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12th SCIENCE IMP Questions

Uploaded by

Dual Gaming
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AAFREEN SHAIKH

HSC INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY


CH 1. ADVANCE WEB DESIGNING 100% imp Question bank.

1. The Hypertext Mark-up Language (HTML) is an evolving language, with different versions supporting different
features
2. HTML5 is currently used because it supports mobile technology
3. The major browsers are Google Chrome, MozillaFirefox, Microsoft Edge, Safari, Opera and Apple support the
features of HTML5
4. HTML5 has introduced additional form controls which can also be used for validation purpose.
5. HTML5 introduces new input types.
<input type="color"> Defines a color picker
<input type="number"> Defines a field for entering a numbe
<input type="url"> Defines a field for entering a URL.
<input type="image"> Defines an image as a submit button.
<input type="date"> Defines a date picker with the year, month and day
<input type="email"> Defines a field for an e-mail address
<input type="month"> Defines a month and year control in format is "YYYY-MM"
<input type="range"> Define a range control. Default range is 0 to 100.
<input type="datetime-local"> Defines a date picker that includes the year, month, day and time
<input type="time"> Defines a control for entering a time.
<input type="week"> Defines a week and year control
<input type="search"> Defines a text field for entering a search string like site search or Google search.
<input type="file"> Defines a file-select field and a "Browse" button for file uploads.
<input type="tel"> Used to define input fields that should contain a telephone number

6. input restrictions is given below, which can be used for validation purpose
disabled Specifies that an input field should be disabled.
max Specifies the maximum value for an input field.
min Specifies the minimum value for an input field.
Pattern Specifies a regular expression to check the input values.
read only Specifies that an input field is read only (cannot be changed).

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placeholder This acts as a temporary label showing the purpose of a text field without requiring a label
tag.
required Specifies that an input field is required (must be filled out).
autocomplete Specifies whether a form or input field should have autocomplete On or Off.
autofocus Specifies that the input field should automatically get focus when the page loads.
height and width Specifies the height and width of an <input type="image">
multiple Specifies that the user is allowed to enter more than one value in the <input> element. This
works with input types like email and file.

7. id used to identify the html element uniquely through the document object model
8. class used to apply CSS style to the individual input element.
9. The meta tag is a tag in html that describes some aspects of contents of a webpage.
10. The HTML <meta> tag is used by search engines to search information that is provided with the webpage
11. Meta is empty tag (singular tag) which carries information within its attributes.
12. The <meta> tag is placed between the <head>and </head> tags.
13. Metadata will not be displayed on the webpage
14. Attribute of <meta> tag are
Name attribute Specifies the Name of the metadata e.g. <meta name = "author" >
Content It can have any textual matter related to the name
Charset Specifies the character encoding used by the document, This is called a character encoding
declaration.
15. UTF-8 For Indian characters
16. Big5 – for Chinese characters
17. http-equiv Used for http response message headers
18. CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets
19. CSS describes how HTML elements are to be displayed on screen, paper, or in other media
20. CSS allows you to control the look and feel of several pages by changing a single source.
21. A CSS rule set contains selector and declaration block
22. Selector indicates the HTML element you want to style.
23. The declaration block can contain one or more declarations separated by a semicolon
24. Property is a type of attribute of HTML element
25. Values are assigned to CSS properties
26. Types of CSS i) Inline CSS ii) Embedded style sheet or Internal CSS iii) External CSS
27. Inline stylesheet uses the style attribute in the HTML start tag.

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28. Inline CSS is used to apply CSS on a single line or element


29. Embedded stylesheet or internal CSS is used to apply CSS on a single document or page. It can affect all the
elements of the page
30. Embedded stylesheet or internal CSS is written inside the style tag within head section of html.
31. CSS Properties are
• Color Changes the color of the text
• Background-color To set the background color in your webpage
• Font-weight Used to bold text
• Font-style Used to italicize text
• text-decoration property is used to
1. strike-through 2. Underline 3. Overstrike 4. to remove underlines from links
• Text-align property is use to control the horizontal alignment of any block-level text that are
paragraphs, tables and other elements
• Font-family This is used to control the fonts
• Font-size property allows you to control the size of the font
• Letter-spacing helps in controlling the horizontal spacing between characters of text
This property is used when you want to add padding (blank spaces) around the content of an element.
• Border This property adds a border to a webpage element
• Background-image To set an image as the background of your webpage
• Margin-Left Sets margin area on the left side of the element
32. The external style sheet is generally used when you want to make changes on multiple pages.
33. external style sheet uses the <link> tag on every page and the tag should be put inside the head section
34. An external style sheet must be saved with a .css extension.
35. The Id selector selects the id attribute of an HTML element to select a specific element
36. Id selector is written with the hash character(#), followed by the id name.
37. Class selector used with a period character '.' (full stop symbol) followed by the class name.
38. Class selector is used when you want to change a group of elements within your HTML page
39. The class name should not start with number.
40. The universal selector is used as a wildcard character(*). It selects all the elements on the Webpages.
41. The grouping selector is used to select all the elements with the same style definitions.
42. Commas (,) are used to separate each selector in grouping
43. The position property is used to set position for an element.
44. The element can be positioned using the top, bottom, left and right properties.
45. There are four types of positioning in CSS

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1. Static Positioning : This is a bydefault position for HTML element


2. Fixed Positioning: The FIXED property forces an element into a fixed position relative to the browser
window
3. Relative Positioning : property is used to set the element relative to its normal position.
4. Absolute Positioning : This property sets an element in a specific location and it is not affected by the flow
of the page.
Absolute Positioning property positions the element at the specified coordinates relative to your screen
top-left corner

46. float property defines the flow of content.


float : left , float : right and float : none are the types of floating properties
47. The Display property in CSS defines how the components (div, hyperlink, heading, etc) are going to be placed on
the web page
Where values are :
• Inline : It is used to display an element as an inline element.
• Block : It is used to display an element as an block element. It starts on a new line, and takes up the
whole width of the browser window.
• Block-inline : This value is very similar to inline element but the difference is that you are able to set the
width and height.
• None : The element is completely removed.

48. The <OL> tag defines an ordered list. An ordered list can be numerical or alphabetical
49. Attributes of <ol> tag are
• Type ( 1 is default value)
• Reversed
• Start

50. An unordered list created using the <ul> tag


51. The list items in unordered lists are marked with bullets (small black circles), by default.
52. Each list item starts with the <li> tag
53. HTML5 does not support bullets, circle and square value of type attribute instead you use CSS style.
54. To define a definition list <dl> tag is used
55. The <dt> tag is used to define the term
56. Thee <dd> tag is used to define the term’s definition

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57. List within another list either order list or unordered list is called nested list
58. HTML5 features include native audio and video support without the need for Flash
59. Common Audio Formats
• mp3 : MPEG(Moving / Motion Pictures Experts Group)
• aac : Advanced Audio Coding, standard format on Iphone, youtube etc
• ogg : An Open container and free audio format.

