable and flower
has been asking her parents for a dog. Her gardens. Mrs. Sanchez spends her free time
parents have told her that they believe a reading and listening to classical music.
dog would not be happy in an apartment, Both Mr. Sanchez and Mrs. Sanchez like to
but they have given her permission to have cook.
a bird. Erin has not yet decided what kind a. Mr. Sanchez enjoys planting and
of bird she would like to have. growing vegetables.
a. Erin’s parents like birds better than
b. Mr. Sanchez does not like classical music.
they like dogs. c. Mrs. Sanchez cooks the vegetables that
b. Erin does not like birds. Mr. Sanchez grows.
c. Erin and her parents live in an apartment. d. Mrs. Sanchez enjoys reading
d. Erin and her parents would like to move. nineteenth- century novels.

348. Last summer, Mike spent two weeks at a

summer camp. There, he went hiking,
swim- ming, and canoeing. This summer,
Mike looks forward to attending a two-week
music camp, where he hopes to sing, dance,
and learn to play the guitar.
a. Mike’s parents want him to learn to play the
guitar.
b. Mike prefers music to outdoor activities.
c. Mike goes to some type of camp
every summer.
d. Mike likes to sing and dance.

57
 Q UESTI O NS

351. Tim’s commute never bothered him because 353. Seahorse populations have declined every-
there were always seats available on the where that seahorses are fished. During the
train and he was able to spend his 40 past five years, seahorse populations have
minutes comfortably reading the newspaper decreased by 50%. Last year, biologists met
or catch- ing up on paperwork. Ever since to discuss what might be done to reverse
the train schedule changed, the train has this trend.
been extremely crowded, and by the time a. Seahorses are likely to become extinct
the doors open at his station, there isn’t a within five years.
seat to be found. b. One way to increase seahorse populations
a. Tim would be better off taking the is to ban the fishing of seahorses.
bus to work. c. Biologists from all over the world are
b. Tim’s commute is less comfortable since work- ing to savethe seahorses.
the train schedule changed.
d. Seahorse fishermen have spoken out against
c. Many commuters will complain about
the biologists.
the new train schedule.
d. Tim will likely look for a new job 354. Vincent has a paper route. Each morning, he
closer to home. delivers 37 newspapers to customers in his
neighborhood. It takes Vincent 50 minutes
352. When they heard news of the hurricane, to deliver all the papers. If Vincent is sick or
Maya and Julian decided to change their has other plans, his friend Thomas, who lives
vacation plans. Instead of traveling to the on the same street, will sometimes deliver
island beach resort, they booked a room at a the papers for him.
fancy new spa in the mountains. Their plans a. Vincent and Thomas live in the
were a bit more expensive, but they’d heard same neighborhood.
wonderful things about the spa and they
b. It takes Thomas more than 50 minutes
were relieved to find availability on such
to deliver the papers.
short notice.
c. It is dark outside when Vincent begins
a. Maya and Julian take beach his deliveries.
vacations every year. d. Thomas would like to have his own
b. The spa is overpriced. paper route.
c. It is usually necessary to book at least
six months in advance at the spa. 355. Georgia is older than her cousin Marsha.
d. Maya and Julian decided to change Marsha’s brother Bart is older than
their vacation plans because of the Georgia. When Marsha and Bart are
hurricane. visiting with Georgia, all three like to play a
game of Monopoly. Marsha wins more
often than Georgia does.
a. When he plays Monopoly with Marsha
and Georgia, Bart often loses.
b. Of the three, Georgia is the oldest.
c. Georgia hates to lose at Monopoly.
d. Of the three, Marsha is the youngest.

58
 Q UESTI O NS

356. Ten new television shows appeared during 357. Sara lives in a large city on the East Coast.
the month of September. Five of the shows Her younger cousin Marlee lives in the Mid-
were sitcoms, three were hour-long dramas, westin a small town with fewer than 1,000
and two were news-magazine shows. By residents. Marlee has visited Sara several
Jan- uary, only seven of these new shows times during the past five years. In the
were still on the air. Five of the shows that same period of time, Sara has visited
remained were sitcoms. Marlee only once.
a. Only one of the news-magazine a. Marlee likes Sara better than Sara
shows remained on the air. likes Marlee.
b. Only one of the hour-long b. Sara thinks small towns are boring.
dramas remained on the air.
c. Sara is older than Marlee.
c. At least one of the shows that was
d. Marlee wants to move to the East Coast.
cancelled was an hour-long drama.
d. Television viewers prefer sitcoms
over hour-long dramas.

59
 Q UESTI O NS

} Set 23 (Answers begin on page 126.) 360. All the tulips in Zoe’s garden are white.
All the pansies in Zoe’s garden are
The next three sets contain short logic problems.
Each problem consists of three statements. Based on yellow.
the first two statements, the third statement may be All the flowers in Zoe’s garden are either
true, false, or uncertain. white or yellow.
Logic problems may appear daunting at first. If the first two statements are true, the third
However, solving these problems can be done in the statement is
most straightforward way. Simply translate the a. true.
abstract relationships in the questions into real-world
b. false.
relation- ships, so you can see the facts more clearly.
c. uncertain.
For exam- ple, if the problem is comparing the ages
of three people, make a chart and list the names of 361. Blueberries cost more than strawberries.
the people and their possible ages according to the
Blueberries cost lest than raspberries.
information given. Or, create a diagram using symbols
to represent phrases like “older than” or “greater Raspberries cost more than both
than.” strawberries
and blueberries.
358. Tanya is older than Eric.
If the first two statements are true, the third
Cliff is older than Tanya. statement is
Eric is older than Cliff. a. true.
If the first two statements are true, the third b. false.
statement is c. uncertain.
a. true.
362. All the offices on the 9th floor have wall-
b. false.
to- wall carpeting.
c. uncertain.
No wall-to-wall carpeting is pink.
359. During the past year, Josh saw more movies None of the offices on the 9th floor has pink
than Stephen. wall-to-wall carpeting.
Stephen saw fewer movies than Darren. If the first two statements are true, the third
Darren saw more movies than Josh. statement is
If the first two statements are true, the third a. true.
statement is b. false.
a. true. c. uncertain.
b. false.
363. Class A has a higher enrollment than Class B.
c. uncertain.
Class C has a lower enrollment than Class B.
Class A has a lower enrollment than Class C.
If the first two statements are true, the
third statement is
a. true.
b. false.
c. uncertain.
60
 Q UESTI O NS

364. Rover weighs less than Fido. 367. The Kingston Mall has more stores than
Rover weighs more than the Galleria.
Boomer. The Four Corners Mall has fewer stores than
Of the three dogs, Boomer weighs the least. the Galleria.
If the first two statements are true, the The Kingston Mall has more stores than
third the Four Corners Mall.
statement is If the first two statements are true, the third
a. true. statement is
b. false. a. true.
c. uncertain. b. false.
c. uncertain.
365. All the trees in the park are flowering trees.
Some of the trees in the park are 368. Mara runs faster than Gail.
dogwoods. All dogwoods are flowering Lily runs faster than Mara.
trees. Gail runs faster than Lily.
If the first two statements are true, the If the first two statements are true, the third
third statement is statement is
a. true. a. true.
b. false. b. false.
c. uncertain. c. uncertain.

366. Apartments in the Riverdale Manor cost less

than apartments in The Gaslight Commons.
Apartments in the Livingston Gate cost
more than apartments in the The Gaslight
Commons.
Of the three apartment buildings, the Liv-
ingston Gate costs the most.
If the first two statements are true, the
third statement is
a. true.
b. false.
c. uncertain.
61
 Q UESTI O NS

} Set 24 (Answers begin on page 127.) 371. The temperature on Monday was lower
than on Tuesday.
Some of the logic questions in this set ask you to
The temperature on Wednesday was lower
deter- mine the direction of a particular place in
than on Tuesday.
relation to other places. For these problems, instead
of making a chart or grid, draw a very simple map The temperature on Monday was higher than
and label North, South, East, and West to help you on Wednesday.
see where the places are located in relation to each If the first two statements are true, the third
other. statement is
a. true.
369. Oat cereal has more fiber than corn cereal b. false.
but less fiber than bran cereal. c. uncertain.
Corn cereal has more fiber than rice cereal
but less fiber than wheat cereal. 372. Spot is bigger than King and smaller than
Sugar.
Of the three kinds of cereal, rice cereal has
the least amount of fiber. Ralph is smaller than Sugar and bigger than
Spot.
If the first two statements are true, the third
statement is King is bigger than Ralph.
a. true. If the first two statements are true, the third
b. false. statement is
c. uncertain. a. true.
b. false.
370. On the day the Barton triplets are c. uncertain.
born, Jenna weighs more than Jason.
Jason weighs less than Jasmine. 373. A fruit basket contains more apples than
lemons.
Of the three babies, Jasmine weighs the most.
There are more lemons in the basket than
If the first two statements are true, the third
there are oranges.
statement is
a. true. The basket contains more apples than
oranges.
b. false.
c. uncertain. If the first two statements are true, the third
statement is
a. true.
b. false.
c. uncertain.

62
 Q UESTI O NS

374. The Shop and Save Grocery is south 377. Battery X lasts longer than Battery Y.
of Greenwood Pharmacy.
Battery Y doesn’t last as long as Battery
Rebecca’s house is northeast of Greenwood
Z. Battery Z lasts longer than Battery X.
Pharmacy.
If the first two statements are true, the third
Rebecca’s house is west of the Shop and
statement is
Save Grocery.
a. true.
If the first two statements are true, the
b. false.
third statement is
c. uncertain.
a. true.
b. false. 378. Martina is sitting in the desk behind Jerome.
c. uncertain.
Jerome is sitting in the desk behind Bryant.
375. Joe is younger than Bryant is sitting in the desk behind Martina.
Kathy. Mark was born If the first two statements are true, the third
after Joe. Kathy is older statement is
a. true.
than Mark.
b. false.
If the first two statements are true, the c. uncertain.
third statement is
a. true. 379. Middletown is north of Centerville.
b. false. Centerville is east of Penfield.
c. uncertain.
Penfield is northwest of Middletown.

376. All spotted Gangles have long tails. If the first two statements are true, the third
Short-haired Gangles always have short statement is
a. true.
tails. Long-tailed Gangles never have short
b. false.
hair. c. uncertain.
If the first two statements are true, the
third statement is
a. true.
b. false.
c. uncertain.
63
 Q UESTI O NS

} Set 25 (Answers begin on page 128.) 383. Tom puts on his socks before he puts on
his shoes.
Here’s your last set of “true-false-uncertain”
He puts on his shirt before he puts on his
problems. Remember, the best way to answer
jacket.
questions like this is usually to draw a quick diagram
or take notes. Tom puts on his shoes before he puts on his
shirt.
380. Taking the train across town is quicker If the first two statements are true, the third
than taking the bus. statement is
Taking the bus across town is slower than a. true.
driving a car. b. false.
c. uncertain.
Taking the train across town is quicker than
driving a car. 384. Three pencils cost the same as two
If the first two statements are true, the third erasers. Four erasers cost the same as
statement is
one ruler. Pencils are more expensive
a. true.
b. false. than rulers.
c. uncertain. If the first two statements are true, the third
statement is
381. All Lamels are Signots with a. true.
buttons. No yellow Signots have b. false.
buttons. No Lamels are yellow. c. uncertain.

If the first two statements are true, the third

385. A jar of jelly beans contains more red
statement is
beans than green.
a. true.
b. false. There are more yellow beans than red.
c. uncertain. The jar contains fewer yellow jelly beans
than green ones.
382. The hotel is two blocks east of the If the first two statements are true, the third
drugstore. The market is one block west of statement is
the hotel. The drugstore is west of the a. true.
market. b. false.
c. uncertain.
If the first two statements are true, the third
statement is
a. true.
b. false.
c. uncertain.
64
 Q UESTI O NS

386. Cloudy days tend to be more windy than 388. At a parking lot, a sedan is parked to the
sunny days. right of a pickup and to the left of a sport
Foggy days tend to be less windy than utility vehicle.
cloudy days. A minivan is parked to the left of the pickup.
Sunny days tend to be less windy than The minivan is parked between the pickup
foggy days. and the sedan.
If the first two statements are true, the third If the first two statements are true, the third
statement is statement is
a. true. a. true.
b. false. b. false.
c. uncertain. c. uncertain.

387. The bookstore has a better selection of post- 389. A toothpick is useful.
cards than the newsstand does. Useful things are
The selection of postcards at the drugstore valuable. A toothpick is
is better than at the bookstore.
valuable.
The drugstore has a better selection of
If the first two statements are true, the
post- cards than the bookstore or the
third statement is
newsstand.
a. true.
If the first two statements are true, the third
b. false.
statement is
c. uncertain.
a. true.
b. false.
c. uncertain.

65
 Q UESTI O NS

} Set 26 (Answers begin on page 129.) 392. Fact 1: All chickens are birds.
Fact 2: Some chickens are
The logic problems in this set present you with three hens. Fact 3: Female birds lay
true statements: Fact 1, Fact 2, and Fact 3. Then, you
eggs.
are given three more statements (labeled I, II, and
III), and you must determine which of these, if any, If the first three statements are facts, which of
is also a fact. One or two of the statements could be the following statements must also be a fact?
true; all of the statements could be true; or none of I. All birds lay eggs.
the state- ments could be true. Choose your answer II. Hens are birds.
based solely on the information given in the first III. Some chickens are not hens.
three facts. a. II only
b. II and III only
390. Fact 1: Jessica has four children. c. I, II, and III
Fact 2: Two of the children have blue eyes d. None of the statements is a known fact.
and two of the children have
393. Fact 1: Most stuffed toys are stuffed with
brown eyes.
beans.
Fact 3: Half of the children are girls.
Fact 2: There are stuffed bears and stuffed
If the first three statements are facts, which of tigers.
the following statements must also be a fact?
Fact 3: Some chairs are stuffed with beans.
I. At least one girl has blue eyes.
If the first three statements are facts, which of
II. Two of the children are boys.
the following statements must also be a fact?
III. The boys have brown eyes.
I. Only children’s chairs are stuffed
a. II only
with beans.
b. I and III only
II. All stuffed tigers are stuffed with beans.
c. II and III only
III. Stuffed monkeys are not stuffed
d. None of the statements is a known fact.
with beans.
391. Fact 1: All hats have brims. a. I only
Fact 2: There are black hats and blue hats. b. II only
Fact 3: Baseball caps are hats. c. II and III only
d. None of the statements is a known fact.
If the first three statements are facts, which of
the following statements must also be a fact?
I. All caps have brims.
II. Some baseball caps are blue.
III. Baseball caps have no brims.
a. I only
b. II only
c. I, II, and III
d. None of the statements is a known fact.

66
 Q UESTI O NS

394. Fact 1: Pictures can tell a story. 397. Fact 1: All drink mixes are
Fact 2: All storybooks have pictures.
beverages. Fact 2: All beverages
Fact 3: Some storybooks have
are drinkable. Fact 3: Some
words.
beverages are red.
If the first three statements are facts, which
If the first three statements are facts, which of
of the following statements must also be a
the following statements must also be a fact?
fact?
I. Some drink mixes are red.
I. Pictures can tell a story better
II. All beverages are drink mixes.
than words can.
III. All red drink mixes are drinkable.
II. The stories in storybooks are very
a. I only
simple.
b. II only
III. Some storybooks have both words
c. I and III
and pictures.
d. None of the statements is a known fact.
a. I only
b. II only
398. Fact 1: Eyeglass frames cost between
c. III only
$35 and $350.
d. None of the statements is a known fact.
Fact 2: Some eyeglass frames are made of
395. Fact 1: Robert has four vehicles. titanium.
Fact 2: Two of the vehicles are red. Fact 3: Some eyeglass frames are made of
plastic.
Fact 3: One of the vehicles is a minivan.
If the first three statements are facts, which of
If the first three statements are facts, which
the following statements must also be a fact?
of the following statements must also be a
I. Titanium eyeglass frames cost more than
fact?
plastic frames.
I. Robert has a red minivan.
II. Expensive eyeglass frames last longer
II. Robert has three cars.
than cheap frames.
III. Robert’s favorite color is red.
III. Only a few eyeglass frames cost
a. I only
less than $35.
b. II only
a. II only
c. II and III only
b. I and II only
d. None of the statements is a known fact.
c. II and III only
396. Fact 1: Islands are surrounded by d. None of the statements is a known fact.
water. Fact 2: Maui is an island.
Fact 3: Maui was formed by a volcano.
If the first three statements are facts, which
of
the following statements must also be a fact?
I. Maui is surrounded by water.
II. All islands are formed by volcanoes.
III. All volcanoes are on islands.
a. I only
b. III only
c. I and II only
d. None of the statements is a known fact.
67
 Q UESTI O NS

399. Fact 1: Some pens don’t 401. Fact 1: All dogs like to run.
write. Fact 2: All blue pens Fact 2: Some dogs like to swim.
write.
Fact 3: Some dogs look like their masters.
Fact 3: Some writing utensils are pens.
If the first three statements are facts, which
If the first three statements are facts, which of the following statements must also be a
of the following statements must also be a fact?
fact? I. All dogs who like to swim look like their
I. Some writing utensils don’t write. masters.
II. Some writing utensils are blue. II. Dogs who like to swim also like to run.
III. Some blue writing utensils don’t write. III. Dogs who like to run do not look like
a. II only their masters.
b. I and II only a. I only
c. II and III only b. II only
d. None of the statements is a known fact. c. II and III only
d. None of the statements is a known fact.
400. Fact 1: Mary said, “Ann and I both have
cats.”
Fact 2: Ann said, “I don’t have a cat.”
Fact 3: Mary always tells the truth, but Ann
sometimes lies.
If the first three statements are facts, which
of
the following statements must also be a fact?
I. Ann has a cat.
II. Mary has a cat.
III. Ann is lying.
a. II only
b. I and II only
c. I, II, and III
d. None of the statements is a known fact.
68
 Q UESTI O NS

} Set 27 (Answers begin on page 130.) 404. Four friends in the sixth grade were sharing
a pizza. They decided that the oldest friend
Here is yet another set of logic questions. The logic would get the extra piece. Randy is two
problems in this set are somewhat more complex months older than Greg, who is three
than the ones in the previous sets, but your approach months younger than Ned. Kent is one
should be the same. Make a chart or grid so that you month older than Greg. Who should get
can order the given information. the extra piece of pizza?
a. Randy
402. Children are in pursuit of a dog whose leash b. Greg
has broken. James is directly behind the dog. c. Ned
Ruby is behind James. Rachel is behind Ruby. d. Kent
Max is ahead of the dog walking down the
street in the opposite direction. As the chil- 405. A four-person crew from Classic Colors is
dren and dog pass, Max turns around and painting Mr. Field’s house. Michael is paint-
joins the pursuit. He runs in behind Ruby. ing the front of the house. Ross is in the
James runs faster and is alongside the dog alley behind the house painting the back.
on the left. Ruby runs faster and is alongside Jed is painting the window frames on the
the dog on the right. Which child is directly north side, Shawn is on the south. If
behind the dog? Michael switches places with Jed, and Jed
a. James then switches places with Shawn, where is
b. Ruby Shawn?
c. Rachel a. in the alley behind the house
d. Max b. on the north side of the house
c. in front of the house
403. Nurse Kemp has worked more night shifts in d. on the south side of the house
a row than Nurse Rogers, who has worked
five. Nurse Miller has worked fifteen night 406. In a four-day period—Monday through
shifts in a row, more than Nurses Kemp Thursday—each of the following temporary
and Rogers combined. Nurse Calvin has office workers worked only one day, each a
worked eight night shifts in a row, less different day. Ms. Johnson was scheduled to
than Nurse Kemp. How many night shifts in work on Monday, but she traded with Mr.
a row has Nurse Kemp worked? Carter, who was originally scheduled to
a. eight work on Wednesday. Ms. Falk traded with
b. nine Mr. Kirk, who was originally scheduled to
c. ten work on Thursday. After all the switching
d. eleven was done, who worked on Tuesday?
a. Mr. Carter
b. Ms. Falk
c. Ms. Johnson
d. Mr. Kirk

