TOPIC 4 POPULATION AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT

Name: Phạm Thị Duy Ngọc

Class: 21CNACLC06

STT New Meaning Example Source

words/phrases
1 Demographic Xu hướng Ex: If the current demographic
Trends nhân khẩu trend persists, in a few years, we will
học see a profound change in the population
structure and the age pyramid.
2 Population aging Già hoá dân Ex: Population ageing is an inevitable
số outcome of the demographic transition
3 a decline in the tỷ lệ sinh Ex: Fertility rates have declined by
fertility rate giảm half in OECD countries over the past 60
years, posing the risk of population
decline and serious economic and social Demographic Trends We’re
challenges for future generations, Watching as the World
4 population cột mốc dân Ex: On 15 November 2022, the world's Population Passes 8 Billion- PRB
milestone số population reached 8 billion people, a https://www.prb.org/articles/eight-
milestone popuation in human demographic-trends-were-watching-a
development. world-population-passes-8-billion/
5 societal sự bất bình Ex: Social inequality occurs when
inequalitie đẳng trong xã resources within a society are
hội distributed unevenly, often as a result of
inequitable allocation practices that
create distinct unequal patterns based on
socially defined categories of people.
6 Sustainable sự tăng Ex: Sustainable economic growth is
economic growth trưởng kinh economic development that attempts to
tế bền vững satisfy the needs of humans but in a
manner that sustains natural resources
and the environment for future
generations.
7 noncommunicabl bệnh không Ex: Some national health systems and
e diseases lây nhiễm many global health donors are not built
to respond to this fundamental change
in the burden of disease, with
noncommunicable diseases such as
cardiovascular disease, cancer, and
diabetes overtaking infectious diseases
as the leading drivers of mortality.
8 demographic Các yếu tố Ex: Demographic factors such as work
factors nhâu khẩu status (students, employed, and retired
học women) and place of living are primary
factors underlying the different attitudes
 to the decision to engage in
interventions
9 zoonotic disease bệnh động Ex: A zoonotic disease is a disease or
vật truyền infection that can be transmitted
sang người naturally from vertebrate animals to
humans or from humans to vertebrate
animals.
10 internal Di cư nội địa Ex: This article presents key insights
migration into internal migration, and how local
governance can be made more inclusive
for migrants.
11 reproductive Quyền tự do Ex: Reproductive rights include
rights sinh sản prenatal services, safe childbirth, and
access to contraception. They also
include access to legal and safe
abortion.
12 economic những rào Ex: Economic barriers are not limited
barriers cản kinh tế solely to financial constraints and a
user's ability to pay fines or fees.
13 population age Cơ cấu độ Ex: Understanding the age structure of a
structure tuổi của dân population is important because it can
số have significant implications for
economic development, social welfare
programs, and other policy
considerations.
14 burgeoning youth Dân số trẻ Ex: Leaders must address the well-
population đang tăng being of the region’s burgeoning youth
nhanh population by harnessing the first
demographic dividend through
complementary investments in health,
education, governance, and the
economy.
15 the economic Kinh tế suy Ex: Massive unemployment, financial
fallout thoái burden, and economic fallout are 3 most
mentioned words in coronavirus
reccession
16 unauthorized Dân số nhập Ex: The unauthorized immigrant
immigrant cư trái pháp population in the U.S. grew to 11
population million in 2022, but remained below
the peak of 12.2 million in 2007.

17 the demographic sự chuyển Ex: The model that explains why

transition đổi nhân countries go through a period of rapid
nhẩu học population growth is called the
'demographic transition'.
18 life expectancy tuổi thọ con Ex: One of the most notable
= human người achievements of modern societies is the
longevity large rise in human longevity over the
past two centuries.
19 mortality decline tỷ lệ tử vong Ex: Mortality decline refers to the
giảm reduction in mortality rates observed in
the nineteenth century, characterized by
smaller fluctuations in death rates
compared to previous periods.
20 Accelerate socio- đẩy nhanh Ex: Phu Cat must create breakthroughs
economic phát triển and accelerate socio-economic
development kinh tế-xã hội development in the coming period