60. The <audio> element enables you to embed(or add) audio files on Webpages.
61. Autoplay, controls, muted are attributes without any values
62. Attributes of <Audio> tag are
• Autoplay
• Controls (i.e. play/pause button etc.)
• Loop
• Muted
• Src - Specifies the URL of the audio file
63. The controls attribute is used to add audio controls such as play, pause, and volume
64. The"source"element is used to specify the audio files which the browser may use.
65. The <source> tag is used to specify multiple media resources for media elements
66. The HTML <video> tag is used to embed video into your web page, it has several video sources.
67. Video formats that supported by web browsers – .mp4, .Ogg and .WebM
68. Attributes of <Video> tag are
• Src
• autoplay,
• controls - Specifies that video controls should be displayed (such as a play/pause button etc).
• height, width
• poster - Specifies an image to be shown while the video is downloading, or until the user hits the play
button
• muted - the video should be muted
• loop- Specifies that the video will start over again
• preload- Specifies if and how the author thinks the video should be loaded when the webpage loads

69. An image with multiple hyperlinks is called an image map.


70. Image map is used to connect links to different regions on the webpage
71. Image map clickable regions are called as hotspots

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72. Image Maps are of two types; Client Side and Server Side.
73. <Img> tag is used to insert an image on a web page
74. To create a client side image map usemap attribute of <img> tag is used with value which is preceded
with a # symbol.
75. The usemap attribute acts as a pointer which indicates that the image is a client side image map
76. .<map> : specifies name of the image used for client side image map.
77. <area> - It defines specific clickable regions.
78. A given <map> element can contain multiple <area> element within it.
79. <area> is singular tag
80. <map> is paired. Tag.
81. Attributes of <area> tag
• Href - Defines the URL to which the clickable region within the image-map navigates.
• Shape -It can value rect, circle or poly.
• Cords- Specifies co-ordinates of the clickable regions on the image-map
• alt - Specifies extra information about clickable area. It is the alternative text to the clickable region

82. The <iframe> element creates an inline frame.


83. Inline frames are often used in online advertising,
84. the contents of the <iframe> is an advertisement from an external party
85. Attributes of <iframe> tag
• Src - URL Specifies the address of the document to embed
• Height - Specifies the height
• Width - Specifies the width
• Name - Specifies name of an <iframe>
• srcdoc - Specifies the HTML code of the page to show in the<iframe>

86. Website Hosting is the service of providing storage space for website made available on the Internet
87. The companies that provides web hosting services are called web hosts.
88. Types of Web hosting :
• Shared hosting (cost effective)
• Free hosting (limited period of time.),
• Dedicated hosting (paid hosting servers for large websites)
89. Html5 has introduced new types in <Input> like number, date, Tel, email, search, URL, range, month, week, color

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90. CSS- Cascading Style Sheet describes how HTML elements are to be displayed on screen, paper, or in other
media.
91. CSS syntax Selector{Property1: value1; Property2: value2}

Exercise
Q 1. Fill in the blanks
1. The........... element is a staring element in an HTML, it indicates that document type definition being used by
the document
Ans: <!DOCTYPE html>
2. . The................ is a tag in html that describe some aspects of contents of a webpage.
Ans: <meta>
3. The <ol> tag defines an……………
Ans: Ordered list
4. ............. tag is used to specify video on an HTML document.
Ans:Video
5. The................... element creates an inline frame.
Ans:<iframe>
6. ..................tag is used to specify video on an HTML document.
<video>
7. If a web developer wants to add the description to an image he must use .......... attribute of <img>tag.
Ans:alt
8. The..................property is used to set position for an element.
Ans:Position
9. The float property defines the................... of content.
Ans: Flow
10 .................... is used with elements that overlap with each other
Ans:

Q2. State whether the following statement is True or False

1. HTML is an Object Oriented Programming Language - False


2. Charset is used for character encoding declaration – True
3. An unordered list can be numerical or alphabetical – False

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4. . Multilevel list can be created in HTML 5. –True


5. Srccode specifies the HTML content of the page to show in the <iframe> -flase
6. .cs is the extension of CSS file - False

Q.3. Choose Single correct answer from the given options.

1. ………………….element used to create a linking image


a) <img> b) <td> c) <map> d) <usemap>
2. The............... tag is used to embed audio files on Webpages.
a) <sound> b) <audio> c) <video> d) <embeded>
3. A programmer wants to define range for age between 18 to 50, he will use a form with following
appropriate control.
a) number b) compare c) range d) Textboxes
4. ............ character is used to create id in CSS.

a) % b) $ c) @ d) #

Q 4. Choose Two correct answers from the given options.

1. List within another list either………list or ........ list is called nested list.
a) multilevel b) order c) unordered d) general e) cascading
2. Image maps are of two types ……...........and …………..........
a) Network side b) Client Side c) Computer side d) Server Side e) n-compting
3. A CSS rule set contains……….. and……………………...............
a) Set b) selector c) post d) declaration e) block
4. Client-side image map can be created using two elements …………… and………...
a) <area> b) <image> c) <usemap> d) <map> e) <server>

Q.5. Choose Three correct answers from the given options.

1. Attributes of <area> tag is……………………..


a) href b) src c) coords d) data e) alt f) usemap

2. Attributes used with iframe are………………..


a) srcdoc b) name c) att d) src e) href f) loop

3. Following are the Form controls……………

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a) email b) search c) label d) video e) tel f) audio

4. Attributes used with <audio> tag…………………………..


a) autoplay b) href c) controls d) cntrl e) loop f) bgsound

5. . CSS types are …………………, ………...... and…………………


a) internal b) external c) control d) inline e) loop f) style
6. Positioning types in CSS are……………………
a) Static b) fixed c) absolute d)position e) dynamic f) nested
7. Types of floating properties are………,…………, …………..
a) left b) zero c) right d) all e) none f) dock

Q. 6. Match the pair

1. <UL> - bulleted list


2. Usemap-Client side image map
3. Color-CSS Property
4. <Img> - nserts an image
5. <Input type =image> - Image as a submit button

Q.7. Programs

1) Write a program using html with following CSS specification-


The background colour of the company name should be in green.
2. The text colour of the company name should be red.
3. The heading should be large with font ''comic sans ms''
4. The description of the company should be displayed in blue color in a paragraph.

<html>
<head>
<title>College Information</title>
<style>
h1 {background-color:Green ;color:Red; font-family:Comic Sans MS}
p {color:blue}
</style>
</head>
<body>

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<h1 >SkyNet</h1>
<p>
This is My company</p>
</body>
</html>

2. Write Html5 code with CSS as follows-


1. To create form to accept name,age, email address, from the user.
2. Create a submit button to send the data.
3. The heading of the form should have a background colour and a different font style.