69
 Q UESTI O NS

407. The high school math department needs to 410. Four defensive football players are chasing
appoint a new chairperson, which will be the opposing wide receiver, who has the
based on seniority. Ms. Westhas less ball. Calvin is directly behind the ball
senior- ity than Mr. Temple, but more than carrier. Jenkins and Burton are side by side
Ms. Brody. Mr. Rhodes has more seniority behind Calvin. Zeller is behind Jenkins and
than Ms. West, but less than Mr. Temple. Burton. Calvin tries for the tackle but
Mr. Temple doesn’t want the job. Who will misses and falls. Burton trips. Which
be the new math department chairperson? defensive player tackles the receiver?
a. Mr. Rhodes a. Burton
b. Mr. Temple b. Zeller
c. Ms. West c. Jenkins
d. Ms. Brody d. Calvin

408. Four people witnessed a mugging. Each gave 411. Danielle has been visiting friends in Ridge-
a different description of the mugger. Which wood for the past two weeks. She is leaving
description is probably right? tomorrow morning and her flight is very
a. He was average height, thin, early. Most of her friends live fairly close to
and middle-aged. the airport. Madison lives ten miles away.
b. He was tall, thin, and middle-aged. Frances lives five miles away, Samantha,
c. He was tall, thin, and young. seven miles. Alexis is farther away than
d. He was tall, of average weight, Frances, but closer than Samantha.
and middle-aged. Approxi- mately how far away from the
airport is Alexis?
409. As they prepare for the state championships, a. nine miles
one gymnast must be moved from the Level
b. seven miles
2 team to the Level 1 team. The coaches will
c. eight miles
move the gymnast who has won the biggest
d. six miles
prize and who has the most experience. In
the last competition, Roberta won a bronze 412. Ms. Forest likes to let her students choose
medal and has competed seven times who their partners will be; however, no
before. Jamie has won a silver medal and has pair of students may work together more
com- peted fewer times than Roberta. Beth than seven class periods in a row. Adam
has won a higher medal than Jamie and has and Bax- ter have studied together seven
com- peted more times than Roberta. class periods in a row. Carter and Dennis
Michele has won a bronze medal, and it is have worked together three class periods
her third time competing. Who will be in a row. Carter does not want to work
moved to the Level 1 team? with Adam. Who should be assigned to
a. Roberta work with Baxter?
b. Beth a. Carter
c. Michele b. Adam
d. Jamie c. Dennis
d. Forest

70
 Q UESTI O NS

413. At the baseball game, Henry was sitting in

seat 253. Marla was sitting to the right of
Henry in seat 254. In the seatto the left of
Henry was George. Inez was sitting to the
left of George. Which seat is Inez sitting in?
a. 251
b. 254
c. 255
d. 256

71
 Q UESTI O NS

} Set 28 (Answers begin on page 131.) 414. If the legislature decides to fund the
agricul- tural subsidy program, national
Questions that involve analytical reasoning—better radio, and the small business loan
known as “logic games”—tend to inspire fear in program, the only other single program
most test takers. These games give the most trouble that can be funded is
to test takers who haven’t defined a specific method a. hurricane preparedness.
for solv- ing these problems. The best way to attack b. harbor improvements.
logic games is to havea plan. When solving the c. school music program.
problems in this set, try the following strategy: d. senate office building remodeling.
e. international airport.
1. Know the rules of the logic game and what each
rule means. 415. If the legislature decides to fund the
2. Draw up an easy-to-reference diagram agricul- tural subsidy program, national
that includes all of the game’s radio, and the small business loan
information. program, what two other programs could
3. Look for common elements in the rules; you they fund?
can combine these to makedeductions. a. harbor improvements and international
4. Read the questions carefully; be sure you airport
know what is being asked before you try to b. harbor improvements and school
answer the question. music program
c. hurricane preparedness and school
Now, try solving the logic games in this set. music program
d. hurricane preparedness and
Answer questions 414 through 416 on the basis of international airport
the information below. e. harbor improvements and
hurricane preparedness
The government of an island nation is in the
process of deciding how to spend its limited 416. Senators from urban areas are very con-
income. It has $7 million left in its budget and cerned about assuring that there will be
eight programs to choose among. There is no funding for a new international airport. Sen-
provision in the constitution to have a surplus, ators from rural areas refuse to fund
and each program has requested the minimum anything until money for agricultural
amount they need; in other words, no subsidies is appropriated. If the legislature
program may be partially funded. The funds these two programs, on which of the
programs and their funding requests are: following could they spend the rest of the
money?
■ Hurricane preparedness: $2.5 million a. the school music program and
■ Harbor improvements: $1 million national radio
■ School music program: $0.5 million b. hurricane preparedness
■ Senate officebuilding remodeling: $1.5 million c. harbor improvements and the school music
■ Agricultural subsidy program: $2 million program
■ National radio: $0.5 million d. small business loan program
■ Small business loan program: $3 million e. national radio and senate office building
■ International airport: $4 million remodeling

72
For More Free Material Visit: GOSSC.in
 Q UESTI O NS

Answer questions 417 through 418 on the basis of the Answer questions 419 through 421 on the basis of the
information below. information below.

A weekly television show routinely stars six A cinema complex with six movie theaters
actors, J, K, L, M, N, and O. Since the show has never shows the same movie in more than one
been on the air for a long time, some of the theater. None of the theaters is the same size as
actors are good friends and some do not get any other, with number 1 being the largest and
along at all. In an effort to keep peace, the going in order to number 6, the smallest. The
director sees to it that friends work together and theater also has the following rules:
enemies do not. Also, as the actors have become
more popular, some of them need time off to do ■ It will never show more than two R-rated
other projects. To keep the schedule working, movies at once.
the director has a few things she must be ■ It will always show at least one G-rated
aware of: movie and one PG-rated movie in the two
middle- sized theaters (theaters 3 and 4).
■ J will only work on episodes on ■ It will never show more than one foreign
which M is working. film at a time and never in the biggest
■ N will not work with K under theater.
any circumstances. ■ The starting times of movies will be
■ M can only work every other week, staggered by fifteen minutes and will always
in order to be free to film a movie be on the quarter hour.
■ At least three of the actors must ■ Employees need twenty minutes between
appear in every weekly episode. showings to clean the theaters.

417. In a show about L getting a job at the same The cinema has the following films to choose from
company J already works for and K used to this particular week:
work for, all three actors will appear. Which
of the following is true about the other Shout, rated R
actors who may appear? Que Pasa, a Spanish film rated PG
a. M, N, and O must all appear. Abra Cadabra, rated G
b. M may appear and N must appear. Lessons, rated R
c. M must appear and O may appear. Jealousy, rated PG
d. O may appear and N may appear. Mist, a Swedish film rated R
e. Only O may appear. Trek, rated NC-17
Fly, rated G
418. Next week, the show involves N’s new car
and O’s new refrigerator. Which of the
following is true about the other actors who
may appear?
a. M, J, L, and K all may appear.
b. J, L, and K must appear.
c. Only K may appear.
d. Only L may appear.
e. L and K must appear.
73
 Q UESTI O NS

419. Which one of the following is an Answer questions 422 through 423 on the basis of the
acceptable listing of films to show this information below.
week?
a. Shout, Mist, Trek, Que Pasa, Fly, and The six top songs (not in order) of 1968 were:
Jealousy
b. Shout, Mist, Trek, Fly, Jealousy, and “People Got to Be Free” by The Rascals
Abra Cadabra “Sittin’ on the Dock of the Bay” by Otis Redding
c. Que Pasa, Lessons, Mist, Shout, “Honey” by Bobby Goldsboro
Abra Cadabra, and Trek “Sunshine of Your Love” by Cream
d. Shout, Lessons, Mist, Trek, Fly, and Jealousy “Love Is Blue” by Paul Mauriat & H is Orchestra
e. Shout, Fly, Trek, Lessons, Abra Cadabra, “Hey Jude” by The Beatles
and Mist
Here are some rules about the order of the songs:
420. If Shout starts at 8:30, Mist at 8:15, Trek at
8:00, Fly at 7:45, Jealousy at 7:30, and ■ The Beatles and Cream do not appear next
Abra Cadabra at 7:15, and each movie is to each other on the list.
exactly two hours long, at what time will
■ The number 1 song is not “Love Is Blue.”
the next showing of Trek start?
■ The songs by individual artists are numbers
a. 10:00 3 and 4.
b. 10:15 ■ The Rascals appear right before Cream and
c. 10:30 right after Otis Redding.
d. 10:45
e. 11:00 422. Which of the following is true?
a. Song #3 is “Honey” by Bobby Goldsboro.
421. The movies this week are showing in the
b. Song #6 is “Hey Jude” by the Beatles.
fol- lowing theaters:
c. Song #1 is “Sittin’ on the Dock of the
Theater 1: Shout Bay” by Otis Redding.
Theater 2: Trek d. Song #1 is “Sunshine of Your Love”
by Cream.
Theater 3: Abra Cadabra
e. Song #3 is “Sittin’ on the Dock of the
Theater 4: Jealousy Bay” by Otis Redding.
Theater 5: Fly
Theater 6: Mist
Shout is doing the most business, followed
by Trek and, to the management’s surprise,
Mist. The management wants to move Mist
to a larger theater. Which theater is the
most logical?
a. theater 1
b. theater 2
c. theater 3
d. theater 4
e. theater 5

74
 Q UESTI O NS

423. Which of the following is the correct order of

songs?
a. “Honey,” “Love Is Blue,” “People Got to
Be Free,” “Sunshine of Your Love,”
“Sittin’ on the Dock of the Bay,” “Hey
Jude”
b. “Love Is Blue,” “Hey Jude,” “Honey,”
“Sittin’ on the Dock of the Bay,” “People
Got to Be Free,” “Sunshine of Your Love”
c. “Sunshine of Your Love,” “People Got to
Be Free,” “Sittin’ on the Dock of the Bay,”
“Honey,” “Love Is Blue,” “Hey Jude”
d. “Hey Jude,” “Love Is Blue,” “Honey,”
“Sittin’ on the Dock of the Bay,” “People
Got to Be Free,” “Sunshine of Your Love”
e. “Honey,” “Sittin’ on the Dock of the
Bay,” “Hey Jude,” “Sunshine of Your
Love,” “People Got to Be Free,” “Love Is
Blue”
75
 Q UESTI O NS

} Set 29 (Answers begin on page 132.) Answer questions 426 through 428 on the basis of the
information below.
If you’re having trouble after the first set of logic
games, there’s a bonus for you—a complete Evan is a waiter in a café. After he turns in
explanation of questions 424 and 425 in the orders for the six people sitting at the counter
answers section, with a step-by-step explanation of —each of whom is eating alone and is sitting in
how to set up a table to answer the questions. chairs num- bered 1 through 6—the cook opens
a window in the kitchen and the order slips get
Answer questions 424 and 425 on the basis of the messed up. Here’s what Evan remembers
information below. about the orders:

At a Halloween party wherepeople were asked ■ The entree orders are: fried eggs, a
to dress as an object that represented their hamburger, a cheeseburger, a vegetable
profes- sions, Quentin, Rachel, Sarah, Thomas, burger, soup, and a ham sandwich.
and Ulysses were among the guests. The ■ The two people who did not order
costumes included a flower, a pencil, a spoon, a sandwiches are sitting at chairs 3 and 4.
camera, and a thermometer. The professions ■ The person who ordered the cheeseburger
included a pho- tographer, a florist, a doctor, an and the one who ordered the hamburger
accountant, and a chef. are not sitting next to each other.
■ The person in chair number 5 is a regular.
■ Quentin is an accountant. She will not sit next to anyone who is eating
■ Neither Rachel nor Sarah was dressed as a ham.
spoon. ■ The person eating the vegetable burger is
■ None of the men is a doctor. not sitting in chair 2, but is sitting between
■ Thomas is dressed as a camera. the person who ordered fried eggs and the
■ Sarah is a florist. one who ordered a cheeseburger.
■ The customer who ordered the hamburger
424. Which person is dressed as a thermometer? is not sitting next to the customer who
a. Quentin ordered soup.
b. Rachel
c. Sarah 426. To which customer should Evan serve
d. Thomas the vegetable burger?
e. Ulysses a. the customer in chair 2
b. the customer in chair 3
425. What is Ulysses’s profession? c. the customer in chair 4
a. photographer d. the customer in chair 5
b. florist e. the customer in chair 6
c. doctor
d. accountant
e. chef

76
 Q UESTI O NS

427. To which customer should Evan serve the 429. With which entrée does the potato salad
soup? belong?
a. the customer in chair 1 a. soup
b. the customer in chair 2 b. hamburger
c. the customer in chair 3 c. cheeseburger
d. the customer in chair 4 d. fried eggs
e. the customer in chair 5 e. ham sandwich

428. To which customer should Evan serve 430. With which entrée do the french fries belong?
the ham sandwich? a. soup
a. the customer in chair 1 b. cheeseburger
b. the customer in chair 2 c. hamburger
c. the customer in chair 4 d. fried eggs
d. the customer in chair 5 e. ham sandwich
e. the customer in chair 6
Answer questions 431 through 433 on the basis of the
Use the additional information below, along with information below.
the information before question 426, to answer
questions 429 and 430. At a small company, parking spaces are
reserved for the top executives: CEO, president,
Now Evan has to decide who gets which side vice pres- ident, secretary, and treasurer—with
dish. Here is what he remembers, in addition to the spaces lined up in that order. The parking
the previous information, about the orders, lot guard can tell at a glance if the cars are
which were: cole slaw, hash browns, onion parked correctly by looking at the color of the
rings, potato salad, french fries, and lettuce cars. The cars are yellow, green, purple, red, and
salad. blue, and the exec- utives’ names are Alice,
Bert, Cheryl, David, and Enid.
■ The person who ordered soup did not order
french fries, hash browns, onion rings, or a ■ The car in the first space is red.
lettuce salad. ■ A blue car is parked betweenthe red car
■ The person who ordered onion rings is and the green car.
sitting in chair 6. ■ The car in the last space is purple.
■ The person who ordered potato salad is ■ The secretary drives a yellow car.
sitting between the person who ordered cole ■ Alice’s car is parked next to David’s.
slaw and the one who ordered hash browns. ■ Enid drives a green car.
■ The person who ordered a vegetable burger ■ Bert’s car is parked between Cheryl’s
ordered a lettuce salad. and Enid’s.
■ The hash browns were ordered by the cus- David’s car is parked in the last space.
■
tomer who ordered fried eggs.

77
For More Free Material Visit: GOSSC.in
 Q UESTI O NS

431. What color is the vice president’s 433. Who is the secretary?
car?
a. Enid
a. green
b. David
b. yellow
c. Cheryl
c. blue
d. Bert
d. purple
e. Alice
e. red

432. Who is the CEO?

a. Alice
b. Bert
c. Cheryl
d. David
e. Enid

78
 Q UESTI O NS

} Set 30 (Answers begin on page 134.) 436. What team is in Fulton?

a. Panthers
Remember, the best way to answer these logic b. Gazelles
game questions is to attack the information c. Whippets
systematically. Make a diagram outlining all the d. Kangaroos
given informa- tion. There’s always at least one fact e. Antelopes
that can serve as your starting point, the place to
begin eliminating possibilities. Answer questions 437 through 439 on the basis of the
information below.
Answer questions 434 through 436 on the basis of the
Henri delivers flowers for a local florist. One
information below. lovely day, he left the windows open on the
deliv- ery van and the cards all blew off the
Five towns—Fulton, Groton, Hudson, Ivy, and bouquets. He has to figure out who gets which
Jersey—which are covered by the same flowers. He has five bouquets, each of which
newspa- per, all have excellent soccer teams. has only one kind of flower: daisies, roses,
The teams are named the Panthers, the carnations, iris, and gladioli. He has five cards
Whippets, the Antelopes, the Kangaroos, and with names on them: a birthday card for Inez, a
the Gazelles. The sports reporter, who has just congratulations-on- your-promotion card for
started at the news- paper, has to be careful not Jenny, a graduation card for Kevin, an
to get them confused. Here is what she knows: anniversary card for Liz, and a housewarming
card for Michael. Here’s what Henri knows:
■ The team in Fulton has beaten the
Antelopes, Panthers, and Kangaroos. ■ Roses are Jenny’s favorite flower and what her
■ The Whippets havebeaten the teams in friends always send.
Jersey, Hudson, and Fulton. ■ Gladioli are traditionally sent for
■ The Antelopes are in Groton. a housewarming.
■ The team in Hudson is not the Kangaroos. ■ Kevin is allergic to daisies and iris.
■ Liz is allergic to daisies and roses.
434. Where are the Whippets? ■ Neither Liz nor Inez has moved recently.
a. Fulton
b. Groton 437. Which flowers should be delivered to Kevin?
c. Hudson a. carnations
d. Ivy b. iris
e. Jersey c. gladioli
d. daisies
435. Where are the Panthers? e. roses
a. Ivy
b. Jersey
c. Fulton
d. Groton
e. Hudson

79
 Q UESTI O NS

438. Who should get the housewarming gladioli? 440. Which city is in the desert?
a. Jenny a. Last Stand
b. Kevin b. Mile City
c. Liz c. New Town
d. Michael d. Olliopolis
e. Inez e. Polberg

439. Which flowers should be delivered to Liz? 441. Which city got the most rain?
a. gladioli a. Last Stand
b. daisies b. Mile City
c. roses c. New Town
d. carnations d. Olliopolis
e. iris e. Polberg

Answer questions 440 through 443 on the basis of the 442. How much rain did Mile City get?
information below. a. 12 inches
b. 27 inches
Five cities all got more rain than usual this year. c. 32 inches
The five cities are: Last Stand, Mile City, New d. 44 inches
Town, Olliopolis, and Polberg. The cities are e. 65 inches
located in five different areas of the country: the
mountains, theforest, thecoast, thedesert, and in 443. Where is Olliopolis located?
a valley. The rainfall amounts were: 12 inches, a. the mountains
27 inches, 32 inches, 44 inches, and 65 inches. b. the coast
c. in a valley
■ The city in the desert got the least rain; the city d. the desert
in the forest got the most rain. e. the forest
■ New Town is in the mountains.

■ Last Stand got more rain than Olliopolis.

■ Mile City got more rain than Polberg, but less

rain than New Town.

■ Olliopolis got 44 inches of rain.

■ The city in the mountains got 32 inches of

rain; the city on the coast got 27 inches of rain.

