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 Chapter 5

Fuzzy Controller-Based MPPT of PV Power System

M. Venkateshkumar
Venkateshkumar

Additional information
Additional information is
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http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.80065

Abstract
The power demand has been increasing day by day due to population growth, new indus-
trial development, etc. Meeting power demand is one of the challenge factors for fossil
fuel-based power generation alone as well as the environmental issue of carbon footprint.
Consequently, there is a need to concentrate on alternate energy sources to meet the power
demand. In this chapter, the photovoltaic (PV) cell operation under various weather condi-
tions is analysed, and based on the performance, the MPPT controller is developed by using
fuzzy logic controller. The proposed system has been modelled in MATLAB environment,
and the system performance has been analysed. Finally, the simulation results are evaluated
and compared with IEEE 1547 standard for proving the effectiveness of the proposed system.

Keywords: MPPT, fuzzy, PV, MATLAB

1. Introduction

The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) plays a major role in photovoltaic (PV) power
system. The PV power generation changes with respect to sun light irradiance and tempera-
ture [1]. Nowadays, many researches develop different MPPT techniques for improving the
MPP in PV system. There are two major classifications such as indirect and direct MPPT
controllers [2]. The indirect MPPT techniques are used for offline analysis of PV system per-
formance, while the direct MPPT techniques are used to measure PV voltage and PV current
during online condition. In this chapter, the direct method has been developed by using fuzzy
logic controller to track the MPP of PV system [3]. This method is very robust and easy; mean-
while, no mathematical model is required for designing the controller. In this chapter, MPPT
algorithm has been tested with numerical simulation in MATLAB environment, and the PV
performance at constant and variable irradiance as well as temperature has been analysed [4].

© 2016 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons
© 2018 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative
Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use,
Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use,
distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
62 Fuzzy Logic Based in Optimization Methods and Control Systems and Its Applications

2. Mathematical modelling of PV system

The following mathematical models of electrical characteristics are considered to design

20 kW photovoltaic module and simulated using MATLAB environment:

2.1. Open-circuit voltage

The open-circuit voltage, VOC, is the extreme voltage offered from a PV cell, and this happens
at zero current. The open-circuit voltage links to the amount of forward bias on the PV cell
due to the bias of the PV cell junction with the light-generated current [5, 6]:

NKT IL − Io
V = __________
Q
in ____
Io
+ 1 Volt (1)

where V is the open-circuit voltage, N is diode ideality constant, K is the Boltzmann constant
(1.381*10^-23 J/K), T is temperature in Kelvin, Q is electron charge (1.602*10^-19 c), IL is the
light-generated current same as Iph (A), and Io is the saturation diode current (A).

2.2. Light-generated current (radiation)

G
I L = ___ ∗ I + α Isc(T c − T c ref))
G ref ( Lref
(2)

where G is the radiation (W/m2), Gref is the radiation under standard condition 1000 W/m2,
ILref is the photoelectric current under standard condition 0.15 A, TCref is module tempera-
ture under standard condition 298 K, αISC is the temperature coefficient of the short-circuit
current (A/K) = 0.0065/K, and IL is the light-generated current (radiation).

2.3. Reverse saturation current

I o = I or ∗ ( T⁄ T ) 3 exp (( KN )∗(T −T))

QE g 1 1
____ __ __
ref r (3)

Isc
I orn = ________
exp ( ⁄V ocn NV tn) (4)

where Io is the reverse saturated current, Ior is the saturation current, N is the ideality factor
1.5, and Eg is the band gap for silicon 1.10 eV.

2.4. Short-circuit current

Ish = IL. It is the extreme value of the current produced by a PV cell. It is formed by the short
circuit-situation: V = 0.

I sh = I L − I o((exp (Q NKT ) − 1)
V−IR s
_
) (5)
 Fuzzy Controller-Based MPPT of PV Power System 63
http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.80065

2.5. Irradiation

G = radiation W/m2 (Figures 1 and 2).

Figure 1. PV—Voltage vs. current characteristics.

Figure 2. PV—Power vs. voltage characteristics.

3. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for photovoltaic system

Renewable energy sources play an important role in meeting consumer power demand due to
their abundant availability and lesser impact on the environment [5]. The main hurdle in PV
energy expansion is the investment cost of the PV power system implementation. PV energy
generation is not constant throughout the day due to the changes in weather. The efficiency of
power generation is very low (the range of efficiency is only 9–17% in low irradiation regions).
Therefore, MPPT technologies have an important role in PV power generation for optimal
power generation at various weather conditions.

In this chapter, we have discussed and analysed fuzzy logic controller-based MPPT controller
for 20 kW PV system.