<html>
<head>
<title>User Registration Form</title>
<style>
h1 {background-color:orange;font-style:oblique}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align='center'>User Registration </h1>
<form>
Name<input type="text" name="t1">
Age <input type="number" name="t2">
Email <input type="email" name="t3">
<input type="submit" name="btn" value='Submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>

3.Write Html5 code with CSS as follows-


1. Create ordered list with names of tourist Cities.
2. Create unordered list with tourist places of those cities.
3. Divide the list into two sections left and right by using CSS

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<html>
<head><title>Touries places</title>
<style>
ul{float:left}
ol{float:right}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<OL>
<li>Pune</li>
<li>Mumbai</li>
<li>Jammu</li>
<li>Kashmir</li>
</OL>
<ul>
<li>Japan</li>
<li>China</Ii>
<li>Shrilanka</li>
<li>Singapore</li>
</ul>
</body>
</html>

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CH: 2 Introduction to SEO (Search Engine Optimization)

1. SEO stands for Search Engine Optimization.


2. SEO is a technique used for: designing and developing a website be to rank high in search engine results
3. SEO is useful in increasing the number of visitors to a website.
4. On-Page SEO is concerned with information that is displayed to the end user, such as text, images and
website navigation
5. Types of SEO - There are two types of optimization
On-Page SEO
Off-Page SEO

6. On-page SEO includes Provision of good content, good keywords selection, putting keywords on correct
places, giving appropriate title to every page etc.
7. Off-Page SEO includes link building, increasing link popularity by submitting open directories, search
engines, link exchange etc.
8. Techniques of SEO
White Hat SEO : Techniques that search engines recommends as apart of good design.
Black Hat SEO : Techniques that search engines do not approve. The techniques used for optimizing the
website are manipulative.
9. white hat strategies are
• Relevant content
• Well-labeled image
• Relevant links and references.
• Complete sentences with good spelling and grammar
• Standard-compliant HTML
• Unique and relevant page title

10. black hat strategies


• Duplicate content
• Invisible text and stuffed keyword

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• Cloking or re-directing the user to another site or page


• Links from sites with non-relveant content
11. ways to optimize the webpage for SEO
• Html programs should start with <!doctype html>.
• If it is singular tag eg<img> it should be self enclosed like this- <img />
• Order of tags should be proper. Most of the time recently opened tag will be closed first
• It is recommended to use
o <title>
o Meta-description Tag
o Heading Tags
o Image Tags with ALT attribute
• SEO Social Bookmarking
• SEO-Social Media Optimization (SMO)
• SEO-Backlinks
• Other factors for SEO
o Speed of the website
o Mobile friendly
o Creating Robots.txt
12. The alt attribute gives information about the image, so even if the image does not download
13. <title> tag Contents should be up to 60 characters (spaces included)
14. Meta Description should be between 70 and 160 characters (spaces included)
15. While creating a web page, Meta description should be used to boost your On-Page SEO
16. SEO keywords are the important words and phrases related to the developed website content.
17. Keyword Research and Analysis is an important part of the Search Engine Optimization (SEO) as well
as"Search Engine Marketing
18. "Search Engine Marketing”, one can pay for certain keywords
19. online Keyword Planner tools is Google AdWords
20. Social bookmarking is a powerful tool in promoting a website.
21. Social bookmarking is very useful for Off-Page SEO optimization.
22. Bookmarks are website links that are stored for future references
23. External links are the important SEO factors to rank a website higher in the search engine
24. With Social bookmarking, you can quickly create high-quality backlinks
25. . SEO-Social Media Optimization (SMO) deals with enhancing the website's ranking, using interactive
communities like facebook, twitter, blogs, forums and so on.

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26. Backlinks are links on one website that, when clicked, take the user to another site.
27. Robots.txt file tells search engine which pages you want to exclude from indexing.
28. An SEO Audit helps to find out what could be done to improve ranking on search engines,
29. SEO audit tool analyses the websites health
30. Audit Results of SEOPtimizer will have following details
• Overall Ranking of the site
• Recommendations for improvements
• Usability of the website
• Performance of website
• Social links
• Security parameters
• Links(Number of backlinks ,Broken links,Friendly links, On page links)
• Header content recommendations(Title and Meta description)
31. Website Security parameters are
• SSL Enabled
• HTTPS Redirect
• Email Privacy
32. • Header content recommendations are
• Title
• Meta description
33. SEO audit Links report contain
• Number of backlinks
• Broken links
• Friendly links
• On page links
34. Crawling is a process by which search engines crawler/ spiders/bots scan a website and collect details about
each page
35. Organic search results are the listings on a search engine results page (SERP) that appear because of factors
such as relevance to the search term and valid search engine optimization (SEO) efforts
36. Search Engine is an online program or software that helps users to search for information on world wide
web.
37. Examples of Search Engine include Google, Yahoo and Bing

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Exercise
Q.1 Fill in the blank.
1. The full form of SEO is Search Engine Optimization
2. Back links are links on one website that, when clicked, take the user to another site
3. One of the optimization factor to improve images is by using alt attribute.
4. An SEO Audit tool helps to find out what you can be done to improve ranking on search engines, so that
consumers can find the website with greater ease.
5. The robot.txt files tells search engine which pages you want to exclude from indexing.

Q.2. Match the following.


1. Image optimization - alt attribute
2. Links to Twittter, facebook - Social media optimization
3. description about author - meta tag
4. White hat Strategy- SEO technique

Q3. Choose corect answers from the following. (2 correct)


1. The page content optimization can be done by using keywords in
a) <font> b) <title>
c) <hr> d> <meta>
e) <input>

2. Other factors to rank the website higher are


a) Desktop friendly b) Speed of the website
c) Creating robots. txt d) No backlinks e) No external links.

Q.3. Answer briefly.


1. Define SEO. State types of SEO.
Ans: SEO stands for Search Engine Optimization. SEO is a technique used for: designing and developing a website be to
rank high in search engine results. It is a subset of search engine marketing. Thus SEO is useful in increasing the number
of visitors to a website.
Types of SEO - There are two types of optimization

• On-Page SEO
• Off-Page SEO.

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2. .Which are the different SEO techniques?


Ans:
White Hat SEO : Techniques that search engines recommends as apart of good design.
Black Hat SEO : Techniques that search engines do not approve. The techniques used for optimizing the website are
manipulative

3. Explain in short White Hat technique


White Hat SEO : Techniques that search engines recommends as apart of good design
WHITE HAT STRATEGIES
▪ Relevant content
▪ Well-labeled images
▪ Relevant links and references
▪ Complete sentences with good spelling and grammar
▪ Standard-compliant HTML
▪ Unique and relevant page titles

4. Explain in short Black hat technique.


Ans:
Black Hat SEO : Techniques that search engines do not approve. The techniques used for optimizing the website
are manipulative
black hat strategies are
▪ Duplicate content
▪ Invisible text and stuffed keyword
▪ Cloking or re-directing the user to another site or page
▪ Links from sites with non-relveant content

5. Explain in short SEO Keyword search.


Ans:
good keywords selection, putting keywords on correct places, giving appropriate title to every page etc
SEO keywords are the important words and phrases related to the developed website content. A list of
keywords. Need to be carefully choosen to optimize the search. Keyword Research and Analysis is an important
part of the Search Engine Optimization (SEO) as well as"Search Engine Marketing".