80
 Q UESTI O NS

} Set 31 (Answers begin on page 135.) 446. What occupation does Jarrod hold?
a. a moderator
Here’s one more set of logic games. Remember, map- b. a pilot
ping out the gameusing all the given information is the c. a writer
most efficient way to attack this type of question. d. an attorney
e. an explorer
Answer questions 444 through 447 on the basis of the
information below. 447. Who is the writer?
a. Gary
Eleanor is in charge of seating the speakers at a b. Heloise
table. In addition to the moderator, there will be c. Jarrod
a pilot, a writer, an attorney, and an explorer. The d. Kate
speakers’ names are Gary, Heloise, Jarrod, Kate, e. Lane
and Lane.
Answer question 448 on the basis of the information
■ The moderator must sit in the middle, in below.
seat #3.
■ The attorney cannot sit next to the explorer. Zinnia has a small container garden on her bal-
■ Lane is the pilot. cony. Each spring, she only has room to plant
■ The writer and the attorney sit on either side three vegetables. Because five vegetables are
of the moderator. her favorites, she has worked out a schedule to
■ Heloise, who is not themoderator, sits plant each at least once every two years. The
between Kate and Jarrod. vegeta- bles are: beans, cabbage, carrots,
■ The moderator does not sit next to Jarrod peppers, and tomatoes.
or Lane.
■ Gary, who is the attorney, sits in seat #4. ■ Tomatoesare her favorites and she plants
them every year.
444. Who is the moderator? ■ Each year, she plants only one vegetable
a. Lane that begins with the letter “C.”
b. Gary ■ She never plants carrots and peppers in the
c. Heloise same year.
d. Kate ■ She will plant cabbage in the second year.
e. Jarrod

445. Where does Jarrod sit?

a. seat #1
b. seat #2
c. seat #3
d. seat #4
e. seat #5

81

For More Free Material Visit: GOSSC.in

 Q UESTI O NS

448. In what order does she plant the vegetables 449. When does Sally do the dusting?
in the next two years? a. Friday
a. first year: tomatoes, carrots, b. Monday
cabbage second year: tomatoes,
c. Tuesday
peppers, beans
d. Wednesday
b. first year: tomatoes, peppers, beans
e. Thursday
second year: cabbage, carrots,
tomatoes
c. first year: tomatoes, carrots, peppers
second year: tomatoes, cabbage, beans What task does Terry do on Wednesday?
450.
d. first year: tomatoes, carrots, beans a. vacuuming
second year: tomatoes, cabbage, peppers b. dusting
e. first year: tomatoes, cabbage, peppers c. mopping
second year: carrots, cabbage, beans d. sweeping
e. laundry
Answer questions 449 through 453 on the basis of the
information below. What day is the vacuuming done?
451.
a. Friday
Five roommates—Randy, Sally, Terry, Uma, and b. Monday
Vernon—each do one housekeeping task— c. Tuesday
mopping, sweeping, laundry, vacuuming, or d. Wednesday
dusting—one day a week, Monday through e. Thursday
Friday.
What task does Vernon do?
452.
■ Vernon does not vacuum and does not do his a. vacuuming
task on Tuesday. b. dusting
■ Sally does the dusting, and does not do it on c. mopping
Monday or Friday. d. sweeping
■ The mopping is done on Thursday. e. laundry
■ Terry does his task, which is not vacuuming,

on Wednesday. What day does Uma do her task?

453.
■ The laundry is done on Friday, and not by a. Monday
Uma. b. Tuesday
■ Randy does his task on Monday. c. Wednesday
d. Thursday
e. Friday
82
 Q UESTI O NS

} Set 32 (Answers begin on page 136.) 455. It is well known that the world urgently
needs adequate distribution of food, so
Each of the questions in this set contains a short that everyone gets enough. Adequate
para- graph, and each paragraph presents an distribution of medicine is just as urgent.
argument. Your task is to read the paragraph Medical expert- ise and medical supplies
carefully and determine the main point the author is need to be redistrib- uted throughout the
trying to make. What conclusion can be drawn from world so that people in emerging nations
the argument? Each paragraph is followed by five will have proper medical care.
statements. One statement supports the author’s
This paragraph best supports the statement
argument better than the others do. The best way to
that
approach these questions is to first read the
a. the majority of the people in the world
paragraph and then restate the author’s main
have never been seen by a doctor.
argument, or conclusion, in your own words.
b. food production in emerging nations
has slowed during the past several
years.
454. If you’re a fitness walker, there is no need
c. most of the world’s doctors are selfish
for a commute to a health club. Your
about giving time and money to the
neighbor- hood can be your health club. You
poor.
don’t need a lot of fancy equipment to get a
d. the medical-supply industry should step up
good work- out either. All you need is a
production of its products.
well-designed pair of athletic shoes.
e. many people who live in emerging
This paragraph best supports the statement nations are not receiving proper medical
that care.
a. fitness walking is a better form of exercise
than weight lifting. 456. The criminal justice system needs to change.
b. a membership in a health club is a The system could be more just if it allowed
poor investment. victims the opportunity to confront the
c. walking outdoors provides a better per- son who has harmed them. Also,
workout than walking indoors. mediation between victims and their
d. fitness walking is a convenient and offenders would give the offenders a
valuable form of exercise. chance to apologize for the harm they have
e. poorly designed athletic shoes can done.
cause major foot injuries. This paragraph best supports the statement
that victims of a crime should
a. learn to forgive their offenders.
b. have the right to confront their offenders.
c. learn the art of mediation.
d. insist that their offenders be punished.
e. have the right to impose a sentence on
their offenders.
83
 Q UESTI O NS

457. In the past, consumers would rarely walk 459. One of the warmest winters on record has
into an ice cream store and order low-fat put consumers in the mood to spend
ice cream. But that isn’t the case today. An money. Spending is likely to be the
increasing health consciousness combined strongest in thir- teen years. During the
with a much bigger selection of tasty low- month of February, sales of existing single-
fat foods in all categories has made low-fat family homes hit an annual record rate of
ice cream a very profitable item for ice 4.75 million.
cream store owners.
This paragraph best supports the statement
This paragraph best supports the statement that
that a. consumer spending will be higher
a. low-fat ice cream produces more revenue thirteen years from now than it is today.
than other low-fat foods. b. more people buy houses in the month
b. ice cream storeowners would be better of February than in any other month.
off carrying only low-fat ice cream. c. during the winter months, the prices
c. ice cream store owners no longer think of single-family homes are the
that low-fat ice cream is an unpopular lowest.
item. d. there were about 4 million homes for
d. low-fat ice cream is more popular sale during the month of February.
than other kinds of ice cream. e. warm winter weather is likely to affect
e. consumers are fickle and it is impossible the rate of home sales.
to please them.
460. One New York publisher has estimated that
458. A few states in this country are considering 50,000 to 60,000 people in the United States
legislation that would prohibit schools from want an anthology that includes the
using calculators before the sixth grade. complete works of William Shakespeare. And
Other statestake a different position. Some what accounts for this renewed interest in
states are insisting on the purchase of Shake- speare? As scholars point out, his
graph- ing calculators for every student in psychologi- cal insights into both male and
middle school. female characters are amazing even today.
This paragraph best supports the statement This paragraph best supports the statement
that in this country that
a. there are at least two opinions about the a. Shakespeare’s characters are more interest-
use of calculators in schools. ing than fictional characters today.
b. calculators are frequently a detriment b. people today are interested in
to learning math. Shakespeare’s work because of the
c. state legislators are moreinvolved in educa- characters.
tion than ever before. c. academic scholars are putting together
d. the price of graphing calculators is an anthology of Shakespeare’s work.
less when schools buy in bulk. d. New Yorkers have a renewed interested
e. the argument against calculators in in the work of Shakespeare.
schools is unfounded.
e. Shakespeare was a psychiatrist as well as
a playwright.
84
 Q UESTI O NS

461. Today’s workforce has a new set of social 463. Today’s high school students spend too much
val- ues. Ten years ago, a manager who time thinking about trivial and distracting
was offered a promotion in a distant city matters such as fashion. Additionally, they
would not have questioned the move. often dress inappropriately on school
Today, a man- ager in that same situation grounds. Rather than spending time writing
might choose family happiness instead of another detailed dress policy, we should
career advance- ment. make school uniforms mandatory. If
This paragraph best supports the statement students were required to wear uniforms, it
that would increase a sense of community and
a. most managers are not loyal to the harmony in our schools and it would instill a
corpora- tions for which they work. sense of discipline in our students. Another
b. businesses today do not understand their positive effect would be that teachers and
employees’ needs. administra- tors would no longer have to act
c. employees’ social values have changed as clothing police, freeing them up to focus
over the past ten years. on more important issues.
d. career advancement is not important This paragraph best supports the
to today’s business managers. statement that
e. companies should require their a. inappropriate clothing leads to failing
employees to accept promotions. grades.
b. students who wear school uniforms get
462. Generation Xers are those people born into better colleges.
roughly between 1965 and 1981. As c. teachers and administrators spend at
employ- ees, Generation Xers tend to be
least 25% of their time enforcing the dress
more chal- lenged when they can carry out
code.
tasks independently. This makes Generation
d. students are not interested in being part
Xers the most entrepreneurial generation in
of a community.
history.
e. school uniforms should be compulsory
This paragraph best supports the statement for high school students.
that Generation Xers
a. work harder than people from
other generations.
b. have a tendency to be self-directed
workers.
c. have an interest in making history.
d. tend to work in jobs that require risk-taking
behavior.
e. like to challenge their bosses’
work attitudes.

85
 Q UESTI O NS

} Set 33 (Answers begin on page 138.) 465. There are no effective boundaries when it
comes to pollutants. Studies have shown
For more practice with logical reasoning, try that toxic insecticides that have been
another set of questions that contain short banned in many countries are riding the
paragraphs that make a specific argument. wind from countries where they remain
Remember, you are looking for the statement that is legal. Com- pounds such as DDT and
best supported by the infor- mation given in the toxaphene have been found in remote
passage. places like the Yukon and other Arctic
regions.
464. Critical reading is a demanding process. To
This paragraph best supports the statement
read critically, you must slow down your
that
reading and, with pencil in hand, perform
a. toxic insecticides such as DDT have
specific operations on the text. Mark up the
not been banned throughout the
text with your reactions, conclusions, and
world.
questions. When you read, become an
b. more pollutants find their way into
active participant.
polar climates than they do into warmer
This paragraph best supports the statement areas.
that c. studies have proven that many countries
a. critical reading is a slow, dull, but have ignored their own antipollution laws.
essential process. d. DDT and toxaphene are the two most
b. the best critical reading happens at toxic insecticides in the world.
critical times in a person’s life. e. even a worldwide ban on toxic
c. readers should get in the habit of insecticides would not stop the spread of
question- ing the truth of what they read. DDT pollution.
d. critical reading requires thoughtful
and careful attention. 466. The Fourth Amendment to the Constitution
e. critical reading should take place at protects citizens against unreasonable
the same time each day. searches and seizures. No search of a
person’s home or personal effects may be
conducted without a written search warrant
issued on probable cause. This means that a
neutral judge must approve the factual basis
justify- ing a search before it can be
conducted.
This paragraph best supports the statement
that the police cannot search a person’s home
or private papers unless they have
a. legal authorization.
b. direct evidenceof a crime.
c. read the person his or her
constitutional rights.
d. a reasonable belief that a crime has occurred.
e. requested that a judge be present.
86
 Q UESTI O NS

467. During colonial times in America, juries were 469. Human technology developed from the first
encouraged to ask questions of the parties stone tools about two and a half million
in the courtroom. The jurors were, in fact, years ago. At the beginning, the rate of
expected to investigate the facts of the case develop- ment was slow. Hundreds of
themselves. If jurors conducted an investi- thousands of years passed without much
gation today, we would throw out the case. change. Today, new technologies are
This paragraph best supports the statement reported daily on televi- sion and in
that newspapers.
a. juries are less important today than This paragraph best supports the statement
they were in colonial times.
that
b. jurors today are less interested in court
a. stone tools were not really technology.
cases than they were in colonial times.
b. stone tools were in use for two and a
c. courtrooms today are more efficient
half million years.
than they were in colonial times.
c. there is no way to know when stone
d. jurors in colonial times were
tools first came into use.
more informed than jurors
d. In today’s world, new technologies are
today.
con- stantly being developed.
e. the jury system in America has
e. none of the latest technologies is as signifi-
changed since colonial times. cant as the development of stone tools.

468. Mathematics allows us to expand our con-

sciousness. Mathematics tells us about eco-
nomic trends, patterns of disease, and the
growth of populations. Math is good at
exposing the truth, but it can also
perpetuate misunderstandings and
untruths. Figures have the power to mislead
people.
This paragraph best supports the statement
that
a. the study of mathematics is dangerous.
b. words are more truthful than figures.
c. the study of mathematics is more
impor- tant than other disciplines.
d. the power of numbers is that
they cannot lie.
e. figures are sometimes used to
deceive people.

87
 Q UESTI O NS

470. Obesity is a serious problem in this country. 471. In the 1966 Supreme Court decision Miranda
Research suggests that obesity can lead to a v. Arizona, the court held that before the
number of health problems including dia- police can obtain statements from a person
betes, asthma, and heart disease. Recent subjected to an interrogation, the person
research has even indicated that there may must be given a Miranda warning. This
be a relationship between obesity and warning means that a person must be told
some types of cancer. Major public health that he or she has the right to remain silent
cam- paigns that increase awareness and during the police interrogation. Violation of
propose simple lifestyle changes that will, this right means that any statement that the
with dili- gence and desire, eliminate or least person makes is not admissible in a court
mitigate the incidence of obesity are a hearing.
crucial first step in battling this critical
This paragraph best supports the statement
problem.
that
This paragraph best supports the
a. police who do not warn persons of their
statement that
Miranda rights are guilty of a crime.
a. public health campaigns that raise con- b. a Miranda warning must be given before a
sciousness and propose lifestyle changes police interrogation can begin.
are a productive way to fight obesity. c. the police may no longer interrogate per-
b. obesity is the leading cause of diabetes sons suspected of a crime unless a lawyer
in our country. is present.
c. people in our country watch too much
d. the 1966 Supreme Court decision in
tele- vision and do not exercise enough.
Miranda should be reversed.
d. a decline in obesity would e. persons who are interrogated by
radically decrease the incidence police should always remain silent
of asthma. until their lawyer comes.
e. fast-food restaurants and unhealthy school
lunches contribute greatly to obesity.
88
 Q UESTI O NS

472. Walk into any supermarket or pharmacy and 473. Yoga has become a very popular type of
you will find several shelves of products exer- cise, but it may not be for everyone.
designed to protect adults and children Before you sign yourself up for a yoga
from the sun. Additionally, a host of public class, you need to examine what it is you
health campaigns have been created, want from your fitness routine. If you’re
including National Skin Cancer Awareness looking for a high-energy, fast-paced
Month, that warn us about the sun’s aerobic workout, a yoga class might not be
damaging UV rays and provide guidelines your best choice.
about protecting our- selves. While
This paragraph best supports the
warnings about the sun’s dan- gers are
statement that
frequent, a recent survey found that fewer
a. yoga is more popular than high-
than half of all adults adequately pro- tect
impact aerobics.
themselves from the sun.
b. before embarking on a new exercise
This paragraph best supports the regi- men, you should think about your
statement that needs and desires.
a. children are better protected from the c. yoga is changing the world of fitness
sun’s dangerous rays than adults. in major ways.
b. sales of sun protection products are at d. yoga benefits your body and mind.
an all-time high. e. most people think that yoga isn’t a
c. adults are not heeding the warnings rigorous form of exercise.
about the dangers of sun exposure
seriously enough.
d. more adults have skin cancer now than
ever before.
e. there is not enough information
dissemi- nated about the dangers of sun
exposure.
89
 Q UESTI O NS

} Set 34 (Answers begin on page 140.) 475. During the last six years, the number of prac-
ticing physicians has increased by about
Here’s one more set of questions based on short 20%. During the same time period, the
para- graphs that make a specific argument. You will number of healthcare managers has
some- times have to use inference—reading increased by more than 600%. These
between the lines—to see which statement is best percentages mean that many doctors have
supported by the passage. lost the authority to make their own
schedules, determine the fees that they
474. For too long, school cafeterias, in an effort to charge, and decide on prescribed
provide food they thought would be treatments.
appetiz- ing to young people, mimicked fast-
This paragraph best supports the statement
food restaurants, serving items such as
that doctors
burgers and fries, pizza, hot dogs, and fried
a. resent the interference of healthcare
chicken. School districts nationwide are now
managers.
address- ing this trend by incorporating
some simple and inexpensive options that b. no longer have adequate training.
will make cafe- teria lunches healthier while c. care a great deal about their patients.
still appealing to students. d. are less independent than they used to be.
e. are making a lot less money than they
This paragraph best supports the statement
used to make.
that
a. school cafeterias have always 476. By the time they reach adulthood, most peo-
emphasized nutritional guidelines over ple can perform many different activities
any other considerations. involving motor skills. Motor skills involve
b. young people would rather eat in a such diverse tasks as riding a bicycle,
school cafeteria than a local fast-food thread- ing a needle, and cooking a dinner.
restaurant. What all these activities have in common is
c. school lunch menus are becoming their dependence on precision and timing
healthier due to major new initiatives on of mus- cular movement.
the part of school districts.
d. it is possible to make school lunches both This paragraph best supports the statement
healthier and appealing without spending that
a great deal of money and undertaking a a. most adults have not refined their motor
rad- ical transformation. skills.
e. vegetarian lunch options would greatly b. all adults know how to ride a bicycle.
improve the nutritional value of the c. refined motor skills are specifically
school lunch program. limited to adults.
d. children perform fewer fine motor
activities in a day than adults do.
e. threading a needle is a precise motor skill.

90
 Q UESTI O NS

477. Close-up images of Mars by the Mariner 9 479. Originating in the 1920s, the Pyramid
probe indicated networks of valleys that scheme is one of the oldest con games
looked like the stream beds on Earth. These going. Honest people are often pulled in,
images also implied that Mars once had an thinking the scheme is a legitimate
atmosphere that was thick enough to trap investment enter- prise. The first customer
the sun’s heat. If this were true, something to “fall for” the Pyramid scheme will actually
hap- pened to Mars billions of years ago that make big money and will therefore
stripped away the planet’s atmosphere. persuade friends and relatives to join also.
This paragraph best supports the statement The chain then con- tinues with the con
that artist who originated the scheme pocketing,
a. Mars now has little or no atmosphere. rather than investing, the money. Finally, the
b. Mars once had a thicker atmospherethan pyramid collapses, but by that time, the
Earth does. scam artist will usually have moved out of
c. the Mariner 9 probe took the first town, leaving no forwarding address.
pictures of Mars. This paragraph best supports the statement
d. Mars is closer to the sun than Earth is. that
e. Mars is more mountainous than Earth is. a. it is fairly easy to spot a Pyramid scheme in
the making.
478. Forest fires feed on decades-long accumula- b. the first customer of a Pyramid scheme
tions of debris and leap from the tops of is the most gullible.
young trees into the branches of mature c. the people who set up Pyramid schemes
trees. Fires that jump from treetop to are able to fool honest people.
treetop can be devastating. In old-growth d. the Pyramid scheme had its heyday in
forests, however, the shade of mature the 1920s, but it’s making a comeback.
treeskeeps thickets of small trees from e. the Pyramid scheme got its name from
sprouting, and the lower branches of mature its structure.
trees are too high to catch the flames.
This paragraph best supports the statement
that
a. forest fire damage is reduced in old-growth
forests.
b. small trees should be cut down to
prevent forest fires.
c. maturetrees should be thinned out to
pre- vent forest fires.
d. forest fires do the most damage in old-
growth forests.
e. old-growth forests have a larger
accumula- tion of forest debris.

