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MA121_Problem Set 1

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MA121_Problem Set 1

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24it3039
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Department of Mathematical Sciences

Rajiv Gandhi Institute Of Petroleum Technology, Jais


DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS (MA 121)

13-17 January 2025 Problem Set 1 GR, SD

Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE)


General theory of ODE

dy d2 y di y
Notations : y′ ≡ dx , y′′ ≡ dx2
, y (i ) ≡ dxi
for i = 3, 4, 5, . . . .

1. State the order and degree of the following ODEs and determine whether the
equation under consideration is linear or nonlinear.
2
a) y′ + 2x = 0 b) y′′ + 7x = 0 c) (y′′ ) + 7x = 0
q
d) y + (y′ )2 = 1 + x e) y′′ + y sin x = 0 f) y′′ + x sin y = 0
 
2. Show that every function f defined by f ( x ) = x + c e−3x , where c is an arbi-
3

trary constant, is a solution to the differential equation


dy
+ 3y = 3x2 e−3x .
dx
2 3
3. Verify that for x > 0, √ x 2 is a solution of the equation yy′′ = x.
3
dy
4. Show that x3 + 3xy2 = 1 is an implicit solution to the differential equation 2xy dx +
x2 + y2 = 0 on the interval 0 < x < 1.
5. Is the relation x2 + y2 + 25 = 0 an implicit solution to the differential equation
dy
x + y dx = 0?
6. For certain values of the constant m the function y = emx is a solution to the differ-
ential equation
d3 y d2 y dy
3
− 3 2
− 4 + 12y = 0.
dx dx dx
Determine all such values of m.
7. For what value(s) of r and c, if any, is y = cert a solution of the IVP: y′ + y = 0,
where y(0) = 3.
8. Show that the substitution z = sin x transforms the equation

d2 y dy
2
+ tan x + y cos2 x = 0
dx dx
into
d2 y
+ y = 0.
dz2
9. (a) Prove that if f and g are two different solutions to the equation

dy
+ P ( x ) y = Q ( x ), (1)
dx
dy
then f − g is a solution to the equation + P( x ) y = 0.
dx
(b) Thus show that if f and g are two different solutions to the equation (1) and
c is an arbitrary constant, then

c ( f − g) + f

is a one-parameter solutions of (1).

Assignment Problems
dy t
1. Given that y2 = t2 − c is the general implicit solution to = . Find the actual
dt y
explicit solution to the initial value problem (IVP)

dy t
= , y(2) = −1.
dt y

—×—

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