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6. Explain any two Page content optimization points


Ans:
▪ Title is the first thing that user notices in search result list while using google for searching.
▪ Meta-description Tag : While creating a web page, Meta description should be used to boost your On-
Page SEO.
▪ Heading Tags : The page should include proper heading tags from <h1> to <h6> wherever required
▪ Image Tags with ALT attribute : The alt attribute gives information about the image, so even if the
image does not download, it can make the viewers understand.
7. Explain how could you optimize images.
Ans:
Image Tags with ALT attribute : The alt attribute gives information about the image, so even if the image does
not download, it can make the viewers understand the image related information.

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CH: 6 E-Commerce and E-Governance

1. E-Commerce stands for Electronic Commerce.


2. E-Commerce became possible in 1991 when the Internet was opened to commercial use
3. “E-Commerce can be broadly defined as the process of buying and selling of goods or services using an
electronic medium such as Internet.”
4. E-commerce is also referred as a paperless exchange of business information using EDI, E-mail, Electronic fund
transfer etc
5. E-commerce is 24X7, it can be done anytime day and night
6. E-commerce can be termed as screen to face interaction
7. E-commerce is global and has no physical limitation.
8. E-commerce delivery of goods or services takes some time.
9. E-commerce’s scope is global
10. Traditional Commerce’s scope is local
11. Modes of payment in traditional commerce include cash, cheques and credit cards
12. Traditional commerce is limited to business hours, mostly during the day
13. Advantages of E-Commerce are
▪ Global scope
▪ Electronic transaction
▪ Cost Saving
▪ Anytime shopping
▪ No intermediaries
▪ Public services
14. Disadvantages of E-Commerce
▪ Setup Cost
▪ Physical presence
▪ Security
▪ Goods Delivery
15. Types of E-Commerce
Business - to - Consumer (B2C)
Consumer - to - Business (C2B)
Consumer - to - Consumer (C2C)

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16. E-Commerce Trade Cycle


▪ Pre-Sales
▪ Execution
▪ Settlement
▪ After-Sales

17. Modes of Payment


▪ Credit Cards.
▪ Mobile Payments
▪ Bank Transfers
▪ E-wallets
18. Some common forms of E-Commerce are as follows.
▪ M-commerce (Mobile commerce)
▪ Social Commerce

19. m-commerce enables users to access online shopping platforms without needing to use a desktop computer
20. application of M-Commerce are
• mobile banking,
• ticket booking
• E-bill payment,
• online auctions,
• stock market trading.
21. Social commerce is the use of networking websites such as …….,…………, ................... as vehicles to promote and
sell products and services
• Facebook,
• Instagram
• Twitter.
22. The success of a social commerce campaign is measured by the degree to which consumers interact with the
company's marketing through retweets, likes and shares
23. Electronic commerce draws on technologies such as
• mobile commerce,
• electronic funds transfer,
• supply chain management,

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• Internet marketing,
• online transaction processing,
• electronic data interchange (EDI),
• inventory management systems
• automated data collection systems.

24. EDI is the electronic interchange of business information using a standardized format
25. EDI is the process which allows one company to send information to another company electronically rather
than on paper.
26. Many business documents can be exchanged using EDI
27. two most common documents are purchase orders and invoices.
28. EDI is computer-to-computer interchange of strictly formatted documents via telecommunications or physically
transported on electronic storage media
29. e-governance is to simplify processes for …….,……..& .................... at National, State and local levels
• government,
• citizens,
• businesses etc.

30. E-governance delivers SMART government


31. SMART government.
S- Simple
M-Moral
A-Accessible
R-Responsive
T-Transparent Government
32. Advantages of E-governance
• Reduced corruption
• High transparency
• Increased convenience
• Direct participation of constituents
• Reduction in overall cost.
• Expanded reach of government

33. E-Governance is of 4 types

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• Government-to-Citizen (G2C)
• Government-to-Business (G2B)
• Government-to-Government (G2G)
• Government-to-Employee (G2E)

34. license renewals and paying tax are Examples of Government-to-Citizen (G2C)
35. The G2B also consists services exchanged between business sectors and government.
36. G2B aims at eliminating paper work, saving time, cost and establish transparency
37. G2G refers to the interaction between different government departments, organizations and agencies
38. G2G services can be at the local level or the international level
39. G2G provides safe and secure inter-relationship between domestic or foreign government
40. Government-to-Employee is the internal part of G2G sector
41. G2E aims to bring employees together and improvise knowledge sharing.
42. applying for leave, reviewing salary record and checking the balance of holiday are examples of G2E
43. examples of E-Governance projects are
• e-Mitra project (Rajasthan),
• e-Seva project (Andhra Pradesh),
• CET (Common Entrance Test)

44. Digital India was launched by the Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi on 1 July 2015
45. UMANG (Unified Mobile Application for New-age Governance)
46. Security Measures in E-Commerce
• Encryption
• Digital Signature :
• Digital Certificate

47. Encryption is used to protect user information being sent between a browser and a server
48. Encryption is of two types
• Symmetric (Shared Secret Encryption )
• Asymmetric (Public-Key Encryption)
49. Encryption converts Plain text into Cipher Text
50. Decryption converts Cipher text into Plain tex
51. Plain text is readable form of data
52. Cipher Text is coded form of data

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53. Encryption decryption process sequence is


Plain text-----→ cipher text -------→Plain text

54. A digital signature is also known as an electronic signature.


55. A digital signature guarantees the authenticity of an electronic document
56. Digital signatures are used in
• e-commerce,
• software distribution,
• financial transactions.

57. A digital signature provide proof of original and unmodified documentation


58. A Digital Certificate is an electronic "password"
59. A Digital Certificate allows to exchange data securely over the Internet using the public key infrastructure (PKI)
60. Digital Certificate is also known as a public key certificate or identity certificate.

Exercise
Q.1 Fill in the blanks
1. E-Commerce’s scope is Global
2. A customer can do shopping 24x7 online using type of E-Commerce.
3. The execution phase consist of Order and Delivery.
4. E-wallet is a type of pre-paid account in which a user can store his/her money for any future online
transaction.
5. EDI is paperless exchange of information.
6. The Government to citizen (G2C ) type of e-governance refers to the government services which enable
citizens to get access to wide variety of public services
7. The e-governance which provides safe and secure inter-relationship between domestic or foreign
government is Government to government(G2G)

Q2. State True/False.