91
 Q UESTI O NS

480. Most Reality TV centers on two common 481. The image of a knitter as an older woman sit-
motivators: fame and money. The shows ting in a comfortable, old-fashioned living
transform waitresses, hairdressers, invest- room with a basket of yarn at her feet and a
ment bankers, counselors, and teachers, to bun in her hair is one of the past. As knitting
name a few, from obscure figures to house- continues to become more popular and
hold names. A lucky few successfully parlay increasingly trendy, it is much more difficult
their fifteen minutes of fame into celebrity. to describe the averageknitter. Knitters today
The luckiest stars of Reality TV also reap might be 18, 28, 40, or 65. They might live in
huge financial rewards for acts including a big urban center and take classes in a knit-
eat- ing large insects, marrying someone ting shop that doubles as a café or they may
they barely know, and revealing their gather in suburban coffee shops to support
innermost thoughts to millions of people. one another in knitting and other aspects of
This paragraph best supports the life. They could be college roommates knit-
statement that ting in their dorm room or two senior citi-
a. the stars of Reality TV are interested zens knitting in a church hall. Even men are
in being rich and famous. getting in the act. It would be incredibly dif-
b. Reality TV is the best thing that has hap- ficult to come up with an accurate profile of
pened to network television in a long a contemporary knitter to replace that
time. image of the old woman with the basket of
c. for Reality TV stars, fame will last only yarn!
as long as their particular television This paragraph best supports the statement
show. that
d. traditional dramas and sitcoms are being a. people are returning to knitting in an
replaced by Reality TV programming at attempt to reconnect with simpler
an alarming rate. times.
e. Reality TV shows represent a new wave b. knitting is now more of a group activity,
of sensationalistic, low quality as opposed to an individual hobby.
programming. c. creating an accurate profile of a
particular type of person depends on the
people in this group having traits and
characteristics in common.
d. today’s knitters are much less
accomplished than knitters of the past.
e. young people are turning to knitting
in record numbers.
92
 Q UESTI O NS

} Set 35 (Answers begin on page 141.) 482. A person seeking to refute the
argument might argue that
A typical logical reasoning question presents an a. all doctors charge too much money
argu- ment and asks you to analyze it. You may be and should lower their fees.
asked to draw further conclusions from the b. medical practices are more expensive to
argument, deter- mine what strengthens or weakens maintain in large cities than in small
the argument, find flaws in the argument, or justify towns and rural areas.
the argument. Success with these types of questions c. doctors who owe student loans
depends on your being able to understand the should charge more than other
structure of the argument. Remember that every doctors.
argument has a point of view. Every argument d. medical care from small-town doctors
draws a conclusion and is generally supported with is better than medical care from large-
evidence. Study each passage to deter- mine how city doctors.
each sentence contributes to the argument the e. certain medical specialists should
speaker is trying to make. Then make sure you charge more than others.
understand the question that is being asked before you
choose from the five answer options. 483. A major flaw in the argument is that
the speaker assumes that
Answer questions 482 and 483 on thebasis of the a. all doctors are specialists.
infor- mation below. b. all patients carry health insurance.
c. all doctors have huge student loans.
According to last week’s newspaper, doctors in d. all patients take too much time.
large cities make more money than doctors in e. all doctors see the same number of patients.
small towns or rural areas. It does not seem
fair that just because a doctor’s office is in a Answer questions 484 and 485 on the basis of the
fancy building or at a fancy address, he or she infor- mation below.
can charge the patients more. Of course, some
med- ical schools cost more than others, but English ought to be the official language of the
basically all doctors spend a lot of money and a United States. There is no reason for the
long time in school. There’s no proof that govern- ment to spend money printing
graduates of the more expensive schools documents in sev- eral different languages, just
practice in big cities and graduates of the less to cater to people who cannot speak English.
expensive schools practice in small towns. All The government has better ways to spend our
doctors should charge the same. Whether a money. People who come to this country
patient goes to a doctor in a big city or small should learn to speak Eng- lish right away.
town, the cost should be the same.

93
 Q UESTI O NS

484. Which of the following, if true, would make 486. Which of the following best expresses
the speaker’s argument stronger? the main point of the passage?
a. There is currently a law that says the a. Only veterans care about the flag-
government must provide people burning issue.
with documents in their native b. Flag burning almost never happens, so
language. out- lawing it is a wasteof time.
b. Most people in the United States who c. Flag burning will be a very important
do not speak English were born here. issue in the next election.
c. Immigration rates have decreased in d. To outlaw flag burning is to outlaw
recent years. what the flag represents.
d. Many other countries have an e. Burning the flag should only be
official language. illegal when it is done in foreign
e. Canada has two official languages. countries.

485. Which of the following, if true, would make 487. Which of the following, if true,
the speaker’s argument weaker? would weaken the speaker’s
a. The government currently translates official argument?
documents into more than twenty a. An action is not considered a part of
languages. free- dom of speech.
b. English is the most difficult language in b. People who burn the flag usually
the world to learn. commit other crimes as well.
c. Most people who immigrate to the c. The flag was not recognized by the govern-
United States learn English within two ment until 1812.
years of their arrival.
d. State flags are almost never burned.
d. Making English the official language is
e. Most people are against flag burning.
a politically unpopular idea.
e. People who are bilingual are usually highly 488. Which of the following is similar to the argu-
educated. ment made by the speaker?
a. The rich should not be allowed to “buy”
Answer questions 486 through 488 on the basis of the
politicians, so the Congress should
information below. enact campaign finance reform.
b. The idea of freedom of religion also
Some groups want to outlaw burning the flag. means the right not to participate in
They say that people havefought and died for religion, so mandated school prayer
the flag and that citizens of the United States violates freedom of religion.
ought to respect that. But I say that respect c. The Constitution guarantees freedom to
cannot be leg- islated. Also, most citizens who own property, so taxes should be
have served in the military did not fight for the illegal.
flag, they fought for what the flag represents. d. Convicted felons should not have their
Among the things the flag represents is freedom con- victions overturned on a technicality.
of speech, which includes, I believe, the right for e. In order to understand what may be
a citizen to express displeasure with the consti- tutional today, one needs to look
government by burning the flag in protest. at what the laws were when the
Constitution was enacted.
94
 Q UESTI O NS

} Set 36 (Answers begin on page 142.) Answer questions 490 and 491 on the basis of the
information below.
Some logical reasoning questions ask you to
determine the method the speaker is using when he A recent study on professional football players
or she pres- ents the argument. Method-of-argument showed that this new ointment helps relieve
questions ask you to demonstrate an understanding joint pain. My mother has arthritis, and I told
of how a speaker’s argument is put together. To her she should try it, but she says it probably
determine the method of argument, again focus on won’t help her.
the conclusion and on the evidence presented. What
method does the speaker use to link the two? 490. What argument should the mother use to
point out why the ointment probably will
Answer question 489 on the basis of the information not help her arthritis?
below. a. The ointment was just experimental.
b. The ointment is expensive.
I know that our rules prohibit members from c. Football players’ joint pain is not the
bringing more than one guest at a time to the result of arthritis.
club, but I think there should be an exception d. She has already tried another ointment
to the rule on Tuesdays, Wednesdays, and and it didn’t work.
Thurs- days. Members should be allowed to e. Football players are generally younger
bring mul- tiple guests on those days, since the than she is.
majority of members use the club facilities on
the other four days of the week. 491. Which of the following, if true,
would strengthen the speaker’s
489. The rules restricting the number of guests a argument?
member can bring to the club probably are a. The mother used to be a
intended to professional bowler.
a. assure that members are not crowded b. Football players’ injuries are rarely painful.
by the presence of guests. c. The mother’s arthritis only flares up in bad
b. provide extra income for the club weather.
on slow days. d. The mother finds exercise helps her arthritis.
c. allow members to bring guests to the e. Football players who are injured tend
club for special events. to develop arthritis.
d. restrict guests to public areas of the club.
e. control the exact number of people in the Answer questions 492 through 494 on the basis of the
club at any time. information below.

Giving children computers in grade school is a

waste of money and teachers’ time. These chil-
dren are too young to learn how to use
comput- ers effectively and need to spend time
on learning the basics, like arithmetic and
reading. After all, a baby has to crawl before
she can walk.
95
 Q UESTI O NS

492. Which of the following methods of Answer questions 495 and 496 on thebasis of the infor-
argument is used in the previous passage? mation below.
a. a specific example that illustrates
the speaker’s point The corner of Elm and Third needs to have a
b. attacking the beliefs of those who stoplight. Children cross this intersection on
disagree with the speaker the way to school, and sometimes, they do not
c. relying on an analogy to prove the check for traffic. I’ve seen several children almost
speaker’s point get hit by cars at this corner. I know that
d. displaying statistics that back up stoplights are not cheap, and I know that
the speaker’s point children cannot be protected from every danger,
e. comparing different methods of learning but this is one of the worst intersections in
town. There needs to be a stoplight here so
493. Which of the following, if true, that traffic will be slowed down and the
would strengthen the speaker’s children can walk more safely.
argument?
a. studies showing computers are expensive 495. Which of the following methods of
b. research on the effect of computer argument is used in the above passage?
games on children a. analogy—comparing the intersection to
c. examples of high school students who something dangerous
use computers improperly b. emotion—referring to the safety of
d. proof that the cost of computers is chil- dren to get people interested
coming down c. statistical analysis—noting the number
e. evidence that using computers makes of children almost hit and the cost of a
learn- ing to read difficult stop light
d. personalization—telling the story of
494. Which of the following, if true, one child’s near accident at the
would weaken the speaker’s intersection
argument? e. attack—pointing out that people who
a. a demonstration that computers can be are against the stoplight do not care
used to teach reading and arithmetic about children
b. analysis of the cost-effectiveness of new
computers versus repairing old 496. Which of the following, if true, would
computers weaken the speaker’s argument?
c. examples of adults who do not know a. Sometimes, cars run red lights.
how to use computers b. Fewer children are injured at corners
d. recent grade reports of students in the that have stoplights.
com- puter classes c. If parents teach their children basic traffic
e. a visit to a classroom where computers safety, then they might remember to
are being used look for cars.
d. Children from this neighborhood used
to take the bus to a school farther away.
e. In the last year, there have only been
three minor accidents at the
intersection and none of them involved
children.
96
 Q UESTI O NS

} Set 37 (Answers begin on page 143.) 497. In what way does Lars’s comment relate
to Frances’s?
Another type of logical reasoning question presents a. It weakens Frances’s argument by
you with two different speakers talking about the changing the focus of the discussion.
same issue. Sometimes, the speakers’ arguments b. It strengthens Frances’s argument by pro-
overlap; in other words, they support each other. viding support for her premise.
Sometimes, the speakers are presenting opposing c. It states the logical outcome of
viewpoints. For these items, make sure you Frances’s views.
understand the conclusion of both speakers before d. It cannot be true if Frances’s
you attempt to answer the questions. assertion about parental
responsibility is true.
Answer questions 497 and 498 on thebasis of the e. It provides an argument that is the
infor- mation below. opposite of Frances’s views.

Frances: Studies show that eating a healthy 498. What main assumption underlies each
break- fast improves young children’s ability to statement?
learn. However, it is not the responsibility of the a. As teachers become more scarce,
schools to provide this meal; it is the schools will haveto learn to be morecost-
responsibility of each child’s parents. effective in recruiting new teachers.
b. In the information age, the equipment
Lars: Although it would be nice if the schools schools must purchase for their students
could provide each child with a healthy is getting more expensive.
breakfast, the cost of doing that takes money c. The study about students and breakfast
away from other, more important learning is inconclusive at best, and more
resources, such as the purchase of new studies should be conducted to find out
computers. In the long run, children learn more if school breakfasts are healthy.
when the schools concentrate on the services d. Schools have never had the responsibility
they traditionally provide and the parents do for supplying students with breakfast;
what they are supposed to do. rather, they spend their money on
teachers, books, and other tangibles of
education.
e. Parents are not assuming enough
responsi- bility for their children’s
education and should become more
involved in school issues.
97
 Q UESTI O NS

Answer questions 499 through 501 on the basis of the 499. What is the point at issue between
information below. Quinn and Dakota?
a. whether sixteen-year-olds should be
Quinn: Our state is considering raising the age required to take drivers’ education
at which a person can get a driver’s license to before being issued a license
eight- een. This is unfair because the age has b. whether schools ought to provide
been six- teen for many years and sixteen-year- drivers’ education to fourteen- and
olds today are no less responsible than their fifteen-year-old students
parents and grandparents were at sixteen. Many c. whether the standards for issuing
young people today who are fourteen and drivers’ licenses should become more
fifteen years old are preparing to receive their stringent
licenses by driving with a learner’s permit and a d. whether sixteen-year-olds are prepared to
licensed driver, usually one of their parents. It
drive in today’s traffic conditions
would not be fair to sud- denly say they have
e. whether parents are able to do a good
to wait two more years.
job teaching their children to drive

Dakota: It is true that people have been allowed On what does Quinn rely in making her
500.
to receive a driver’s license at sixteen for genera- argument?
tions. However, in recent years, the increase in a. statistics
traffic means drivers face more dangers than ever b. emotion
and must be ready to respond to a variety of sit- c. fairness
uations. The fact that schools can no longer afford d. anecdotes
to teach drivers’ education results in too many e. actualities
young drivers who are not prepared to face the
traffic conditions of today. On what does Dakota rely in making her
501.
argument?
a. statistics
b. emotion
c. fairness
d. anecdotes
e. actualities

98
 Answers

} Set 1 (Page 2) 8. b This is an alternating number subtraction

. series. First, 2 is subtracted, then 4, then
2,
1. b. This is a simple addition series. Each num- and so on.
ber increases by 2. 9. c. In this simple alternating subtraction and
2. b. This is a simple subtraction series. Each addition series; 1 is subtracted, then 2 is
number is 6 less than the previous added, and so on.
3. c. number. This is an alternation with 10. d. This alternating addition series begins with
repetition series in which each number 3; then 1 is added to give 4; then 3 is
repeatsitself and then increases by 7. added to give 7; then 1 is added, and so
4. a. This is a simple subtraction series. Each 11. a. on.
number is 35 less than the previous This is a simple alternating subtraction
5. d. number. In this addition series, 1 is added 12. c. series, which subtracts 2, then 5.
to the first number; 2 is added to the In this alternating repetition series, the ran-
second number; 3 is added to the third dom number 21 is interpolated every other
6. d. number; and so forth. This is a simple number into an otherwise simple addition
addition series with a ran- dom number, 8, series that increases by 2, beginning with
interpolated as every other number. In the 13. b. the number 9.
series, 6 is added to each number except 8, In this series, each number is repeated,
to arrive at the next number. 14. c. then 13 issubtracted to arrive at the next
7. a. This is an alternating addition and subtrac- number. This is a simple multiplication
tion series. In the first pattern, 10 is sub- series. Each number is 3 times more than
tracted from each number to arrive at the 15. a. the previous number.
next. In the second, 5 is added to each This is a simple division series. Each num-
num- ber to arrive at the next. ber is divided by 5.

99
 ANSWERS

16. b This is a simple alternating addition and 19. d. In this simple subtraction series, each num-
.
subtraction series. In the first pattern, 3 is ber decreases by 0.4.
added; in the second, 2 is subtracted. 20. b. This is a simple division series; each num-
This is an alternating multiplication and ber is one-half of the previous number.
17. b
subtracting series: First, multiply by 2 and
.
then subtract 8.
In this simple addition series, each number
increases by 0.8.
18. c.

100
 ANSWERS

} Set 2 (Page 4) 32. a. This is a subtraction series with

repetition. Each number repeats itself and
then
21. b. In this simple subtraction series, each num- decreases by 9.
ber is 6 less than the previous number. 33. e. This is an alternating subtraction series with
22. c. In this simple addition series, each number repetition. There are two different patterns
is 5 greater than the previous number. here. In the first, a number repeats itself;
23. e. This is a simple subtraction with repetition then 3 is added to that number to arrive at
series. It begins with 20, which is repeated, the next number, which also repeats. This
then 3 is subtracted, resulting in 17, which gives the series 17, 17, 20, 20, 23, and so
is repeated, and so on. on. Every third number follows a second
24. d. This is a simple addition series with a ran- pat- tern, in which 3 is subtracted from each
dom number, 18, interpolated as every third number to arrive at the next: 34, 31, 28.
number. In the series, 4 is added to each 34. d. This is an alternating addition series with a
number except 18, to arrive at the next random number, 4, interpolated as every
number. third number. In the main series, 1 is added,
25. a. In this alternating repetition series, a ran- then 2 is added, then 1, then 2, and so on.
dom number, 33, is interpolated every third 35. e. This is an alternating repetition series, in
number into a simple addition series, in which a random number, 61, is interpolated
which each number increases by 2. as every third number into an otherwise
26. b. This is a simple addition series, which simple subtraction series. Starting with the
begins with 2 and adds 6. second number, 57, each number (except
27. a. This is an alternating subtraction series 61) is 7 less than the previous number.
with the interpolation of a random 36. d. Here is a simple addition series, which
number, 5, as every third number. In the begins with 9 and adds 7.
subtraction series, 3 is subtracted, then 4, 37. c. This is an alternating repetition series, with a
28. e. then 3, and so on. random number, 22, interpolated as every
This is a simple alternating addition and third number into an otherwise simple addi-
subtraction series. First, 3 is added, then 1 tion series. In the addition series, 4 is added
is subtracted, then 3 is added, 1 to each number to arrive at the next number.
29. b. subtracted, and so on. 38. d. This is an alternating addition and subtrac-
This is a simple subtraction series in which a tion series. In the first pattern, 2 is added to
random number, 85, is interpolated as each number to arrive at the next; in the
every third number. In the subtraction alternate pattern, 6 is subtracted from each
series, 10 is subtracted from each number number to arrive at the next.
30. c. to arrive at the next. 39. d. In this simple addition series, each number
Here, every other number follows a is 5 more than the previous number.
different pattern. In the first series, 6 is 40. b. This is an alternating addition series, with a
added to each number to arriveat the next. random number, 21, interpolated as every
In the second series, 10 is added to each third number. The addition series alternates
31. e. number to arrive at the next. between adding 3 and adding 4. The num-
This is an alternating addition series, in ber 21 appears after each number arrived at
which 10 is added, then 5, then 10, and by adding 3.
so on.
101
 ANSWERS

} Set 3 (Page 6) 52. Here, every third number follows a

c. different pattern from the main series. In
the main
41. e. This is a simple subtraction series, in which series, beginning with 16, 10 is added to
3 is subtracted from each number to arrive each number to arrive at the next. In the
at the next. alternating series, beginning with 56, 12 is
42. e. This simple addition series adds 4 to added to each number to arrive at the
each number to arrive at the next. 53. a. next. This is an alternating addition series
43. d. This is a simple subtraction series, in which with repetition, in which a random number,
4 is subtracted from each number to arrive 66, is interpolated as every third number.
at the next. The regular series adds 2, then 3, then 2,
44. d. Here, there are two alternating patterns, and so on, with 66 repeated after each “add
one addition and one subtraction. The first 54. c. 2” step. This is an alternating addition
starts with 2 and increases by 2; the second series, with a random number, 35,
starts with 44 and decreases by 3. interpolated as every third number. The
45. a. In this simple subtraction series, the num- pattern of addition is to add 2, add 5, add
bers decrease by 3. 2, and so on. The number 35 comes after
46. b. In this simple addition with repetition 55. e. each “add 2” step.
series, each number in the series repeats This is an alternating subtraction series,
itself, and then increases by 12 to arrive 56. c. which subtracts 5, then 2, then 5, and so
at the next number. on. This is an alternating subtraction series
47. b. This is an alternating addition and subtrac- in which 2 is subtracted twice, then 3 is
tion series, in which the addition of 4 is sub- tracted once, then 2 is subtracted
alternated with the subtraction of 3. 57. a. twice, and so on.
48. e. Two patterns alternate here, with every This is a simple addition series with repeti-
third number following the alternate pat- tion. It adds 3 to each number to arrive at
tern. In the main series, beginning with 4, 3 the next, which is repeated before 3 is
is added to each number to arrive at the 58. c. added again.
next. In the alternating series, beginning Here, there are two alternating patterns.
with 26, 6 is subtracted from each number The first begins with 17 and adds 2; the
to arrive at the next. 59. a. sec- ond begins with 32 and subtracts 3.
49. c. This is an alternating addition series that Two patterns alternate here. The first pat-
adds 5, then 2, then 5, and so on. tern begins with 10 and adds 2 to each
50. d. In this simple subtraction with repetition number to arrive at the next; the
series, each number is repeated, then 3 is alternating pattern begins with 34 and
subtracted to give the next number, which 60. a. subtracts 3 each time.
is then repeated, and so on. This is an alternating repetition series. The
51. b. Here, there are two alternating patterns, number 32 alternates with a series in
with every other number following a differ- which each number decreases by 2.
ent pattern. The first pattern begins with 13
and adds 2 to each number to arrive at the
next; the alternating pattern begins with 29
and subtracts 3 each time.