The proposed fuzzy-based MPPT block diagram is shown in Figure 3. Figure 4 presents
the structure of the fuzzy controller that has two inputs and one output. The fuzzy mem-
bership function has been designed by trapezoidal method for both input and output
membership values. The defuzzification of proposed fuzzy controller has been used for
centre of gravity. The MPPT fuzzy controller has two inputs such as PV voltage and PV
current shown in Figures 5 and 6, respectively. The MPPT fuzzy controller generates a
duty cycle based on input of fuzzy controller and is fed into boost converter shown in
Figure 7. Finally, the fuzzy interference rules are designed based on changes in PV voltage
64 Fuzzy Logic Based in Optimization Methods and Control Systems and Its Applications

Figure 3. PV—MPPT block diagram.

Figure 4. Fuzzy controller structure for MPPT of PV system.

Figure 5. Fuzzy input membership function (voltage) for MPPT of PV system.

Figure 6. Fuzzy input membership function (current) for MPPT of PV system.

 Fuzzy Controller-Based MPPT of PV Power System 65
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Figure 7. Fuzzy output membership function (duty cycle) for MPPT of PV system.

Figure 8. Fuzzy rules for MPPT of PV system.

Figure 9. Fuzzy surface structure for MPPT of PV system.

66 Fuzzy Logic Based in Optimization Methods and Control Systems and Its Applications

Figure 10. Fuzzy simulation model for MPPT of PV system.

and current under various weather conditions as shown in Figure 8, and then the surface
view of fuzzy rules is presented in Figure 9. The above designed fuzzy controller has been
implemented in MATLAB simulation of 20 kW PV system and its boost converter as shown
in Figure 10.

4. MPPT results and discussion

The developed fuzzy logic controller has been tested and simulated in MATLAB environ-
ment, and the fuzzy controller performance under various weather conditions such as vari-
able irradiance (1000, 750, 500 and 250 W/m2) and temperature (20, 25, 30, 32 and 35°C) was
analysed. The simulated results are analysed in the above conditions. Figure 11 represented
PV boost converter output voltage at various irradiance. Figure 12 represented PV boost

Figure 11. Fuzzy-based 20 kW PV system output voltage at various irradiance.

 Fuzzy Controller-Based MPPT of PV Power System 67
http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.80065

Figure 12. Fuzzy-based 20 kW PV system output current at various irradiance.

Figure 13. Fuzzy-based 20 kW PV system output power at various irradiance.

Figure 14. Duty cycle generation at various weather conditions.

converter output current at various irradiance. Figure 13 represented PV boost converter out-
put power at various irradiance. The fuzzy controller output signal of boost converter duty
cycle is analysed at various weather conditions shown in Figure 14. The proposed MPPT
system has been analysed in two different cases such as Case 1 (constant temperature and
68 Fuzzy Logic Based in Optimization Methods and Control Systems and Its Applications

Figure 15. Analysis of the PV system performance at constant temperature.

Figure 16. Analysis of the PV system performance at constant irradiance.

variable irradiance shown in Figure 15) and Case 2 (constant irradiance and variable tempera-
ture shown in Figure 16).

5. Conclusion

This paper deals with grid integration of PV power system with intelligent controller-
based energy management to improve the power quality. The above objectives are
achieved by modelling of mathematical design of PV system and simulating PV system
 Fuzzy Controller-Based MPPT of PV Power System 69
http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.80065

at various weather conditions with fuzzy-based MPPT system. The fuzzy-based energy
management system is developed and tested under various power demands, and then
operation of battery charging and discharging is analysed. Finally, the proposed objective
of grid integration of PV system is simulated in MATLAB, and system performance under
various operating conditions is analysed. The improvement of power quality simulation
results is compared with 1547 standard and proves the effectiveness of the proposed
system.

Author details

M. Venkateshkumar1,2*

*Address all correspondence to: [email protected]

1 IEEE Young Professional, Madras Section, India
2 Department of EEE, AVIT, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

References

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[2] Mishra S, Sekhar PC. TS fuzzy based adaptive perturb algorithm for MPPT of a grid
connected single stage three phase VSC interfaced PV generating system. In: 2012 IEEE
Power and Energy Society General Meeting; San Diego, CA; 2012. pp. 1-7

[3] Al Nabulsi A, Dhaouadi R. Efficiency optimization of a DSP-based standalone PV system

using fuzzy logic and dual-MPPT control. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.
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[4] Xie W, Hui J. MPPT for PV system based on a novel fuzzy control strategy. In: 2010
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[5] Anandhakumar G, Venkateshkumar M, Shankar P. Intelligent controller based MPPT

method for the photovoltaic power system. In: 2013 International Conference on Human
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