1. C2C type of E-commerce deals with Business and Customer ----- False

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2. The lack of a personal touch can be a disadvantage for many types of services and products in E-
commerce ------ True
3. Checking the balance of holiday is an example of G2C -- false
4. E-commerce provides more options to compare and select the cheaper and better options—True
5. M-commerce can be used through desktop computer.—False

Q.3. Multiple Choice Question. (1 correct answer)


1. Invoice and payment are included in............... phase of trade cycle.
a) Presale b) execution c) settlement d) After sale

2. License renewal is an example of .............. e-governance


a) G2C b) G2B c) G2G d) G2E

Q.4 Multiple Choice Question. (2 correct answer)

1. Encryption consist of two processes..………………..and ……………...................


a) encryption b) signature c) decryption d) digitization e) security

2. Social commerce is a subset of electronic commerce that involves social media like … … … … … & …………………..
a) Facebook b) Instagram c) gmail d) whatsapp e) softwar

Q.5 1) Match the following.


1. M-commerce - E-bill payment
2. Cipher Text - Coded form of data
3. EDI - Paperless exchange of information
4. Wholesaler-to - B2B
5. License renewal - G2C
6. Online facility like leave - G2E
7. Government agencies share same database - G2G

Q.6 Answer in brief.


1. Explain phases of trade cycle
Ans:
A trade cycle is the series of exchanges, between a customer and supplier that take place when a commercial
exchange is executed

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1. Pre-Sales : It consist of two steps like Search and Negotiate. Customer search for required website for product to
be purchased. In Negotiate step customer find a supplier who offers good quality product at cheaper price and
then customer agrees the terms forwarded by supplier.
2. Execution : This phase consist of Order and Delivery. Customer sends an order for the selected product and after
processing the order, customer receives delivery of the product.
3. Settlement : This phase consist of Invoice (if any) and Payment. Invoice means customer will receive a bill for
purchased product and after confirmation of received product, customer will pay for the same.
4. After-Sales : This phase consists of warranty and After Sale Services. In warranty period, customer will get all
maintenance services for free or at minimum cost. After sale services means customer will do complaints (if any)
about the performance of product and get maintenance service from the supplier.

2. Explain M-Commerce.
Ans:
M-commerce (Mobile commerce) : is the buying and selling of goods and services through wireless handheld
devices such as smartphones and tablets. As a form of e-commerce, m-commerce enables users to access online
shopping platforms without needing to use a desktop computer. Some of application of M-Commerce are
mobile banking, ticket booking, E-bill payment, online auctions, stock market trading

3. Describe process of encryption.


Encryption : Encryption is widely used on the internet to protect user information being sent between a browser
and a server. This includes passwords, payment information and other personal information that should be
considered private. The process consists of two processes as encryption and decryption. Encryption converts
Plain text ( readable form of data ) into Cipher Text (coded form of data) means non-readable form of data.
Decryption is exactly opposite process of encryption. It converts Cipher text into Plain text.
Encryption is of two types
1. Symmetric (Shared Secret Encryption )
2. Asymmetric (Public-Key Encryption )

4. What is E-governance.
ANs:
It signifies the implementation of information technology in the government processes and functions so as to
cause simple, moral, accountable and transparent governance. The basic purpose of e-governance is to simplify

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processes for all, i.e. government, citizens, businesses etc. at National, State and local levels. Hence, E-
governance delivers SMART government. (S- Simple, M-Moral, A-Accessible, R-Responsive, T-Transparent
Government)

5. List out advantages of E-commerce.


Ans:
• Global scope
• Electronic transaction
• Cost Saving :
• Anytime shopping
• No intermediaries

6. Which are the different types of e-governance?


Ans:
• Government-to-Citizen (G2C)
The Government-to-citizen refers to the government services which enable citizens to get access to wide
variety of public services.
Eg. License renewals and paying tax
• Government-to-Business (G2B) The Government to business is the exchange of services between
Government and Business organizations
E.g . Tata company deals with Indian government
• Government-to-Government (G2G).
The Government-to-Government refers to the interaction between different government departments,
organizations and agencies
e.g Maharashta gov –Karnataka gov
• Government-to-Employee (G2E)
The Government-to-Employee is the internal part of G2G sector. Furthermore, G2E aims to bring
employees together and improvise knowledge sharing
e.g applying for leave, reviewing salary payment record and checking the balance of holiday.

7. State two examples of G2E services.


applying for leave, reviewing salary payment record and checking the balance of holiday.

8. Write any four advantages of e-governance.

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• Reduced corruption
• High transparency
• Increased convenience
• Direct participation of constituents
• Reduction in overall cost.
• Expanded reach of government

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CH 3. Advanced Javascript
1. scripting languages used to develop dynamic websites
2. javaScript is an interpreted scripting language
3. An interpreted language is a type of programming language that executes its instructions directly and freely
without compiling machine language
4. JavaScript was initially created to "make webpages alive
5. Declare a function in JavaScript using function keyword.
6. Features of JavaScript
• light weight
• it does not support all features of object oriented programming languages.
• No need of special software to run
• JavaScript is object oriented scripting language
• it supports event based programming facility.
• input validation
• handle date and time very effectively
• platform independent
• free(Open source)

7. two types of scripting


• Client-side Scripting
• Server-side Scripting

8. Client-side script resides on client computer (browser) and that can run on the client.
9. Server-side Scripting : In this type, the script resides on web server.
10. clientside scripting is used at the frontend which users can see from the browser.
11. Server-side scripting is more secure than client-side scripting.
12. client-side scripting does not need any server interaction
13. client-side scripting language involves
• HTML5,
• JavaScript

14. Server side scripting languages.

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• PHP,
• ASP.net,
• Ruby,
• ColdFusion,
• Python,
• C#

15. Server-side scripting is useful in customizing the web pages and implements the dynamic changes in the
websites
16. Client side scripting use for validation purpose and effectively minimize the load to the server.
17. client side scripts requires web browser as an interface
18. Special software (web server software) is required to execute server-side script e.g Wamp server
19. popular framework / libraries.
• Angular JS
• Vue JS
• React

20. javaScript has a built–in multiway decision statement known as Switch.