102
 ANSWERS

} Set 4 (Page 8) 66. a. In this series, 5 is added to the previous

number; the number 70 is inserted as
every
61. b. This is a simple alternating addition and third number.
subtraction series. The first series begins 67. d. This is an alternating division and addition
with 8 and adds 3; the second begins series: First, divide by 2, and then add 8.
with 43 and subtracts 2. 68. c. This is a simple multiplication series. Each
62. d. In this simple addition with repetition number is 2 times greater than the previous
series, each number in the series repeats number.
itself, and then increases by 12 to arrive 69. b. This is a multiplication series; each number
at the next number. is 3 times the previous number.
63. b. This is a simple subtraction series in which 70. a. In this series, the letters progress by 1; the
a random number, 93, is interpolated as numbers decrease by 3.
every third number. In the subtraction 71. b. In this series, the letters progress by 2, and
series, 10 is subtracted from each number the numbers increase by 2.
to arrive at the next. 72. c. The letters decrease by 1; the numbers are
64. a. Two series alternate here, with every third multiplied by 2.
number following a different pattern. In the 73. d. This is a simple addition series; each num-
main series, 3 is added to each number to ber is 3 more than the previous number.
arrive at the next. In the alternating series, 74. c. This is a simple subtraction series; each
5 is subtracted from each number to arrive number is 4 less than the previous number.
at the next. 75. b. This is an alternating addition and subtrac-
65. d. This series alternates the addition of 4 tion series. Roman numbers alternate with
with the subtraction of 3. Arabic numbers. In the Roman numeral
pattern, each number decreases by 1. In the
Arabic numeral pattern, each number
increases by 1.

103
 ANSWERS

} Set 5 (Page 10) 82. In this series, the third letter is repeated
a. as the first letter of the next segment.
The
76. a. This series consists of letters in a reverse middle letter, A, remains static. The third
alphabetical order. letters are in alphabetical order, beginning
77. b. This is an alternating series in alphabetical with R.
order. The middle letters follow the order 83. d. In this series, the letters remain the same:
ABCDE. The first and third letters are DEF. The subscript numbers follow this
alphabetical beginning with J. The third let- series: 1,1,1; 1,1,2; 1,2,2; 2,2,2; 2,2,3.
ter is repeated as a first letter in each 84. c. There are two alphabetical series here. The
subse- quent three-letter segment. first series is with the first letters only:
78. b. Because the letters are the same, STUVW. The second series involves the
concentrate on the number series, which is remaining letters: CD, EF, GH, IJ, KL.
a simple 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 series, and follows 85. a. The middle letters are static, so concentrate
each letter in order. on the first and third letters. The series
79. d. The second and forth letters in the series, involves an alphabetical order with a rever-
L and A, are static. The first and third let- sal of the letters. The first letters are in
ters consist of an alphabetical order alphabetical order: F, G, H, I, J. The second
begin- ning with the letter E. and fourth segments are reversals of the
80. c. The first two letters, PQ, are static. The first and third segments. The missing seg-
third letter is in alphabetical order, begin- ment begins with a new letter.
ning with R. The number series is in 86. a. This series consists of a simple alphabetical
descending order beginning with 5. order with the first two letters of all seg-
81. c. The first letters are in alphabetical order ments: B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K. The third
with a letter skipped in between each seg- letter of each segment is a repetition of the
ment: C, E, G, I, K. The second and third first letter.
letters are repeated; they are also in order 87. d. There are three series to look for here. The
with a skipped letter: M, O, Q, S, U. first letters are alphabetical in reverse: Z, Y,
X, W, V. The second letters are in alphabeti-
cal order, beginning with A. The number
series is as follows: 5, 4, 6, 3, 7.

104
 ANSWERS

} Set 6 (Page 11) inside. In the fourth segment, the

squares are above the triangle and
circle.
88. b Look at each segment. In the first segment, 95. a. Look at each segment. You will notice that
. the arrows are both pointing to the right. In in each, the figure on the right and the fig-
the second segment, the first arrow is up ure on the left are the same; the figure in
and the second is down. The third segment between is different. To continue this pat-
repeatsthe first segment. In the fourth seg- tern in the last segment, the diamond on
ment, the arrows are up and then down. the left will be repeated on the right.
Because this is an alternating series, the Choice a is the only possible answer.
two arrows pointing right will be repeated, 96. b. Each arrow in this continuing series moves
so option b is the only possible choice. a few degrees in a clockwise direction.
Noticethat in each segment, the figures are Think of these arrows as the big hand on a
89. b. all the same shape, but the one in the clock. The first arrow is at noon. The last
middle is larger than the two on either side. arrow before the blank would be 12:40.
Also, noticethat one of the figures is Choice b, the correct answer, is at 12:45.
shaded and that this shading alternates 97. c. Study the pattern carefully. In the first seg-
first right and then left. To continue this ment, two letters face right and the next two
pattern in the third segment, you will look face left. The first letter in the second seg-
for a square. Choice b is correct because ment repeatsthe last letter of the previous
this choice will put the large square segment. The same is true for the third seg-
betweenthe two smaller squares, with the ment. But the forth segment changes again;
shading on the right. it is the opposite of the first segment, so the
90. c. This is an alternating series. In the first seg- last two letters must face right.
ment, the letter “E” faces right, then down,
then right. In the second segment, the the other two. In the third segment, the squares on are
letters all face down. To follow this the
pattern, in the fourth segment, the letters
91. c. must all face up. In this series, the shaded
part inside the cir- cle gets larger and then
92. d. smaller.
Look for opposites in this series of figures.
The first and second segments are
opposites of each other. The same is true
93. a. for the third and fourth segments.
Look carefully at the number of dots in
each domino. The first segment goes from
five to three to one. The second segment
goes from one to three to five. The third
94. c. segment repeats the first segment.
All four segments use the same figures:
two squares, one circle, and one triangle.
In the first segment, the squares are on the
outside of the circle and triangle. In the
second seg- ment, the squares are below
98. d. on each figure. In the first square is completely shaded, starts over with
This segment, the three figures have an unshaded square. In the second segment,
seq
one side, and then two sides, you will notice that the figure goes from
uen
ce and then three sides. In the completely shaded to completely unshaded.
con second segment, the number of This is why choice a is the correct choice.
cern sides increases and then 100. d. This is an alternating series. The first and
s decreases. In the third segment, third segments are repeated. The second
the
the number of sides con- tinues segment is simply upside down.
num
ber to decrease. 101. d. In each of the segments, the figures
of 99. a. In this series, the figures alternate between one-half and one-fourth
side increase the amount of shading shaded.
s by one-fourth and, once a
105
 ANSWERS

} Set 7 (Page 13) 111. a. An index, glossary, and chapter are all parts
of a book. Choice a does not belong because
102. c. A leopard, cougar, and lion all belong to the the book is the whole, not a part.
cat family; an elephant does not. 112. c. The noun, preposition, and adverb are
103. b. The couch, table, and chair are pieces of classes of words that make up a sentence.
furni- ture; the rug is not. Punctua- tion belongs in a sentence, but
104. a. The yarn, twine, and cord are all used for punctuation is not a class of word.
tying. The tape is not used in the same way. 113. d. The cornea, retina, and pupil are all parts of
105. b. The guitar, violin, and cello are stringed the eye.
instru- 114. d. Rye, sourdough, and pumpernickel aretypes
ments; the flute is a wind instrument. of bread. A loaf is not a bread type.
106. c. Tulip, rose, and daisy are all types of flowers. 115. b. An ounce measures weight; the other
A bud is not. choices measure length.
107. d. Tire, steering wheel, and engine are all parts 116. a. Freeway, interstate, and expressway are all
of a car. high- speed highways; a street is for low-
108. d. Parsley, basil, and dill are types of herbs. speedtraffic.
May- onnaise is not an herb. 117. b. Dodge, duck, and avoid are all synonyms
109. b. A branch, leaf, and root are all parts of a meaning evade. Flee means to run away from.
tree. The dirt underneath is not a part of the 118. c. Heading, body, and closing are all parts of a
tree. let- ter; the letter is the whole, not a part.
110. d. The first three choices are all synonyms.
106
 ANSWERS

} Set 8 (Page 15) 128. c. A peninsula, island, and cape are all landforms;
a bay is a body of water.
119. d. The core, seeds, and pulp are all parts of an 129. c. Seat, rung, and leg are all parts of a chair.
apple. A slice would be a piece taken out of Not all chairs have cushions.
an apple. 130. d. Fair, just, and equitable are all synonyms
120. b. Unique, rare, and exceptional are all mean- ing impartial. Favorable means
synonyms. Beautiful has a different meaning. expressing approval.
121. c. Biology, chemistry, and zoology are all 131. c. Defendant, prosecutor, and judge are all per-
branches of science. Theology is the study of sons involved in a trial. A trial is not a person.
religion. 132. b. Area, circumference, and quadrilateral are all
122. a. A circle, oval, and sphere are all circular terms used in the study of geometry. Variable is
shapes with no angles. A triangle is a different a term generally used in the study of algebra.
kind of shape with angles and three straight 133. b. The mayor, governor, and senator are all
sides. per- sons elected to government offices; the
123. a. Flourish, prosper, and thrive are all lawyer is not an elected official.
synonyms; excite does not mean the same 134. d. Acute, right, and obtuse are geometric terms
thing. describing particular angles. Parallel refers to
124. d. Evaluate, assess, and appraise are all synonyms; two lines that never intersect.
instruct does not mean the same thing. 135. c. The wing, fin, and rudder are all parts of an
125. a. The lobster, crab, and shrimp are all types of airplane.
crustaceans; an eel is a fish. 136. a. The heart, liver, and stomach are all organs
126. c. The scythe, knife, and saw are all cutting of the body. The aorta is an artery, not an
tools. Pliers are tools, but they are notusedfor organ.
cutting.
127. b. Two, six, and eight are all even numbers;
three is an odd number.
107
 ANSWERS

} Set 9 (Page 17) 144. a. Without students, a school cannot exist;

there- fore, students are the essential part of
137. b. The necessary part of a book is its pages; schools. The other choices may be related, but
there is no book without pages. Not all books they are not essential.
are fiction (choice a), and not all books have 145. d. Words are a necessary part of language. Slang
pic- tures (choice c). Learning (choice d) may is not necessary to language (choice b). Not all
or may not take place with a book. languages are written (choice c). Words do not
138. d. A guitar does not exist without strings, so have to be spoken in order to be part of a lan-
strings are an essential part of a guitar. A band guage (choice a).
is not necessary to a guitar (choice a). Guitar 146. b. A desert is an arid tract of land. Not all
playing can be learned without a teacher deserts are flat (choice d). Not all deserts have
(choice b). Songs are byproducts of a guitar cacti or oases (choices a and c).
(choice c). 147. a. Lightning is produced from a discharge of
139. a. All shoes have a sole of some sort. Not all elec- tricity, so electricity is essential. Thunder
shoes are made of leather (choice b); nor do and rain are not essential to the production of
they all have laces (choice c). Walking (choice light- ning (choices b and d). Brightness may be
d) is not essential to a shoe. a byproduct of lightning, but it is not essential
140. c. A person or animal must take in oxygen for (choice c).
respiration to occur. A mouth (choice a) is not 148. b. The essential part of a monopoly is that it
essential because breathing can occur through involves exclusive ownership or control.
the nose. Choices b and d are clearly not 149. d. To harvest something, one must have a crop,
essen- tial and can be ruled out. which is the essential element for this item.
141. b. An election does not exist without voters. Autumn (choice a) is not the only time crops
The election of a president (choice a) is a are harvested. There may not be enough of a
byproduct. Not all elections are held in crop to stockpile (choice b), and you can har-
November (choice c), nor are they nationwide vest crops without a tractor (choice c).
(choice d). 150. a. A gala indicates a celebration, the necessary
142. d. A diploma is awarded at graduation, so element here. A tuxedo (choice b) is not
gradu- ation is essential to obtaining a diploma. required garb at a gala, nor is an appetizer
Employment may be a byproduct (choice c). A (choice c). A gala may be held without the ben-
principal and a curriculum (choices a and b) efit of anyone speaking (choice d).
may play a role in the awarding of some diplo- 151. d. Pain is suffering or hurt, so choice d is the
mas, but they are not essential. essential element. Without hurt, there is no
143. c. Water is essential for swimming—without pain. A cut (choice a) or a burn (choice b) may
water, there is no swimming. The other choices cause pain, but so do many other types of
are things that may or may not be present. injury. A nuisance (choice c) is an annoyance
that may or may not cause pain.

108
 ANSWERS

} Set 10 (Page 19) 158. b. An itinerary is a proposed route of a journey.

A map (choice a) is not necessary to have a
152. c. An infirmary is a place that takes care of the planned route. Travel (choice c) is usually the
infirm, sick, or injured. Without patients, there outcome of an itinerary, but not always. A
is no infirmary. Surgery (choice a) may not be guidebook (choice d) may be used to plan the
required for patients. A disease (choice b) is journey but is not essential.
not necessary because the infirmary may only 159. c. An orchestra is a large group of musicians, so
see patients with injuries. A receptionist musicians are essential. Although many orches-
(choice d) would be helpful but not essential. tras have violin sections, violins aren’t essential
153. b. A facsimile must involve an image of some to an orchestra (choice a). Neither a stage
sort. The image or facsimile need not, however, (choice b) nor a soloist (choice d) is necessary.
be a picture (choice a). A mimeograph and a 160. d. Knowledge is understanding gained through
copier machine (choices c and d) are just a two experience or study, so learning is the essential
of the ways that images may be produced, so element. A school (choice a) is not necessary
they do not qualify as the essential element for for learning or knowledge to take place, nor is a
this item. teacher or a textbook (choices b and c).
154. b. A domicile is a legal residence, so dwelling is 161. d. A dimension is a measure of spatial content.
the essential component for this item. You do A compass (choice a) and ruler (choice b) may
not need a tenant (choice a) in the domicile, help determine the dimension, but other
nor do you need a kitchen (choice c). A house instruments may also be used, so these are not
(choice d) is just one form of a domicile (which the essential element here. An inch (choice c) is
could also be a tent, hogan, van, camper, only one way to determine a dimension.
motor home, apartment, dormitory, etc.). 162. a. Sustenance is something, especially food,
155. d. A culture is the behavior pattern of a particu- that sustains life or health, so nourishment is
lar population, so customs are the essential the essential element. Water and grains
element. A culture may or may not be civil or (choices b and c) are components of
educated (choices a and b). A culture may be nourishment, but other things can be taken in
an agricultural society (choice c), but this is not as well. A menu (choice d) may present a list of
the essential element. foods, but it is not essential to sustenance.
156. a. A bonus is something given or paid beyond 163. c. An ovation is prolonged, enthusiastic
what is usual or expected, so reward is the applause, so applause is necessary to an
essential element. A bonus may not involve a ovation. An out- burst (choice a) may take
raise in pay or cash (choices b and c), and it may place during an ova- tion; “bravo” (choice b)
be received from someone other than an may or may not be uttered; and an encore
employer (choice d). (choice d) would take place after an ovation.
157. c. An antique is something that belongs to, or 164. a. All vertebrates have a backbone. Reptiles
was made in, an earlier period. It may or may (choice b) are vertebrates, but so are many
not be a rarity (choice a), and it does not have other animals. Mammals (choice c) are verte-
to be an artifact, an object produced or shaped brates, but so are birds and reptiles. All verte-
by human craft (choice b). An antique is old brates (choice d) are animals, but not all
but does not have to be prehistoric (choice d). animals are vertebrates.

109
 ANSWERS

165. b. Provisions imply the general supplies 166. d. A purchase is an acquisition of something. A
needed, so choice b is the essential element. purchase may be made by trade (choice a) or
The other choices are byproducts, but they with money (choice b), so those are not
are not essential. essen- tial elements. A bank (choice c) may or
may not be involved in a purchase.

110
 ANSWERS

} Set 11 (Page 21) 174. a. A cage is meant to keep something

surrounded, so enclosure is the essential
167. a. A dome is a large rounded roof or ceiling, so element. A prisoner (choice b) or an animal
being rounded is essential to a dome. A geo- (choice c) are two things that may be kept in
desic dome (choice b) is only one type of cages, among many other things. A zoo (choice
dome. Some, but not all domes, have copper d) is only one place that has cages.
roofs (choice d). Domes are often found on 175. b. A directory is a listing of names or things, so
govern- ment buildings (choice c), but domes choice b is the essential element. A telephone
exist in many other places. (choice a) often has a directory associated with
168. b. A recipe is a list of directions to make some- it, but it is not essential. A computer (choice c)
thing. Recipes may be used to prepare desserts uses a directory format to list files, but it is not
(choice a), among other things. One does not required. Names (choice d) are often listed in a
need a cookbook (choice c) to have a recipe, directory, but many other things are listed in
and utensils (choice d) may or may not be used directories, so this is not the essential element.
to make a recipe. 176. a. An agreement is necessary to have a contract.
169. d. A hurricane cannot exist without wind. A A contract may appear on a document (choice
beach is not essential to a hurricane (choice a). b), but it is not required. A contract may be
A hur- ricane is a type of cyclone, which rules oral as well as written, so choice c is not
out choice b. Not all hurricanes cause damage essential. A contract can be made without an
(choice c). attorney (choice d).
170. c. Without a signature, there is no autograph. 177. b. A saddle is something one uses to sit on an
Athletes and actors (choices a and b) may sign ani- mal, so it must have a seat (choice b). A
autographs, but they are not essential. An saddle is often used on a horse (choice a), but it
auto- graph can be signed with something other may be used on other animals. Stirrups (choice
than a pen (choice d). c) are often found on a saddle but may not be
171. a. Residents must be present in order to have a used. A horn (choice d) is found on Western
town. A town may be too small to have sky- saddles, but not English saddles, so it is not the
scrapers (choice b). A town may or may not essential element here.
have parks (choice c) and libraries (choice d), 178. a. Something cannot vibrate without creating
so they are not the essential elements. motion, so motion is essential to vibration.
172. d. A wedding results in a joining, or a marriage, 179. b. The essential part of a cell is its nucleus. Not
so choice d is the essential element. Love all cells produce chlorophyll (choice a). Not all
(choice a) usually precedes a wedding, but it is cells are nerve cells (choice c). All living things,
not essential. A wedding may take place not just humans (choice d), have cells.
anywhere, so a church (choice b) is not 180. c. Without a first-place win, there is no cham-
required. A ring (choice c) is often used in a pion, so winning is essential. There may be
wedding, but it is not necessary. champions in running, swimming, or speaking,
173. c. A faculty consists of a group of teachers and but there are also champions in many other
cannot exist without them. The faculty may areas.
work in buildings (choice a), but the buildings
aren’t essential. They may use textbooks (choice
b) and attend meetings (choice d), but these
aren’t essential either.
111
 ANSWERS

181. d. A glacier is a large mass of ice and cannot

exist without it. A glacier can move down a
moun- tain, but it can also move across a
valley or a plain, which rules out choice a.
Glaciers exist in all seasons, which rules out
choice b. There are many glaciers in the
world today, which rules out choice c.