STT New Meaning Example Source

words/phrases
21 inhabitants of Cư dân đô thị Ex: Inhabitants of urban areas, such Urban planning must factor
urban areas as residents of large cities like Tokyo or in needs of migrants,
New York, often have access to better
sustainable development
infrastructure, healthcare, and
educational facilities compared to those forum hears – UN News
living in rural regions. https://news.un.org/en/story/
22 live in slums or sống trong Ex: In 2020, over one billion inhabitants 2023/07/1138682
informal khu ổ chuột of urban areas were still living in slums
settlements hoặc khu or informal settlements,
định cư predominantly in Asia and sub-Saharan
không chính Africa.
thức
23 Migrants from những người Ex: Vocational training
rural areas di cư từ các equipped migrants from rural areas w
khu vực nông ith skills to secure better paying jobs in
thôn factories.
24 economic khủng hoảng Ex: Despite the economic distress
distress kinh tế faced by many families in 2020,
educational institutions like Harvard
continued to offer scholarships to
deserving students.
25 armed conflicts những cuộc Ex: Despite these efforts, children
xung đột vũ continue to be deprived of their basic
trang rights and needs in
both armed conflicts and post-conflict
situations, the ambassador stressed,
voicing her concern over the long-term
impacts on children’s development.
26 Urban planning Quy hoạch Ex:Smart urban planning also needs to
đô thị go hand in hand with public transport
 and clean energy options such as green
buildings and efficient vehicles.
27 an accelerator of 1 một yếu tố Ex: Believing that migration can be an
inclusive growth thúc đẩy sự accelerator of inclusive growth, he
tăng trưởng called for new national policies
bao trùm allowing migrants to become “active
change-makers” in societies.
Representatives of migrants, said IOM
chief, should participate in urban
planning
28 physical Cơ sở hạ tầng Ex: In implementing this initiative,
infrastructure vật chất solutions to investment's obstacles have
been carried out in such forms as
changing relevant
laws,improving physical infrastructur
e, and building institutions.
29 population growth tốc độ tăng Ex: From 1965 to 1997,
rates dân số the population growth rates in China,
Indonesia, Bangladesh, Mexico, Brazil,
and many other countries fell sharply.

30 high-income Các nước có Ex: At the present, the cost of living

countries thu nhập cao in high-income countries is higher
from 200 to 400 times than that in
underdeveloped countries.
31 Experience a trải qua tình Ex: In 2019, towns in eastern and
serious trạng suy Southeast Asia experienced a serious
deterioration in giảm nghiêm deterioration in air quality
air quality trọng về chất
lượng không
khí
32 A lack of open Thiếu không Ex: One of the most pervasive problems
public spaces gian công that all people with disabilities face is
cộng mở the lack of accessibility to open
public spaces and public services.
33 national disaster các chiến Ex: According to UN data, towns and
risk reduction lược quốc gia cities are now better prepared for
strategies về giảm thiểu different types of disasters, as the
rủi ro thiên number of countries with national
tai disaster risk reduction strategies
grows steadily.
34 local government các cơ quan Ex: Some 102 countries reported that
bodies chính quyền local government bodies have
địa phương developed disaster risk reduction
 strategies, up from just 51 countries in
2015.
35 the drivers of những động Ex: Cities and towns have become the
economic growth lực tăng drivers of economic growth and now
trưởng kinh account for more than 80 per cent of
tế global GDP.

REFLECTION:

PRACTICE 5
HYDROGEN FUEL – An
Alternative Energy
Source
In this translation practice, I worked on a passage discussing “the world population is projected
to reach 8 billion people in highlighting eight notable demographic trends and issues”. The
exercise aimed to enhance my ability to handle specialized terms in the field of population and
urban development, which are crucial when translating technical texts.

The passage included numerous technical terms like “the demographic transition
” “population age structure,” and “unauthorized immigrant population.” Some of these
terms could be directly found on the Internet, but others required deeper analysis and logical
deduction based on context. This pushed me to apply both my knowledge
and reasoning skills to choose the most accurate translations. For instance,
translating "unauthorized immigrant population" required understanding the knowlege of
immigration and since then I can find a suitable meaning to translate into Vietnamese.
Additionally, the passage emphasized the importance of adapting translations to fit
the target language’s structure. While some terms allowed for direct translations,
others, like “a decline in the fertility rate” needed rephrasing and
restructuring to convey the meaning naturally in Vietnamese. This made me more
aware of how important it is to focus on clarity and accuracy in both languages,
especially when dealing with complex technical topics.

Overall, this passage helped me refine my technical translation skills, particularly

in managing specialized vocabulary and ensuring that the final translation was both
understandable and faithful to the source text. I feel more confident in handling
similar translations in the future, especially when dealing population and urban development
subjects.