21. The default statement in switch case is not mandatory.
22. Iteration refers to the execution of statement or a group of statements of code for a fixed number of times or
till the condition is satisfied
23. For loop executes statements as long as condition becomes true, control comes out from the loop when
condition becomes false.
24. Initialization is assigning initial value to the variable, which executes only once
25. While loop executes statements as long as the condition is true
26. Break statement is used to jump out of loop.
27. Break is used to make an early exit from a loop
28. When keyword break is encountered inside the loop, control automatically passes to the next statement after
the loop
29. Sometimes in looping it may be necessary to skip statement block and take the control at the beginning for next
iteration. This is done by using ‘continue’ statement
30. JavaScript is an object based scripting language
31. Almost everything is an object in JavaScript
32. An object can group data together with functions needed to manipulate it

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33. Properties and methods of object's are accessed with . (dot) operator.
34. JavaScript supports 2 types of objects
• built-in objects
• user defined objects
35. Built in objects such as Math, String, Array, Date etc
36. The ‘new’ keyword is used to create new object in JavaScript
37. DOM stands for Document Object Model
38. When HTML document is loaded into a web browser, it becomes a document object.
39. DOM defines logical structure of document
40. The way in which HTML document content is accessed and modified is called as Document Object Mode
41. XML stands for Extensible Markup Language
42. The standardization of DOM was founded by W3C (World Wide Web Consortium)
43. The W3C Document Object Model (DOM) is a platform and languageneutral interface
44. predefined methods and properties for DOM object are
• head - Returns the element of the document
• title - Sets or returns title of the document.
• URL - Returns full URL of the HTML document
• body, img -Returns <body>, <img> elements respectively
• write() - Writes HTML expressions or JavaScript code to a document
• writeln() -Same as write(), but adds a newline character after each statement
• getElementById() -There are many ways of accessing form elements, of which the easiest is by
getElementById() method.
45. At the very top of the object hierarchy is the window object.
46. Window object is parent object of all other objects
47. properties for window object.
• Name - Sets or returns the name of a window
• location -Returns the Location object for the window.
• Document- Returns the Document object for the window
• Status- Sets or returns the text in the status bar of a window.
• closed - Returns a Boolean value indicating whether a window has been closed or not
48. methods for window object.
• alert() Displays the alert box containing message with ok button.
• confirm() Displays the confirm dialog box containing message with ok and cancel button
• prompt() Displays a dialog box to get input from the user.

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• open() Opens the new window


• close() Closes the current window.
• blur() Removes focus from the current window.
• focus() Sets focus to the current window..
• print() Prints the content of current window
• setTimeout() Calls a function or evaluates an expression after a specified number of millisecond

49. Events are actions done by the user or an application that occurs on the webpage.
50. Input and other object Events:
• Onblur It occurs when user leaves field or losses focus of an element.
• Onfocus It occurs when an element gets focus
• Onchange It occurs when user changes content of an element or selects dropdown value. E.g. for
textbox, password, select box, textarea etc
• Onselect It occurs when user selects some text of an element.
• onsubmit It occurs when user clicks submit button.
• Onreset It occurs when user clicks reset button.
• onload It occurs when page/image has been loaded
• onunload It occurs when document/page has been unloaded or closes
51. String is used to store zero or more characters of text within single or double quotes.
52. String object is used to store and manipulate text
53. String length Returns the number of characters in a string .
54. Method of string object
• charAt() Returns the character at the specified position (in Number)
• indexOf() Returns the index of the first occurence of specified character in given string, or -1 if it
never occurs, so with that index you can determine if the string contains the specified character
• lastIndexOf() Returns the index of the last occurence of specified character in given string.
• substr() Returns the characters you specified:
• substring() Returns the characters you specified
• trim() The trim() method removes whitespace from both sides of a string
• toLowerCase() Converts a string to lower case
• toUpperCase() Converts a string to upper case

55. Number Object properties are


• MIN_VALUE Returns the largest minimum value.

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• MAX_VALUE Returns the largest maximum value


• NaN It represents ‘Not a Number’ value.
56. Number object methods are
• isInteger() It determines whether the given value is a Integer
• parseFloat() It converts the given string into a floating point number
• parseInt() It converts the given string into a integer number.
• isFixed() It returns the string that represents a number with exact digits after a decimal point

Exercise
Q.1 Fill in the blanks.
1. Server side script resides on server computer
2. Break statement is used to jump out of loop.
3. DOM defines logical structure of document
4. Closed property of window object returns Boolean value indicating whether window is closed or not
5. Onblur event occurs when an element looses its focus.

Q.2. State whether given statement is true or false


1. JavaScript is case sensitive language True
2. Math.ceil() function is used to return the nearest integer less than or equal to given number.
False
3. MAX_VALUE property of number object returns smallest possible value
False
4. getDay() method of Date object returns month in number False
5. onKeydown event occurs when user moves mouse pointer. Flase.

Q.3. Multiple choice questions. Select one correct answer.


1. JavaScript is---------------------- language.
a) Compiled b) Interpreted c) Both a and b d) None of the above
2. Select correct method name of String object------------------ --.
a) charAt() b) characterAt() c) valueAt() d) lengthAt()
3. ----------------- method displays message box with Ok and Cancel button.
a) Confirm() b) Alert() c) both a and b d) None of these
4. We can declare all types of variables using keyword ---------- --.

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a) var b) dim c) variable d) declare


5. Trace ouput of following JavaScript code.
var str="Information Technology";
document.write (str. lastIndexOf("o");
a) 18 b) 19 c) 20 d) 21

Q.4. Multiple choice questions. Select two correct answer


1. 1. Valid two methods of Date object are ---------------- and ----------- --.
a) setTime() b) getValidTime() c) getTime() d) setValidTime()
2. Properties of document object are ---------------- and -------------- --.
a) URL b) title c) name d)status
3. ---------- and ----------- are event / event handler used with text object in JavaScript.
a) onBlur b) onMove c) onFocus d) onAction

Q.5 Multiple choice questions. Select three correct answers.


1. Select three correct methods of window object----------------
a) write() b) alert() c) writeln() d) close() e) open() f) charAt()
2. JavaScript features are , and .
a) supports event based facilities b) is platform dependent language
c) case insensitive scripting language d) provide inbuilt objects
e) can handle date and time effectively f) requires special software to run
3. Inbuilt objects in JavaScript are -----------------, ---------------- and ------------ --.
a) Time b) Date c) Inheritance
d) Array e) Number f) function

Q.6 Explain the following.


1. What are similarities and differences between client side scripting and server side scripting
Ans:
• Server-side scripting is used at the backend, where the source code is not visible or hidden at the client
side (browser). On the other hand, clientside scripting is used at the frontend which users can see from
the browser. So Server-side scripting is more secure than client-side scripting.
• When a server-side script is processed it communicates to the server. As against, client-side scripting
does not need any server interaction

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• The client-side scripting language involves languages such as HTML5, JavaScript etc. In contrast,
programming languages such as PHP, ASP.net, Ruby, ColdFusion, Python, C# etc. are server side scripting
languages
• Server-side scripting is useful in customizing the web pages and implements the dynamic changes in the
websites. Conversely, the clientside scripts are generally used for validation purpose and effectively
minimize the load to the server.
• Special software (web server software) is required to execute server-side script, whereas client side
scripts requires web browser as an interface.
2. Briefly explain features of JavaScript.

• light weight
• it does not support all features of object oriented programming languages.
• No need of special software to run
• JavaScript is object oriented scripting language
• it supports event based programming facility.
• input validation
• handle date and time very effectively
• platform independent
• free(Open source)

3. Explain switch ........... case conditional statement in JavaScript with example.

Ans:
JavaScript has a built–in multiway decision statement known as Switch. The switch statement test the value of
given expression against a list of case values and when match is found, a block of statement associated with that
case is executed.