112
 ANSWERS

} Set 12 (Page 23) 188. b. An actor performs in a play. A musician per-

forms at a concert. Choices a, c, and d are
182.b. Coffee goes into a cup and soup goes into a incor- rect because none is people who
bowl. Choices a and c are incorrect because perform.
they are other utensils. The answer is not 189. a. Careful and cautious are synonyms (they
choice d because the word food is too mean the same thing). Boastful and arrogant
general. are also synonyms. The answer is not choice b
183. d. A gym is a place where people exercise. A because humble means the opposite of
restaurant is a place where people eat. Food boastful. The answer is not choice c or d
(choice a) is not the answer because it is some- because neither means the same as boastful.
thing people eat, not a place or location where 190. d. A group of lions is called a pride. A group of
they eat. The answer is not choice b or c fish swim in a school. Teacher (choice a) and
because neither represents a placewhere student (choice b) refer to another meaning of
people eat. the word school. The answer is not choice c
184. c. An oar puts a rowboat into motion. A foot because self-respect has no obvious relationship
puts a skateboard into motion. The answer is to this particular meaning of school.
not choice a because running is not an object 191. a. Guide and direct are synonyms, and reduce
that is put into motion by a foot. Sneaker and decrease are synonyms. The answer is not
(choice b) is incorrect because it is something choice b or d because neither means the same
worn on a foot. Jumping (choice d) is incorrect as reduce. Choice c is incorrect because
because although you do need feet to jump, increase is the opposite of reduce.
jumping is not an object that is put into motion 192. b. A yard is a larger measure than an inch (a
by means of a foot. yard contains 36 inches). A quart is a larger
185. d. A window is made up of panes, and a book is measure than an ounce (a quart contains 32
made up of pages. The answer is not choice a ounces). Gallon (choice a) is incorrect because
because a novel is a type of book. The answer is it is larger than a quart. Choices c and d are
not choice b because glass has no relationship incorrect because they are not units of
to a book. Choice c is incorrect because a cover measurement.
is only one part of a book; a book is not made 193. c. A lizard is a type of reptile; a daisy is a type
up of covers. of flower. Choices a and b are incorrect
186. c. Secretly is the opposite of openly, and silently because a petal and a stem are parts of a flower,
is the opposite of noisily. Choices a and b are not types of flowers. Choice d is incorrect
clearly not the opposites of silently. Choice d because an alligator is another type of reptile,
means the same thing as silently. not a type of flower.
187. b. An artist makes paintings; a senator makes 194. b. Elated is the opposite of despondent;
laws. The answer is not choice a because an enlight- ened is the opposite of ignorant.
attorney does not make laws and a senator is 195. d. A marathon is a long race and hibernation is
not an attorney. Choice c is incorrect because a a lengthy period of sleep. The answer is not
sena- tor is a politician. Constituents (choice d) choice a or b because even though a bear and
is also incorrect because a senator serves his or winter are related to hibernation, neither com-
her constituents. pletes the analogy. Choice c is incorrect
because sleep and dream are not synonymous.
113
 ANSWERS

196. a. If someone has been humiliated, they have 199. c. A sponge is a porous material. Rubber is an
been greatly embarrassed. If someone is elastic material. Choice a is incorrect because
terrified, they are extremely frightened. The rubber would not generally be referred to as
answer is not choice b because an agitated massive. The answer is not choice b because
person is not necessarily frightened. Choices c even though rubber is a solid, its most notice-
and d are incorrect because neither word able characteristic is its elasticity. Choice d is
expresses a state of being frightened. incorrect because rubber has flexibility.
197. d. An odometer is an instrument used to 200. d. Candid and indirect refer to opposing traits.
measure mileage. A compass is an instrument Honest and untruthful refer to opposing traits.
used to determine direction. Choices a, b, and c The answer is not choice a because frank
are incorrect because none is an instrument. means the same thing as candid. Wicked
198. a. An optimist is a person whose outlook is (choice b) is incorrect because even though it
cheer- ful. A pessimist is a person whose refers to a negative trait, it does not mean the
outlook is gloomy. The answer is not choice b opposite of honest. Choice c is incorrect
because a pessimist does not have to be mean. because truthful and honest mean the same
Choices c and d are incorrect because neither thing.
adjective describes the outlook of a pessimist. 201. d. A pen is a tool used by a poet. A needle is a
tool used by a tailor. The answer is not choice
a, b, or c because none is a person and
therefore cannot complete the analogy.

114
 ANSWERS

} Set 13 (Page 25) 212. c. A trapeze performer is to a clown as swings

are to a sliding board. This relationship shows a
202. d. A can of paint is to a paintbrush as a spool of classification. Trapeze performers and clowns
thread is to a sewing needle. This is a relation- are found at circuses; swings and sliding boards
ship of function. Both show the tool needed to are found on playgrounds.
perform a task. 213. c. Camera is to photograph as teakettle is to a
203. a. Grapes are to a pear as cheese is to butter. cup of tea. The camera is used to make the
This relationship shows the grouping or photo; the teakettle is used to make the tea.
category to which something belongs. Grapes 214. b. Hat and mittens are to desert as snorkel and
and pears are fruit; cheese and butter are both flippers are to snow. This relationship shows an
dairy products. opposition. The hat and mittens are NOT worn
204. d. An oar is to a canoe as a steering wheel is to in the desert; the snorkel and flippers are NOT
a car. This is a functional relationship. The oar worn in the snow.
helps steer the canoe in the way that the steer- 215. d. Car is to horse and buggy as computer is to
ing wheel steers the car. pen and ink. This relationship shows the dif-
205. a. Cup is to bowl as vacuum cleaner is to ference betweenmodern times and times past.
broom. This is another relationship about 216. c. Leather boots are to cow as pearl necklace is
function. The cup and bowl are both used for to oyster. The leather to make the boots comes
eating. The vacuum cleaner and broom are from a cow; the pearls to make the necklace
both used for cleaning. come from oysters.
206. d. Sheep are to sweater as pine trees are to log 217. b. A toddler is to an adult as a caterpillar is to a
cabin. Wool comes from the sheep to make a butterfly. This relationship shows the young
sweater; wood comes from the trees to make and the adult. The caterpillar is an early stage
the log cabin. of the adult butterfly.
207. a. H and is to ring as head is to cap. A ring is 218. b. Towel is to bathtub as chest of drawers is to
worn on a person’s hand; a cap is worn on a bed. The towel and bathtub are both found in
person’s head. a bathroom; the chest and the bed are both
208. b. A palm tree is to a pine tree as a bathing suit is found in a bedroom.
to a parka. This relationship shows an opposite 219. a. A snow-capped mountain is to a crocodile as
— warm to cold. Palm trees grow in warm a cactus is to a starfish. This relationship shows
climates and pine trees grow in cold climates. an opposition. The crocodile does NOT belong
Bathing suits are worn in warm weather; parkas on the mountain; the starfish does NOT belong
are worn in cold weather. in the desert.
209. d. Batteries are to a flashlight as telephone 220. c. A shirt is to a button as a belt is to a belt
wires are to a telephone. The batteries provide buckle. A button is used to close a shirt; a belt
power to the flashlight; the wires send power to buckle is used to close a belt.
the telephone. 221. c. A penny is to a dollar as a small house is to a
210. d. A fish is to a dragonfly as a chicken is to corn. skyscraper. This relationship shows smaller to
Fish eat insects; chickens eat corn. larger. A penny is much smaller than a dollar; a
211. a. A telephone is to a stamped letter as an air- house is much smaller than a skyscraper.
plane is to a bus. A telephone and letter are
both forms of communication. An airplane and
bus are both forms of transportation.
115
 ANSWERS

} Set 14 (Page 31) 232. b. Closet is to shirt as kitchen cabinets are to

cans of food. The shirt is stored in the closet;
222. b. Guitar is to horn as hammer is to saw. This the food is stored in the cabinets.
relationship is about grouping. The guitar 233. a. Pyramid is to triangle as cube is to square.
and horn are musical instruments. The This relationship shows dimension. The triangle
hammer and saw are carpentry tools. shows one dimension of the pyramid; the
223. d. Tree is to leaf as bird is to feather. This rela- square is one dimension of the cube.
tionship shows part to whole. The leaf is a part 234. c. Toothbrush is to toothpaste as butter knife is
of the tree; the feather is a part of the bird. to butter. This relationship shows function. The
224. c. House is to tent as truck is to wagon. The toothbrush is used to apply the toothpaste to
house is a more sophisticated form of shelter teeth; the knife is used to apply butter to
than the tent; the truck is a more sophisticated bread.
mode of transportation than the wagon. 235. c. Fly is to ant as snake is to lizard. The fly and
225. c. Scissors is to knife as pitcher is to watering ant are both insects; the snake and lizard are
can. This relationship is about function. The both reptiles.
scissors and knife are both used for cutting. 236. a. Sail is to sailboat as pedal is to bicycle. The
The pitcher and watering can are both used for sail makes the sailboat move; the pedal makes
watering. the bicycle move.
226. b. A T-shirt is to a pair of shoes as a chest of 237. d. Hose is to firefighter as needle is to nurse.
draw- ers is to a couch. The relationship shows This relationship shows the tools of the trade. A
to which group something belongs. The T-shirt hose is a tool used by a firefighter; a needle is a
and shoes are both articles of clothing; the tool used by a nurse.
chest and couch are both pieces of furniture. 238. c. A U.S. flag is to a fireworks display as a Hal-
227. d. A bookshelf is to a book as a refrigerator is to loween mask is to a pumpkin. This relationship
a carton of milk. The book is placed on a book- shows symbols. The flag and fireworks are sym-
shelf; the milk is placed in a refrigerator. bols of the Fourth of July. The mask and pump-
228. d. A squirrel is to an acorn as a bird is to a kin are symbols of Halloween.
worm. A squirrel eats acorns; a bird eats 239. d. Newspaper is to book as trumpet is to banjo.
worms. The newspaper and book are to read; the trum-
229. b. An eye is to a pair of binoculars as a mouth is pet and banjo are musical instruments to play.
to a microphone. This relationship shows mag- 240. b. Dishes are to kitchen sink as car is to hose.
nification. The binoculars help one see farther. Dishes are cleaned in the sink; the car is
The microphone helps one speak louder. cleaned with the hose.
230. a. Knitting needles are to sweater as a computer 241. a. The United States is to the world as a brick is
is to a report. This relationship shows the tool to a brick house. This relationship shows part
needed to make a product. The knitting to whole. The United States is one part of the
needles are used to create the sweater; the world; the brick is one part of the house.
computer is used to write a report.
231. b. Bread is to knife as log is to ax. This
relationship shows function. The knife cuts the
bread; the ax chops the log.

116
 ANSWERS

} Set 15 (Page 37) 250. d. Above the line, the relationship shows a pro-
gression of sources of light. The relationship
242. b. The three above the line are all insects. The below the line shows a progression of types of
hamster and squirrel are rodents, so the housing, from smallest to largest. Choice a is
correct choice is b because the mouse is also a incorrect because a tent is smaller than a
rodent. The other three choices are not house. Choices b and c are wrong because they
rodents. are not part of the progression.
243. a. In the relationship above the line, the saw 251. a. The relationship above the line is as follows;
and the nails are tools a carpenter uses. In the apples are a kind of fruit; fruit is sold in a super-
rela- tionship below the line, the stethoscope market. Below the line, the relationship is: a
and thermometer are tools a pediatrician uses. novel is a kind of book; books are sold in a
244. c. A table made of wood could come from an bookstore.
oak tree. A shirt made of cloth could come 252. d. The tadpole is a young frog; frogs are
from a cotton plant. Choice a looks like a amphib- ians. The lamb is a young sheep; sheep
reasonable answer if you apply the same are mammals. Animal (choice a) is incorrect
sentence: “A shirt made of cloth could come because it is too large a grouping: Animals
from sewing.” But this is not the same include insects, birds, mammals, reptiles, and
relationship as the one above the line. The oak amphibians. Choices b and c are incorrect
and the cotton are both materials used to because they are not part of the progression.
make the table and the shirt. 253. b. Walk, skip, and run represent a continuum of
245. d. The words above the line show a continuum: movement: Skipping is faster than walking;
Command is more extreme than rule, and dic- running is faster than skipping. Below the line,
tate is more extreme than command. Below the continuum is about throwing: Pitch is faster
the line, the continuum is as follows: Sleep is than toss; hurl is faster than pitch.
more than doze, and hibernate is more than 254. c. The honeybee, angel, and bat all have wings;
sleep. The other choices are not related in the they are capable of flying. The kangaroo,
same way. rabbit, and grasshopper are all capable of
246. a. A banquet and a feast are both large meals; hopping.
a palace and a mansion are both large places of 255. a. Above the line, the relationship is as follows:
shelter. A daisy is a type of flower, and a flower is a
247. b. A fence and a wall mark a boundary. A path type of plant. Below the line, the relationship is
and an alley mark a passageway. as follows: A bungalow is a type of house, and a
248. c. The objects above the line are all things used house is a type of building.
by an artist. The objects below the line are all
things used by a teacher.
249. b. The relationship above the line is that snow
on a mountain creates conditions for skiing.
Below the line, the relationship is that warmth
at a lake creates conditions for swimming.
117
 ANSWERS

} Set 16 (Page 39) 266. e. A binding surrounds abook; aframe

surrounds a picture.
256. b. A petal is a part of a flower; a tire is a part 267. b. One explores to discover; one researches to
of a bicycle. learn.
257. d. A bristle is a part of a brush; a key is a part 268. c. Upon harvesting, cotton is gathered into
of a piano. bales; grain is gathered into shocks.
258. a. A group of fish is a school; a group of wolves 269. a. Division and section are synonyms; layer
is a pack. and tier are synonyms.
259. a. An odometer measures distance; a scale 270. a. Pastoral describes rural areas; metropolitan
meas- describes urban areas.
ures weight. 271. d. A waitress works in a restaurant; a
260. d. Siamese is a kind of cat; romaine is a kind teacher works in a school.
of lettuce. 272. c. A finch is a type of bird; a Dalmatian is a
261. e. A pedal propels a bicycle; an oar propels a type of dog.
canoe. 273. e. To drizzle is to rain slowly; to jog is to run
262. c. Pulsate and throb are synonyms, as are slowly.
exam- ine and scrutinize. 274. c. A skein is a quantity of yarn; a ream is a
263. c. An elephant is a pachyderm; a kangaroo is quan- tity of paper.
a marsupial. 275. b. To tailor a suit is to alter it; to edit a
264. e. Depressed is an intensification of sad; ex- manuscript is to alter it.
hausted is an intensification of tired.
265. a. A psychologist treats a neurosis; an
ophthal- mologist treats a cataract.

118
 ANSWERS

} Set 17 (Page 41) 286. a. The deltoid is a muscle; the radius is a bone.
287. d. Umbrage and offense are synonyms; elation
276. d. A conductor leads an orchestra; a skipper and jubilance are synonyms.
leads a crew. 288. b. Being erudite is a trait of a professor; being
277. a. Jaundice is an indication of a liver problem; imaginative is a trait of an inventor.
rash is an indication of a skin problem. 289. d. Dependable and capricious are antonyms;
278. b. A cobbler makes and repairs shoes; a capable and inept are antonyms.
contrac- tor builds and repairs buildings. 290. a. A palm (tree) has fronds; a porcupine has quills.
279. e. To bephobic is to be extremely fearful; to 291. e. A metaphor is a symbol; an analogy is a
beasi- comparison.
nine is to be extremely silly. 292. d. A dirge is a song used at a funeral; a jingle is
280. c. Obsessionis agreater degree of interest; a song used in a commercial.
fantasy is a greater degree of dream. 293. e. Feral and tame are antonyms; ephemeral
281. d. Devotion is characteristic of a monk; and immortal are antonyms.
wander- lust is characteristic of a rover. 294. a. A spy actsin aclandestine manner; an
282. e. Slapstick results in laughter; horror results account- ant acts in a meticulous manner.
in fear. 295. c. Hegemony means dominance; autonomy
283. b. Verve and enthusiasm are synonyms; means independence.
devotion and reverence are synonyms. 296. e. An aerie is where an eagle lives; ahouse is
284. c. A cacophony is an unpleasant sound; a where a person lives.
stench is an unpleasant smell.
285. a. A conviction results in incarceration; a
reduc- tion results in diminution.

119
 ANSWERS

} Set 18 (Page 42) 303. a. Myn means saddle; cabel means horse; cono
means trail; and wir means ride. Therefore,
297. a. Grana means big; melke means tree; pini cabelwir is the correct answer.
means little; hoon means house. Therefore, 304. c. In this language, the adjective follows the
granahoon means big house. noun. From godabim and romzbim, you can
298. b. Leli means yellow; broon means hat; pleka deter- mine that bim means kidney. From
means flower; froti means garden; mix means romzbim and romzbako, you can determine
salad. Therefore, lelipleka means yellow flower. that romz means beans. Therefore, bako
299. d. From wilkospadi, you can determine that means wax. Because the adjective wax must
wilko means bicicyle and spadi means race. come after the noun in this language, wasibako
Therefore, the first part of the word that means is the only choice.
racecar should begin with spadi. That limits 305. b. Tam means sky; ceno means blue; rax means
your choices to b and d. Choice b, spadiwilko, is cheese; apl means star; and mitl means bright.
incorrect because we have already determined So, mitltam means bright sky.
that wilko means bicycle. Therefore, the 306. d. Gorbl means fan; flur means belt; pixn means
answer must be choice d, spadivolo. ceiling; arth means tile; and tusl means roof.
300. a. Dafta means advise; foni is the same as the Therefore, pixnarth is the correct choice.
suffix –ment; imo is the same as the prefix 307. d. Hapl means cloud; lesh means burst; srench
mis–; lokti means conduct. Since the only word means pin; och means ball; and resbo means
in the answer choices that hasn’t been defined nine. Leshsrench (choice a) doesn’t contain any
is krata, it is reasonable to assume that krata of the words needed for cloud nine. We know
means state. Therefore, kratafoni is the only that och means ball, so that rules out choices b
choice that could mean statement. and c. When you combine hapl (cloud) with
301. c. In this language, the adjective follows the resbo (nine), you get the correct answer.
noun. From dionot and blyonot, you can 308. d. Migen means cup; lasan means board; poen
determine that onot means oak. From blyonot means walk; cuop means pull; and dansa
and blycrin, you can determine that bly means means man. The only possible choices, then,
leaf. There- fore, crin means maple. Because are choices a and d. Choice a can be ruled out
the adjective maple comes after the noun, because migen means cup.
patricrin is the only possible choice.
302. c. In this language, the noun appears first and
the adjectives follow. Since agnos means spider
and should appear first, choices a and d can be
ruled out. Choice b can be ruled out because
delano means snake.

120
 ANSWERS

} Set 19 (Page 46) 315. a. Jalka means happy; mofti means birthday;
hoze means party; mento means good; and
309. c. Morpir means bird; quat means house; beel gunn means the suffix –ness. We know the
means blue; clak means bell. Choice c, which answer must include the suffix –ness. The only
begins with quat, is the only possible option. choice that uses that suffix is choice a.
310. b. According to this language, slar means jump. 316. d. Mallon means blue; piml means light; tifl
The suffix –ing is represented by –y. Since means berry; and arpan means “rasp” in
choice b is the only one that ends in the letter raspberry. The word piml, which means light, is
y, this is the only possible option. required for the word lighthouse. That rules out
311. b. Brift means the root word mili–; the suffix choices a and c. Arpan in choice b means
amint means the same as the English suffix “rasp,” so that rules out choice b. That leaves
–tant; the root word ufton– means occupy; choice d the only possible answer.
el means the suffix –ied of occupied; and 317. a. Gemo means fair; linea means warning; geri
alene means the suffix –tion. (Because ufton means report; mitu means card; and gila
means occupy, choices a, c, and d can be means weather. Thus, gemogila is the correct
easily ruled out.) choice.
312. a. Krekin means work; blaf means force; drita 318. d. Apta means first; ose means base; epta
means ground; and alti means place. Drita means second; larta means ball; and buk means
means ground, so that rules out choices b and park. Thus, oselarta means baseball.
d. Choice c isn’t correct because blaf means 319. c. In this language, the root word taga, which
force. That leaves choice a as the only means care, follows the affix (relf, o–, or fer–).
possible answer. Therefore, in the word aftercare, the root word
313. d. Pleka means fruit; paki means cake; shillen and the affix would be reversed in the artificial
means walk; treft means butter; and alan language. The only choice, then, is tagazen,
means cup. Therefore, alanpaki means because tagafer would mean less care.
cupcake. 320. a. Malga means peach; uper means cobbler;
314. b. Pesl means basketball; ligen means court; port means juice; mogga means apple; and
strisi means room; olta means placement; and grop means jelly. Therefore, moggaport means
ganti means test. Because strisi means room, it apple juice.
must be present in the answer, so that rules out
choice c. Choices a and d are incorrect because
pesl means basketball and olta means place-
ment. That leaves choice b as the only possible
answer.

121
 ANSWERS

} Set 20 (Page 48) 328. b. After getting some good news, Jeremy and a
few friends casually get together for a drink
321. b. Valerie signed a legally binding document after work, thereby having an informal gather-
that requires her to pay a monthly rent for her ing. Choices a and c describe more formal types
apart- ment and she has failed to do this for the of gatherings. Choice d describes a chance or
last three months. Therefore, she has violated coincidental kind of meeting.
her apartment lease. 329. a. The fact that Jared is in scoring position due
322. a. Jake damaged Leslie’s camera while it was in to his blooper indicates that he has hit the ball
his possession and he has agreed to and is now a base runner; therefore, he has
compensate Leslie for the cost of the repair. legally completed his time at bat. Choices b
323. d. This is the only situation in which someone and c both describe situations in which a strike
makes an assumption that is not based on con- is called, but they do not state that the batter
clusive evidence. Choices a and c reflect situa- has been put out or that he is now a base
tions in which assumptions are made based on runner. Choice d describes a situation in which
evidence. In choice b, Mary is not assuming the bat- ter, Mario, is still at the plate waiting
anything to be true. She is simply wishing that for the next pitch.
she’d made a different decision. 330. c. Although choices a and c both describe sus-
324. d. Choices a, b, and c do not describe situations pensions, only choice c describes a suspension
in which a product is guaranteed. Only choice d that is the result of one of the two scenarios
reflects a situation in which a seller attests to given in the definition of a five-day suspension
the quality of a product by giving the buyer a (physical assault or destructing or defacing
promise or assurance about its quality. school property). Therefore, we can assume
325. c. Malcolm is the only person returning to a that Franny’s suspension, which is the result of
social system that he has been away from for spray painting school property, will be a five-
an extended period of time. day suspension. Since the definition doesn’t
326. b. The realtor is using a clear exaggeration provide any information about suspensions for
when she states that a house which is eleven cheating, we can assume that Lillian’s suspen-
blocks away from the ocean is prime sion does not fall into the five-day suspension
waterfront property. category.
327. c. Although the ski instructors at Top of the 331. d. This is the only choice that indicates that an
Peak Ski School do work seasonally, choice a additional period of play is taking place to
does not describe anyone applying for seasonal determine the winner of a game that ended in
employment. In choice b, the statement that a tie.
Matthew likes to work outdoors tells us noth- 332. b. Simone’s mother has taken legal steps to
ing about seasonal employment or someone allow another person to act on her behalf.
applying for it. And although choice d describes Therefore, this is the only choice that indicates
a business with seasonal hours, it does not that a power of attorney has been established.
describe a person applying for seasonal work. 333. d. Jeffrey’s recent behavior is clearly
Choice c, on the other hand, very specifically inconsistent and irregular.
depicts a person, Lucinda, who is applying for a
job as a summer waitress at a beach resort,
which is dependent upon a particular season of
the year.

122
 ANSWERS

334. a. Although choice d also mentions a writer

who has died, it does not state that one of the
writer’s books was published after her death,
only that she received an award. Choice a
states that Richard wasn’t around to see the
early reviews of his novel, therefore implying
that Richard died before the book was
published. The other two options depict
living writers.

123
 ANSWERS

} Set 21 (Page 52) to be around. This is the only option that

meets both of Mark’s requirements.
335. b. Seeing four girls surrounding another girl, 340. c. This is the only option that would encourage
while in possession of her backpack, is the people to think of the bakery as a shop they
most suspicious of the incidents described. would visit regularly and not just on special
336. b. The situation described indicates that Dr. occasions.
Miller’s practice presents some specific chal- 341. a. The four women seem to agree that the
lenges, namely that it is a busy environment plate starts out with the letter J. Three of them
with a child clientele. There is also some indi- agree that the plate ends with 12L. Three of
cation that even highly recommended, experi- them think that the second letter is X, and a
enced hygienists might not be cut out for Dr. different three think that the third letter is K.
Miller’s office. There is nothing to suggest that The plate description that has all of these
Marilyn (choice a) or James (choice c) would be common ele- ments is a.
a good fit for Dr. Miller’s practice. Kathy (choice 342. a. All of the men agree that the first three
d) has experience and she is also interested in numbers are 995. Three of them agree that the
working with children. However, the fact that fourth number is 9. Three agree that the fifth
she hopes to become a preschool teacher in number is
the not-too- distant future indicates that she 2. Three agree that the sixth number is 6;
might not be the kind of committed, long-term three others agree that the seventh number is
employee that Dr. Miller needs. Lindy (choice also 6. Choice a is the best choice because it is
b), with her hands-on experience working with made up of the numbers that most of the men
children as well as a degree from a prestigious agree they saw.
dental hygiene program, is the most attractive 343. d. Step 4 clearly states that the human
candidate for the position based on the situa- resources representative should issue the new
tion described. employee a temporary identification card.
337. c. The Treehouse Collection is the only package 344. c. Step 2 of the guidelines states that the
that can thrive in shady locations. Choice a realtor should get background information
requires a Northeastern climate. Choices b and about the client’s current living circumstances.
d require bright sunlight. Ms. Russo failed to do this.
338. d. Since Eileen’s husband does not enjoy fancy 345. b. Actresses #2 and #3 possess most of the
restaurants, choices a and c can be ruled out. required traits. They both have red hair and
Choice b, although casual, doesn’t sound as brown eyes, are average-sized, and are in their
though it would be the kind of special and forties. Actress #1 is very tall and is only in her
memorable evening that Eileen is looking for. mid-twenties. She also has an olive complexion.
Choice d, which is owned by a former baseball Actress #4 is of very slight build and is in her
star and is described as “charming” and “rem- early thirties. She also has blue eyes.
iniscent of a baseball clubhouse,” sounds 346. c. The solicitor described as #2 has a shaved
perfect for Eileen’s husband, who is described head and is much taller and heavier than the
as a base- ball fan and a man with simple solici- tors described as #1 and #3. Therefore,
tastes. choices a and d, which include #2, can be ruled
339. b. This option is both near the center of town out. Solicitors #1, #3, and #4 have such similar
and in a location (near a school and an ice descriptions that the correct answer is clearly
cream store) wherechildren and their parents choice c.
are sure

124
 ANSWERS

} Set 22 (Page 57) 352. d. The first sentence makes this statement
true. There is no support for choice a. The
347. c. Since Erin’s parents think a dog would not be passage tells us that the spa vacation is more
happy in an apartment, we can reasonably con- expensive than the island beach resort
clude that the family lives in an apartment. We vacation, but that doesn’t necessarily mean
do not know if Erin’s parents dislike dogs that the spa is over- priced; therefore, choice b
(choice a) or if Erin dislikes birds (choice b). cannot be supported. And even though the
There is no support for choice d. paragraph says that the couple was relieved
348. d. It is reasonable to conclude that Mike likes to find a room on short notice, there is no
singing and dancing because he looks forward information to support choice c, which says
to doing these things at music camp. There is that it is usually necessary to book at the spa
no information that supports any of the other at least six months in advance.
three choices. 353. b. Since the seahorse populations have declined
349. c. Given the information presented, the only as a result of fishing, their populations will
statement that could be considered true is that increase if seahorse fishing is banned. There is
the fruit should not be eaten because it is poi- no support for any of the other choices.
sonous. There is no support that taxol is poi- 354. a. The fact that Vincent and Thomas live on the
sonous or that taxol has cured anyone (choices same street indicates that they live in the same
a and b). There is no support for choice d. neighborhood. There is no support for any of
350. a. Because Mr. Sanchez spends many hours the other choices.
dur- ing the weekend working in his vegetable 355. d. If Georgia is older than Marsha and Bart is
gar- den, it is reasonable to suggest that he older than Georgia, then Marsha has to be the
enjoys this work. There is no information to youngest of the three. Choice b is clearly wrong
suggest that he does not like classical music. because Bart is the oldest. There is no infor-
Although Mrs. Sanchez likes to cook, there is mation in the paragraph to support either
nothing that indicates she cooks vegetables choice a or choice c.
(choice c). Mrs. Sanchez likes to read, but 356. c. If there were seven shows left and five were
there is no infor- mation regarding the types of sitcoms, this means that only two of the shows
books she reads (choice d). could possibly be dramas. Choices a and b may
351. b. The passage tells us that Tim’s commute be true, but there is no evidence to indicate
didn't bother him because he was always able this as fact. The fact that all of the sitcoms
to sit down and comfortably read or do remained does not necessarily mean that view-
paperwork. Therefore, it is reasonable to ers prefer sitcoms (choice d).
assume that Tim’s commute has become less 357. c. Since the paragraph states that Marlee is the
comfortable since the schedule change, younger cousin, Sara must be older than
because it is very crowded and he can no Marlee. There is no information to support the
longer find a seat. There is no information given other choices.
that supports choices a, c, and d.

125
 ANSWERS

} Set 23 (Page 60) 364. a. According to the first two statements, Fido
weighs the most and Boomer weighs the least.
358. b. Because the first two statements are true, Eric 365. c. Although all of the trees in the park are flow-
is the youngest of the three, so the third ering trees, it cannot be determined by the
statement must be false. information given whether all dogwoods are
359. c. Because the first two sentences are true, flowering trees.
both Josh and Darren saw more movies than 366. a. Since the Gaslight Commons costs more than
Stephen. However, it is uncertain as to the Riverdale Manor and the Livingston Gate
whether Darren saw moremovies than Josh. costs more than the Gaslight Commons, it is
360. c. The first two statements give information true that the Livingston Gate costs the most.
about Zoe’s tulips and pansies. Information 367. a. From the first two statements, you know
about any other kinds of flowers cannot be that the Kingston Mall has the most stores, so
determined. the Kingston Mall would have more stores than
361. a. Because the first two statements are true, the Four Corners Mall.
rasp- berries are the most expensive of the 368. b. We know from the first two statements that
three. Lily runs fastest. Therefore, the third statement
362. a. If no wall-to-wall carpeting is pink and all the must be false.
offices have wall-to-wall carpeting, none of the
offices has pink wall-to-wall carpeting.
363. b. From the first two statements, we know that
of the three classes, Class A has the highest
enroll- ment, so the third statement must be
false.
126
 ANSWERS

} Set 24 (Page 62) 374. b. Because the first two statements are true,
Rebecca’s house is also northeast of the Shop
369. a. From the first statement, we know that bran and Save Grocery, which means that the third
cereal has more fiber than both oat cereal and statement is false.
corn cereal. From the second statement, we 375. a. Joe is younger than Kathy and older than Mark,
know that rice cereal has less fiber than both so Mark must be younger than K athy.
corn and wheat cereals. Therefore, rice cereal 376. c. We know only that long-tailed Gangles have
has the least amount of fiber. spots. We cannot know for certain if long-tailed
370. c. We only know that Jasmine weighs more Gangles also have short hair.
than Jason. There is no way to tell whether 377. c. The first two statements indicate that
Jasmine also weighs more than Jenna. Battery Y lasts the least amount of time, but it
371. c. We know from the first two statements that cannot be determined if Battery Z lasts longer
Tuesday had the highest temperature, but we than Battery X.
cannot know whether Monday’s temperature 378. b. Given the information in the first two state-
was higher than Tuesday’s. ments, Bryant is sitting in front of both Jerome
372. b. Spot is bigger than King, and Ralph is bigger and Martina, so the third statement must be
than Spot. Therefore, King must be smaller false.
than Ralph. 379. b. Because the first two statements are true,
373. a. There are fewer oranges than either apples Pen- field is west of Centerville and southwest
or lemons, so the statement is true. of Middletown. Therefore, the third statement
is false.

127
 ANSWERS

} Set 25 (Page 64) 385. b. The first two statements indicate there are
more yellow jelly beans than red and green.
380. c. Both the car and the train are quicker than 386. c. Cloudy days are the most windy, but there is
the bus, but there is no way to make a not enough information to compare the wind
comparison between the train and the car. on the foggy days with the wind on the sunny
381. a. We know that there are Signots with buttons, days.
or Lamels, and that there are yellow Signots, 387. a. Of the three, the drugstore has the best
which have no buttons. Therefore, Lamels do selection of postcards.
not have buttons and cannot be yellow. 388. b. This is the order of the cars from left to right:
382. a. The market is one block west of the hotel. T minivan, pickup, sedan, sport utility vehicle.
he drugstore is two blocks west of the hotel, so 389. a. To the extent that a toothpick is useful, it has
the drugstoreis west of the market. value.
383. c. There is not enough information to verify the
third statement.
384. b. Rulers are the most expensive item.

128
 ANSWERS

} Set 26 (Page 66) 396. a. Since Maui is an island and islands are sur-
rounded by water, Maui must be surrounded
390. a. Since one-half of the four children are girls, by water. There is not enough information to
two must be boys. It is not clear which children sup- port statements II and III.
have blue or brown eyes. 397. c. If all drink mixes are beverages and some
391. d. All baseball caps have brims, since baseball bev- erages are red, then some drink mixes are
caps are hats (Fact 3) and all hats have brims red (statement I). Since all beverages are
(Fact 1). This rules out statement III—but it drinkable and all drink mixes are beverages,
doesn’t follow that all caps, a category that then all red drink mixes must be drinkable
may include caps that are not baseball caps, (statement III). Statement II can be ruled out.
have brims (statement I). Statement II cannot 398. d. There is no information in the facts to
be confirmed, either, since it is possible, given support statements I or II. Statement III is
the information, that all baseball caps are clearly wrong because, according to Fact 1, no
black. frames cost less than $35.
392. b. The first statement cannot be true because 399. b. Since some pens don’t write, some writing
only female birds lay eggs. Statement II is true utensils don’t write (statement I). Since there
because hens are chickens and chickens are are blue pens and since pens are writing uten-
birds. Statement III is also true because if only sils, some writing utensils are blue (statement
some chickens are hens, then some must not II). There is not enough information to support
be hens. statement III.
393. d. None of the three statements is supported 400. c. If Mary always tells the truth, then both Ann
by the known facts. and Mary have cats (statements I and II), and
394. c. Statements I and II are not supported by the Ann is lying (statement III).
facts. Statement III is true because if all story- 401. b. Statement II is the only true statement. Since
books have pictures and only some have all dogs like to run, then the ones who like to
words, then some storybooks have both words swim also like to run. There is no support for
and pictures. state- ment I or statement III.
395. d. There is not enough information to support
any of the statements. Robert is known to have
a minvan, but it is not known which of his vehi-
cles is red. Robert may have a pickup or sport
utility vehicle, so the second statement cannot
be supported. There is no way to know if
Robert’s favoritecolor is red (statement III).

129
 ANSWERS

} Set 27 (Page 69) 408. b. Tall, thin, and middle-aged are the elements
of the description repeated most often and
402. d. After all the switches were made, Max is are therefore the most likely to be accurate.
directly behind the dog, James is alongside 409. b. Beth won the biggest prize, described as a
the dog on the left, Ruby is alongside the dog higher medal than Jamie’s, which we’ve been
on the right, and Rachel is behind Max. told was a silver medal. Roberta and Michele
403. b. Nurse Kemp has worked more shifts in a row both won bronze medals, which are lower rank-
than Nurse Calvin; therefore, Kemp has worked ing medals than silver. Beth is also described as
more than eight shifts. The number of Kemp’s having competed more times than Roberta—
shifts plus the number of Rogers’s shifts (five) who has competed seven times. Jamie is
cannot equal fifteen or more, the number of described as having competed fewer times than
Miller’s shifts. Therefore, Kemp has worked Roberta, and Michele has competed three
nine shifts in a row (5 + 9 = 14). times. Therefore, Beth has competed more
404. c. If Randy is two months older than Greg, then times than the others and has won the biggest
Ned is three months older than Greg and one prize to date.
month older than Randy. Kent is younger than 410. c. After all the switching was done, Jenkins was
both Randy and Ned. Ned is the oldest. directly behind the receiver. Calvin and Burton
405. c. After all the switches were made, Shawn is in had fallen. Zeller remained in the rear.
front of the house. Ross is in the alley behind 411. d. Alexis is farther away than Frances, who is
the house, Michael is on the north side, and Jed five miles away, and closer than Samantha,
is on the south. who is seven miles away.
406. d. After all the switches were made, Mr. Kirk 412. a. Baxter should be assigned to study with
worked on Tuesday. Mr. Carter worked on Carter. Baxter cannot be assigned with Adam,
Monday, Ms. Johnson on Wednesday, and Ms. because they have already been together for
Falk on Thursday. seven class periods. If Baxter is assigned to
407. a. Mr. Temple has the most seniority, but he work with Den- nis, that would leave Adam
does not want the job. Next in line is Mr. with Carter, but Carter does not want to work
Rhodes, who has more seniority than Ms. West with Adam.
or Ms. Brody. 413. a. If George is sitting at Henry’s left, George’s seat
is 252. The next seat to the left, then, is 251.

130
 ANSWERS

} Set 28 (Page 72) 421. e. Since Shout is doing the most business and
Trek the second most, they should remain in
414. d. The total of the three programs (2 million + the two largest theaters. Also, the theater
0.5 million + 3 million) is 5.5 million. That never shows a foreign film in the largest
leaves theater. The- aters 3 and 4 must show the
1.5 million (7 million – 5.5 million), and the movies that are rated G and PG, so the
only single program needing that amount is movies that are there must stay there. The
the senate office building remodeling. most logical choice is to put Mist in theater 5
415. b. The only two programs that total 1.5 million and Fly in theater 6.
dollars are the harbor improvements and 422. a. “Honey” and “Sittin’ on the Dock of the Bay”
school music program. areeither 3 and 4 or 4 and 3. The Rascals
416. a. The total cost of the school music program appear on the list right after Otis Redding,
and national radio is $1 million, the amount left who cannot be #3 (or he would be followed
after the international airport and agricultural by Bobby Goldsboro), so “Honey” is #3 and
subsidies are funded. “Sittin’ on the Dock of the Bay” is #4;
417. c. J will only work in episodes in which M is therefore, choices c and e are incorrect. The
work- ing and there are no restrictions on O’s Rascals are#5 (because they are right after
sched- ule. However, N will not work with K, so Otis Redding), and Cream appears right after
M must appear and O may appear. them, so choice d is incor- rect. Since Cream
418. d. K will not work with N, so choices c and e has song #6, it cannot be “Hey Jude,” so
are incorrect. M can only work every other choice b is incorrect.
week, so choice a is incorrect. Since M is not 423. d. In the previous question, it was determined
working, J will not work, so choice b is that #3 is “Honey,” #4 is “Sittin’ on the Dock
incorrect. of the Bay,” #5 is “People Got to Be Free,”
419. b. Only choice b contains no more than two R- and #6 is “Sunshine of Your Love.” Sincethe
rated movies (Shout and Mist), at least one G #1 song is not “Love Is Blue,” #1 is “Hey
and one PG (Fly, Abra Cadabra, and Jealousy), Jude,” and #2 is “Love Is Blue.”
and only one foreign film (Mist).
420. c. The first showing of Trek will be over at
10:00. Then, the employees will need 20
minutes to clean the theater, which is 10:20.
Since the movies always start on the quarter
hour, the second showing of Trek will be 10:30.