Eg:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<head><title>Javascript Program
</title></head>
<body>
<h1> use of switch case </h1>
<script type="text/javascript">
var day=6;
switch(day)

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{
case 1: alert("Monday"); break;
case 2: alert("Tuesday"); break;
case 3: alert("Wednesday"); break;
case 4:alert("Thursday"); break;
case 5: alert("Friday"); break;
case 6: alert("Saturday"); break;
case 7: alert("Sunday"); break;
default: alert("Invalid day");
}
</script></body></html>

Write event driven JavaScript program for the following


1. Display Addition, multiplication, division and remainder of two numbers, which were accepted from user
Ans: (Event driven)

<!DOCTYPE html>
<head>
<title>Q8 B sesction </title>
<script>
function addn()
{
var a,b;
a=parseInt(f1.t1.value);
b=parseInt(f1.t2.value);
document.write(a+b);
}

function mult()
{
var a,b;
a=parseInt(f1.t1.value);
b=parseInt(f1.t2.value);
document.write(a*b);
}
function div()
{
var a,b;

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a=parseInt(f1.t1.value);
b=parseInt(f1.t2.value);
document.write(a/b);
}
function rem()
{
var a,b;
a=parseInt(f1.t1.value);
b=parseInt(f1.t2.value);
document.write(a%b);
}

</script>
</head>
<body>
<form name="f1">
enter 1st number <input type="text" name="t1">
enter 2nd number <input type="text" name="t2">
<input type="button" value="+" onclick="addn()">
<input type="button" value="*" onclick="mult()">
<input type="button" value="/" onclick="div()">
<input type="button" value="%" onclick="rem()">
</form>
</body>
</html>

Ans(Not event driven)

<!DOCTYPE html>
<head>
<title>second method</title>
<script>
var a=parseInt(prompt("enter 1st number"));
var b=parseInt(prompt("enter 2st number"));
document.write("addition:"+ a+b);
document.write("multiplication:"+ a*b);
document.write("diviion:"+ a/b);
document.write("rem is :"+ a%b);

</script>
</head>

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<body>
</body>
</html>

2. Display number sequence from 100 to 150 in following format. (100 101 102 .............. 150)
Ans:( Event driven)

<!Doctype html>
<head>
<script>
function f1()
{
var a=100;
while(a<=150)
{document.writeln(a);
a++;
}
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<form>
<input type="button" value="print numbers" onclick="f1()">
</form>
</body>
</html>

Ans: (not Event driven)

<!Doctype html>
<head>
<script>
var a=100;
while(a<=150)
{document.writeln(a);
a++;
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
</body>

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</html>

3. Find and display factorial of given number


Ans: (Event driven)

<!Doctype html>
<head>
<script>
function f1()
{fact=1;
var a=parseInt(prompt("enter number"));
while(a>=1)
{
fact=fact*a;
a=a-1;
}
document.write(fact);
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<form>
<input type="button" value="print numbers" onclick="f1()">
</form>
</body>
</html>

Ans: (Not Event driven)

<!Doctype html>
<head>
<script>
fact=1;
var a=parseInt(prompt("enter number"));
while(a>=1)
{
fact=fact*a;
a=a-1;
}
document.write(fact);
</script>
</head>
<body>

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</body>
</html>

4. Accept any string from user and count and display number of vowels occurs in it

<!Doctype html>
<head>
<title></title>
<script>
function f1()
{var i,ch,c,a;
c=0;
a=prompt("enter string to count wowel");
for(i=0;i<=a.length;i++)
{
ch=a.charAt(i);
if(ch=="A" || ch=="a" || ch=="E" || ch=="e" || ch=="i" || ch=="I" || ch=="o" || ch=="O" || ch=="U"
||ch=="u" )
{c=c+1;}
}
document.write(c);
}
</script>
</head>
<form>
<input type="button" value="iske uuper mouse leke jao" onclick="f1()">
</form>
<body>
</body>
</html>

Ans: (Not Event driven)

<!Doctype html>
<head>
<title></title>
<script>
var i,ch,c,a;
c=0;
a=prompt("enter string to count wowel");
for(i=0;i<=a.length;i++)

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{
ch=a.charAt(i);
if(ch=="A" || ch=="a" || ch=="E" || ch=="e" || ch=="i" || ch=="I" || ch=="o" || ch=="O" || ch=="U"
||ch=="u" )
{c=c+1;}
}
document.write(c);
</script>
</head>

<body>
</body>
</html>

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Ch.4 Emerging Technologies

1. IoT full form is Internet of Things


2. Using IOT devices can communicate and interact over the Internet, and they can be remotely monitored and
controlled
3. IOT Advantages
• Efficient resource utilization
• Minimize human effort
• Time saving
• Time saving
• Enhance Data Collection
• Improve, security

4. IOT Disadvantages
• Privacy
• Complexity

5. Applications of IoT
• Smart lighting
• Smart thermostats
• Smart locks
• Smart security cameras
• Smart traffic signals

6. Cloud computing is a model for enabling, convenient on-demand network access to a shared pool of computing
resources like network, servers, storage, applications and services released with service provider interaction.
7. Models of Cloud computing
• Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
• Platform as a Service (PaaS)
• Software as a Service (SaaS)

8. IaaS gives users access to storage, networking, servers and other computing resources via the cloud.
9. Examples :of Iaas :
• Amazon web services (AWS) ec2,
• Microsoft Azure VM,
• Google Compute Engine (GCE)

10. instead of purchasing hardware outright, users pay for IaaS on demand
11. Using Iaas Enterprises saves the costs of buying and maintaining their own hardware.
12. Platform as a service (PaaS) A service provider offers access to a cloud-based environment in which users can
develop, manage and deliver applications.
13. PaaS provides a platform with tools to test, develop and host applications in the same environment.