131
 ANSWERS

} Set 29 (Page 76) 425. e. Ulysses cannot be a doctor, because that is

Rachel. Quentin is an accountant, Thomas
Here’s a quick illustration of how to work “logic must be a photographer, and Sarah is a florist.
game” puzzles, using the situation in questions 424 That leaves chef for Ulysses. We also know the
and 425 as an example. chef must be a man, because neither of the
First, read the paragraph. Then, construct a women is dressed as a spoon.
dia- gram or table like the one below. Write down the 426. d. The person who ordered the vegetable
letters that represent the names of the people at the burger cannot be sitting in chairs 1 or 6,
party. Next, add any other information that is given. because she is sitting between two people. She
You know that Quentin is an accountant and Sarah also cannot be sitting in chairs 3 or 4, because
is a florist; you know which objects represent their those customers did not order sandwiches.
type of work. You also know that Thomas is dressed Since she is not sit- ting in chair 2, she must be
as a cam- era, so he must be the photographer. in chair 5.
427. c. The customer who ordered soup must be in
Q accountant pencil
chair 3 or 4, where the non-sandwich orders
go. The other non-sandwich order is fried eggs,
R and that person is sitting next to the customer
S florist flower in chair 5 (who ordered the vegetable burger),
so the fried eggs go to chair 4 and the soup to
T photographer camera chair 3.
U 428. b. The orders that go to chairs 3, 4, 5, and 6 are
already determined, so the ham sandwich must
go to chair 1 or 2. The customer who ordered
Since none of the men is a doctor, Rachel must
the hamburger is not sitting next to the person
be the doctor. That leaves Ulysses, who must be the
who ordered the soup in chair 3, so the ham-
chef. Once you’ve filled in your diagram and made
burger must go to chair 1 and the ham sand-
the deductions, answering the questions is the easy
wich to chair 2.
part.
429. a. The person who ordered potato salad cannot
be in chair 1 or 6, since he is sitting between
Q accountant pencil two people. The person who ordered fried eggs
ordered hash browns and is sitting in chair 4.
R doctor thermometer
The person who ordered potato salad is on one
S florist flower side of chair 4, either 3 or 5. He cannot be in
chair 5 and still be next to both the hash
T photographer camera
browns and the cole slaw, so he must be in
U chef spoon chair 3, which is where the soup was ordered.
430. c. If the potato salad is with the soup and the
424. b. See the table above. The thermometer cos-
hash browns are with the fried eggs, then the
tume logically would be worn by the doctor.
cole slaw must be with the ham sandwich, in
According to the information, none of the
chairs 2, 3, and 4. The lettuce salad is with the
men is a doctor. Also, Sarah is a florist, so
vegetable burger in chair 5. The onion rings
Rachel must be the doctor wearing the ther-
belong to the cheeseburger in chair 6, leaving
mometer costume.
the french fries for the hamburger in chair 1.

132
 ANSWERS

431. a. The vice president’s car cannot be red, 433. e. Cheryl cannot be the secretary, since she’s
because that is the CEO’s car, which is in the the CEO, nor can Enid, because she drives a
first space. Nor can it be purple, because that green car, and the secretary drives a yellow
is the trea- surer’s car, which is in the last car. David’s, the purple car, is in the last
space, or yellow, because that is the space. Alice is the secretary, because her car
secretary’s. The president’s car must be blue, is parked next to David’s, which is where the
because it is parked between a red car (in the secretary’s car is parked.
first space) and a green car, which must be
the vicepresident’s.
432. c. The CEO drives a red car and parks in the
first space. Enid drives a green car; Bert’s car
is not in the first space; David’s is not in the
first space, but the last. Alice’s car is parked
next to David’s, so Cheryl is the CEO.

133
 ANSWERS

} Set 30 (Page 79) 439. e. The only flowers unassigned are iris and
daisies. Liz is allergic to daisies, so she is getting
434. d. The Whippets cannot be in Jersey, Hudson, the iris.
or Fulton, since they have beaten those teams. 440. e. The city that got the least rain is in the
The Antelopes are in Groton, so the Whippets desert. New Town is in the mountains. Last
are in Ivy. Stand got more rain than Olliopolis, so it
435. e. The Panthers cannot be in Ivy or Groton, cannot be the city with the least rain; also, Mile
because the Whippets and Antelopes are City cannot be the city with the least rain.
there. Fulton has beaten the Panthers, so they Olliopolis got 44 inches of rain. Therefore,
cannot be in Fulton. Fulton has also beaten the Polberg is in the desert and got 12 inches of
Kan- garoos, so the only town left for the rain.
Kangaroos is Jersey. That leaves Hudson for the 441. a. Olliopolis got 44 inches of rain. Last Stand
Panthers. got more rain than that, so it got 65 inches,
436. b. Every team and town is matched up, except which is the most.
Fulton and the Gazelles, so the Gazelles must be 442. b. Olliopolis got 44 inches of rain, Last Stand
in Fulton. got 65, and Polberg got 12. New Town is in the
437. a. Kevin is allergic to daisies and iris; he’s not mountains, and the city in the mountains got
get- ting gladioli because it’s not his 32 inches of rain. Therefore, Mile City got 27.
housewarming. The roses are going to Jenny, 443. c. Olliopolis got 44 inches of rain, so it is not in
leaving the car- nations for Kevin. the desert or the forest. The city in the moun-
438. d. Jenny is getting roses and Kevin is getting tains got 32 inches of rain; the coast 27. There-
car- nations. Neither Liz nor Inez would be fore, Olliopolis is in a valley.
getting a housewarming present. Michael is
getting gladioli.

134
 ANSWERS

} Set 31 (Page 81) 449. c. Dusting must be done on Tuesday, Wednes-

day, or Thursday. However, the mopping is
444. d. The moderator sits in seat #3. It cannot, done on Thursday, and Terry does his task on
then, be Gary or Jarrod or Lane, who sit next to Wednesday. Therefore, Sally does the dusting
the moderator. Heloise is not the moderator; on Tuesday.
there- fore, the moderator is Kate. 450. d. Terry does not dust, mop, do laundry, or vac-
445. a. Jarrod cannot sit in seat #3 because he is not uum. Therefore, Terry does the sweeping on
the moderator. Nor can he sit in seat #2 or #4, Wednesday.
because he does not sit next to the moderator. 451. b. Dusting is on Tuesday, sweeping is on
Heloise cannot sit on an end, nor in seat #3 or Wednes- day, mopping is on Thursday, and
#4, so she is in seat #2, between the moderator laundry is on Friday. Therefore, the vacuuming
(Kate) and Jarrod, who must be in seat #1. is done on Monday.
446. e. Jarrod sits in seat #1 and is not the 452. e. Vernon does not vacuum, dust, or sweep.
moderator; nor is he the pilot or the attorney. Randy does the vacuuming, Sally does the dust-
The attorney sits in seat #4 and cannot sit next ing, Terry does the sweeping—leaving laundry
to the explorer. Therefore, the pilot, Lane, is in and mopping for Uma and Vernon. Uma does
seat #5, and the explorer must bein seat#1, not do laundry; therefore, she must mop, and
Jarrod’s seat. Vernon does the laundry.
447. b. Jarrod is the explorer, Lane is the pilot, Kate 453. d. Uma does the mopping, which is done on
is the moderator, and Gary is the attorney. Thursday.
Heloise must be the writer.
448. d. Zinnia plants tomatoes each year, so choice e
is incorrect. Each year, she plants either carrots
or cabbage, but not both. She will plant
cabbage in the second year, so she will plant
carrots in the first. She never plants carrots and
peppers together, so the first year is tomatoes,
carrots, beans and the second is tomatoes,
cabbage, peppers.

135
 ANSWERS

} Set 32 (Page 83) 458. a. The paragraph clearly states that there are
two differing opinions with regard to the use
454. d. By stating that fitness walking does not of cal- culators in the classroom. Although
require a commute to a health club, the author some peo- ple may believe that choice b is
stresses the convenience of this form of true, the paragraph does not indicate this.
exercise. The paragraph also states that Choice c has no relation to the paragraph.
fitness walking will result in a good workout. Choice d makes logical sense, but the
Choice a is incorrect because no comparison paragraph says nothing about cost. Choice e
to weight lifting is made. Choice b may seem is an opinion that is not given in the
like a logical answer, but the paragraph only paragraph.
refers to people who are fitness walkers, so 459. e. This is clearly the best answer because the
for others, a health club might be a good para- graph directly states that warm weather
investment. Choice c is not in the passage. affects consumers’ inclination to spend. It
Although choice e seems logical, the furthers states that the sales of single-family
paragraph does not indicate that the wrong homes was at an all-time high. There is no
shoes will produce major injuries. support for choice a or c. Choice b is wrong
455. e. This answer is implied by the statement that because even though there were high sales
redistribution is needed so that people in for a particular February, this does not mean
emerging nations can haveproper medical care. that sales are not higher in other months.
Choices a, b, and c are not mentioned in the Choice d presents a misleading figure of 4
passage. Choice d is also incorrect—the million. The paragraph states that the record
passage indicates that the distribution of of 4.75 million was at an annual, not a
medicine, not its production, is inadequate. monthly, rate.
456. b. This answer is clearly stated in the first sen- 460. b. The last sentence in the paragraph clearly
tence of the paragraph. There is no support gives support for the idea that the interest in
in the passage for choices a, d, or e. As for Shake- speare is due to the development of
choice c, although mediation is mentioned, his charac- ters. Choice a is incorrect because
the state- ment does not indicate that the writer never makes this type of
victims should be the mediators. comparison. Choice c is wrong because even
457. c. This choice is supported as the best answer though scholars are mentioned in the
because the paragraph indicates that low-fat paragraph, there is no indi- cation that the
ice cream was once an unpopular item, but scholars are compiling the anthology. Choice
now, because consumers are more health d is wrong because there is no support to
con- scious and because there is a wider show that most New Yorkers are interested in
array of tasty low-fat foods, low-fat ice cream this work. There is no support for choice e
is a prof- itable item for ice cream store either.
owners. There is no indication that choices a,
b, d, or e are true based on the information
given.

136
 ANSWERS

461. c. A change in employee social values over the 463. e. The support for choice e is in the third
past ten years is implied in the whole para- sentence “. . . we should make school
graph, but particularly in the first sentence. uniforms manda- tory.” There is no evidence
Choice a is incorrect because the loyalty of provided to sup- port choices a, b, and d. And
the managers to their corporations is never although we know that teachers and
dis- cussed. There is no support for choice b. administrators are spending some of their
In choice d, perhaps career advancement is time enforcing dress code, the paragraph
less important than it once was, but the does not quantify how much of their time is
paragraph does not indicate that spent that way, so there is no support for
advancement is unim- portant to managers. choice c.
Choice e is an opinion that is not supported.
462. b. The support for choice b is given in the
second sentence of the paragraph. Generation
Xers like to work independently, which
means they are self-directed. No support is
given for either choice a or choice c. Choice
d is not related to the paragraph. Although
the paragraph men- tions that Generation
Xers like to be challenged, it does not say they
like to challenge their bosses’ attitudes;
therefore, choice e can be ruled out.

137
 ANSWERS

} Set 33 (Page 86) ing math is dangerous. Words are not men-
tioned in the passage, which rules out choice
464. d. This answer is implied by the whole b. Choice d is a contradiction to the
paragraph. The author stresses the need to information in the passage. There is no
read critically by performing thoughtful and support for choice c.
careful operations on the text. Choice a is 469. d. The last sentence states that new
incorrect because the author never says that technologies are reported daily, and this
reading is dull. Choices b, c, and e are not implies that new technologies are being
supported by the paragraph. constantly developed. Thereis no support for
465. a. The support for this choice is in the second choice a. With regard to choice b, stone tools
sentence, which states that in some countries, were first used two and a half million years
toxic insecticides are still legal. Choice b is ago, but they were not nec- essarily in use all
incorrect because even though polar regions that time. Choice c is clearly wrong since the
are mentioned in the paragraph, there is no paragraph states when stone tools first came
support for the idea that warmer regions are into use. Although some may agree that
not just as affected. There is no support for choice e is true, the author of the paragraph
choice c. Choice d can be ruled out because does not give support for this opinion.
there is nothing to indicate that DD T and 470. a. The support for this choice is in the last sen-
toxaphene are the most toxic. Choice e is tence, which states that major public health
illogical. campaigns that increase awareness and pro-
466. a. The second and third sentence combine to pose lifestyle changes are important in our
give support to choice a. The statement fight against obesity. Choice b can be ruled
stresses that there must be a judge’s approval out because although the paragraph states that
(i.e., legal authorization) before a search can be obe- sity can lead to diabetes, it doesn’t tell us
con- ducted. Choices b and d are wrong that it is the leading cause of this disease.
because it is not enough for the police to have Choices c and e might sound reasonable and
direct evi- dence or a reasonable belief—a true, but they are not supported in the
judge must authorize the search for it to be paragraph. And although we are told that
legal. Choices c and e are not mentioned in the obesity has been con- nected to asthma, this
passage. fact is not quantified in any way, so choice d
467. e. The paragraph focuses on the idea that the is also not supported by the information given.
jury system is different from what it was in 471. b. This answer is clearly supported in the
colonial times. There is no support given for second sentence. Nothing in the paragraph
choices a, b, and c. Choice d is incorrect suggests that it is a crime not to givea
because, even though jurors in colonial times Miranda warning, so choice a is incorrect.
were expected to investigate and ask Choice c is also wrong because police may
questions, this does not necessarily mean that interrogate as long as a warning is given.
they were more informed than today’s jurors. There is no support given for either choice d
468. e. This answer is clearly stated in the last or e.
sentence of the paragraph. Choice a can be
ruled out becausethere is no support to show
thatstudy-
138
 ANSWERS

472. c. The last sentence gives direct support for 473. b. The second sentence points out that people
this response. Although children might be should examine what they want from a
better protected from the sun than adults, fitness routine before signing up for a new
the para- graph does not specifically cite exercise class. There is no evidence to
statistics about children, so we can’t know support choice a. Choice c might sound
for sure, ruling out choice a. There is no reasonable due to the fact that the paragraph
evidence provided in the paragraph to tells us that yoga has become very popular,
support choices b and d. Choice e is incorrect but this statement is not sup- ported by the
since the last sentence tells us that warnings information provided in the paragraph.
about the sun’s dangers arefrequent. Choices d and e are also not sup- ported
since the paragraph doesn’t tell us whether
yoga is good for both body and mind or what
people think about it.

139
 ANSWERS

} Set 34 (Page 90) 479. c. The fact that the Pyramid scheme is set up
by a con artist suggests that the honest people
474. d. The final sentence of the paragraph who invest have been fooled. Choices a and
supports choice d. The other choices are not b are contradicted in the passage. The
supported by the passage. Choice c may paragraph says that the Pyramid scheme
seem correct at first, but the paragraph originated in the 1920s, but does not say it
states that the new ini- tiatives are simple had its heyday then; thus, choice d is
and inexpensive, not major. Choice e might incorrect. Choice e is a fact, but it is not
seem to represent a truth, but vegetarian mentioned in the passage.
options are not discussed in this paragraph. 480. a. This is expressed in the first sentence.
475. d. The author of this statement suggests that Choices b, d, and e are not supported by the
doc- tors are less independent. The author passage. Choice c is incorrect because the
stresses that many doctors have lost paragraph states that some Reality TV stars
authority. There is no support for the opinion manage to parlay their fifteen minutes of
that doctors resent the healthcare managers, fame into celebrity.
however—which rules out choice a. The 481. c. The statement that it is difficult to create an
doctors’ training is never mentioned (choice accurate profile of a contemporary knitter
b). Doctors may care about their patients comes immediately after a discussion about
(choice c), but this information is not part of how different today’s knitters are from one
the paragraph. Choice e is not mentioned. another and from knitters of the past.
476. e. The second sentence states that threading a Choices a and d are not supported by the
needle involves motor skill. The other paragraph. Although the paragraph does
choices are not in the paragraph. discuss knitting done in group settings, it
477. a. The paragraph states that Mars once had a does not specifically say that more of today’s
thick atmosphere, but that it was stripped knitting is done in groups; therefore, choice b
away. The other choices, true or not, cannot is incorrect. Young people may be turning to
be found in the passage. knitting in record numbers, but again, that
478. a. The last sentence provides direct support for statement is not ver- ified by the information
choice a. The author never suggests that any provided in the para- graph, so choice e must
trees should be cut down or thinned out, be ruled out as well.
which eliminates choices b and c. Choice d
contradicts the author’s opinion. The author
suggests that old growth forests have less
debris, which rules out choice e.

140
 ANSWERS

} Set 35 (Page 93) 485. c. If most people learn English within a short
period of time, making English the official
482. b. If it is more expensive to run a medical lan- guage is unnecessary.
practice in a large city than a small town, it 486. d. The speaker maintains that to burn a flag is
would make sense for doctors to charge more an act of freedom of speech, which is among
in large cities. Choices a, c, and e are the things the flag represents.
incorrect because the information in these 487. a. If an action is not included under freedom
statements is extraneous to the author’s of speech, the speaker’s main argument is
argument. Choice d is wrong because it incorrect.
supports, rather than refutes, the author’s 488. b. This is the best choice because it relates to a
argument. sit- uation where a proposed law would
483. e. The passage states that “doctors in large actually violate the part of the Constitution it
cities make more money than doctors in small is intended to protect.
towns or rural areas.” The speaker then
assumes that if doctors all charge the same,
they will all earn the same, but if doctors in
large cities see more patients, they will still
earn more money.
484. a. The argument is based on the idea that the
gov- ernment spends a great deal of money
trans- lating documents into different
languages. Choices b and e make the
argument somewhat weaker. Choice c offers
no support for the argu- ment. Choice d may
offer some support, but choice a makes the
argument much stronger.
141
 ANSWERS

} Set 36 (Page 95) 493. e. This evidence would back up the speaker’s
con- tention that young students should
489. a. Because the speaker is arguing that multiple learn the basics before learning computers.
guests should be allowed when fewer Choices a and d, which are both about cost,
members are present, the purpose of the rule would have no effect on the argument.
is to make sure members are not crowded by Choices b and c are too vague.
the presence of guests. There is no support 494. a. If computers enhance the learning of arith-
for choices b, c, or d. Choice e is attractive, metic and reading, the speaker’s argument is
but it is not the best choice because there is not as strong.
no way the club could control which 495. b. The speaker refers to the safety of children
members would be at the club at any one because most people are concerned about
time. that. The speaker does not make a
490. c. Joint pain caused by physical activity and comparison (choice a). Choice c can be ruled
that caused by arthritis may not respond the out because the speaker does not give a
same way to medication. specific number. Choices d and e are
491. e. This would indicate that the conditions of incorrect because the speaker doesn’t give
the football players and the speaker’s an account of any specific child, nor does he
mother are similar. or she use any method of attack.
492. c. The speaker uses analogies to compare 496. e. Since the speaker is basing the argument on
crawling with learning arithmetic and reading the safety of children, if there were only a
and to compare walking with using a few accidents and none involved children,
computer. The speaker is making the point the argument is weaker.
that, in both cases, a child needs to learn one
before learning the other.

142
 ANSWERS

} Set 37 (Page 97) 500. c. Quinn discusses the fairness of changing the
law and raising the age at which one can
497. b. Lars provides information that supports receive a driver’s license. Emotion (choice b)
Frances’s more general statements. Both may be involved, but the argument relies on
agree that schools should spend money on the fairness issue.
educating children, not on providing breakfast. 501. e. Dakota discusses the actualities of increased
Choices a, d, and e are incorrect because traffic and the decline in the teaching of driv-
they all imply that Frances and Lars are ers’ education. She doesn’t use statistics
arguing in opposition to each other. Choice c (choice a). Her argument is not emotion-
can be ruled out because Lars’s position does filled, which rules out choice b. She doesn’t
not give any outcomes. mention fairness (choice c) and doesn’t tell
498. d. Both speakers rely on the fact that schools stories about specific situations (choice d).
do not traditionally have the responsibility for
pro- viding students with breakfast.
499. d. The speakers support their arguments in dif-
ferent ways, but both are concerned with
whether sixteen-year-olds should continue
to be allowed to receive drivers’ licenses.

143