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14. Using PaaS Providers manage security, operating systems, server software and backups
15. Software as a service (SaaS) A service provider delivers software and applications through the internet
16. SaaS vendors provide users with software and applications via a subscription model
17. Examples of SaaS
• Google's G suite,
• GitHub, SAP,
• Slack,
• Dropbox
18. cloud computing type are
• Public,
• Private
• Hybrid
19. Public cloud are more efficient and inexpensive than private and hybrid cloud solutions.
20. Examples of public cloud service provider
• Amazon AWS,
• Microsoft Azure,
• Google Cloud Platform

21. Private cloud solutions are preferred for enhanced security and privacy by the users.
22. Hybrid cloud environments combines both Public and Private cloud elements.
23. Hybrid cloud allows greater flexibility as compared to that of public and private cloud solutions.
24. Benefits of Cloud Computing
• Cost saving
• Reliable
• Mobility

25. 5G is the fifth generation of cellular network technology


26. 5G is the next generation of wireless communications
27. 5G provide Internet connections that are multiple times faster than 4G LTE
28. LTE full form is Long Term Evolution
29. 5G technology may use a variety of spectrum bands, including millimeter wave (mmWave) radio spectrum.
30. 5G can carry very large amounts of data at a short distance.
31. The drawback of the higher frequencies is that they are more easily obstructed by the walls of buildings, trees
and other folia
32. cellular networks, in which the service area covered by providers is divided into small geographical areas called
cells
33. 5G can support upto a million devices per square kilometer, compared to 4G.
34. Features of 5G are
• Ultra HD Videos
• Reduced Website Load time
• Reduced App Load time
• Multiple times Faster Than 4G
• IOT Based Applications
• High speed Data Transfer

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35. Applications of 5G
1) Online 5G Games. 2) Automated Vehicles. 3) Virtual Classrooms.
Exercise
Q.1 Fill in the blanks.

1. 1. IOT is Referred as Internet of Things


2. 2. Smart Home is the application of Internet of Things Technology.
3. Amazon is the Iaas service provider.

Q.2. Match the pair.

1) Smart city - IOT


2) Amazon web server - Cloud computing
3) PaaS - Platform as a Service
4) SaaS - Software as a Service

Q.3. State whether the given statement is True or False.

1. PaaS provides a platform with tools to test, develop and host applications in the same Environment.
True
2. Cloud computing means to store and access data and programs over the internet
True

Q.4 Explain the followings.

1. Give some applications of IOT

Ans:
• Smart lighting - Illumination of light is controlled on the basis of day light.
• Smart thermostats - Allows users to schedule, monitor and remotely control home temperatures.
• Smart locks and garage-door openers - Password based or facial recognition based doors and locks.
• Smart security cameras – Security cameras that can identify known and unknown person and raise alarm, in
case of security threat.
• Smart traffic signals – Signal that can adjust their timing to accommodate commutes and holiday traffic and
keep cars moving.

2. Explain in detail about cloud computing

Ans: Cloud computing is a model for enabling, convenient on-demand network access to a shared pool of computing
resources like network, servers, storage, applications and services released with service provider interaction.

There are three primary service models of cloud computing that are

• Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS),

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• Platform as a Service (PaaS),


• Software as a Service (SaaS).

3. Explain models of cloud computing

Ans:

• Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) IaaS gives users access to storage, networking, servers and other computing
resources via the cloud.
• Platform as a service (PaaS) A service provider offers access to a cloud-based environment in which users can
develop, manage and deliver applications. In addition to storage and other computing resources, users are able
to use a suite of prebuilt tools to develop, customize and test their own applications
• Software as a service (SaaS) A service provider delivers software and applications through the internet. Users
do not install applications on their local devices

4. Explain the concept of 5G


Ans:
• 5G is the fifth generation of cellular network technology.
• 5G is the next generation of wireless communications.
• It is expected to provide Internet connections that are multiple times faster than 4G LTE (Long Term
Evolution).
• 5G technology may use a variety of spectrum bands, including millimeter wave (mmWave) radio spectrum,
which can carry very large amounts of data at a short distance.
• The drawback of the higher frequencies is that they are more easily obstructed by the walls of buildings,
trees and other foliage, and even changes in the weather.
• 5G can support upto a million devices per square kilometer, compared to 4G.

Applications : 1) Online 5G Games. 2) Automated Vehicles. 3) Virtual Classrooms

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AAFREEN SHAIKH

CH5: Server-Side Scripting (PHP)

1. PHP full form is Hypertext Preprocessor


2. PHP is open source general-purpose scripting language
3. PHP is especially suited for web development and can be embedded into HTML.
4. PHP runs on various platforms (Linux, Unix, Mac OS X, Windows etc.)
5. PHP is compatible with almost all servers used today (For eg. XAMMP, Apache, NGINX, lighttpd)
6. PHP is free and one can download it
7. PHP runs efficiently on the server side.
8. A server is a computer system that serves as a central repository of data and programs and is shared by the
clients.
9. The server-side environment that runs a scripting language is termed web server.
10. PHP can create dynamic HTML pages. This HTML is then sent to the client bro
11. PHP is usually used to provide interactive web sites that interfaces with databases or other data stores on the
server.
12. Programming languages for server-side programming are :
1) PHP
2) Java and JSP
3) Python

13. For PHP You need to run the web server.


14. PHP hides the code from the user.
15. Features of PHP
• Simple
• Interpreted
• Faster
• Open Source(free)
• Platform Independent
• Error Reporting
• Real-Time Access Monitoring :
• Loosely Typed Language (variable usage without declaring its data type.)

16. PHP is case sensitive scripting language while declaration of variables


17. all keywords (e.g. if, else, while, echo, etc.) classes, functions, and user-defined functions are NOT case-sensitive
18. Php code write between <?php and ?>
19. php allows to embed HTML code within PHP code.

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20. All the PHP files have extension ".php".


21. A PHP script can be placed anywhere in the html document.
22. Note that 'echo' is used to display text on web page.
23. Laravel is used to build robust web application with MVC support.
24. Symfony : It is used for fast app development due to reusable components.
25. PHP, the variable names are case sensitive.
26. keywords (e.g. if, else, break, for, while, echo etc.), function and class names are case insensitive
27. Variable is a symbol or name that stands for a value.
28. Variables are used for storing values
29. Rules for declaring PHP Variable
• A variable starts with the $ sign,
• A variable name must start with a letter or the underscore character
• A variable name cannot start with a numbe
• A variable name can only contain alpha-numeric characters and underscores (A-z, 0-9, and _ )

30. There are three different variable scopes in PHP:


• local .
• global
• static
31. A variable declared outside a function has a GLOBAL SCOPE
32. variable declared within a function has a LOCAL SCOPE
33. We can access a global variable within a function using global"keyword
34. PHP also stores all global variables in an array called $GLOBALS[index]
35. When a function is executed, then all of its variables are deleted.
36. local variable not to be deleted then the use of "static"keyword i
37. PHP Data Types:
1) String
2) Integer
3) Float
4) Boolean
5) Array
6) NULL.

38. Control structures in PHP


a. If
b. If-else
c. Loop
39. Use of foreach loop works only on arrays,
40. Foreach is used to loop through each key/value pair in an array.
41. predefined string functions in PHP
• strlen() Returns the length of a string
• str_word_count() Counts the number of words in a string
• strrev() Reverses a string
• strpos() Searches for a specific text within a string

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• str_replace() Replaces some characters with some other characters in a string


• substr() Returns a part of a string
• strtolower() Converts a string to lowercase
• substr_count() Counts the number of times a substring occurs in a string
• ucwords() Converts the first character of each word in a string to uppercase
• trim() Removes whitespace both side

42. A string is series of characters.


43. A function is a block of statements that can be used repeatedly in a program.
44. PHP has many built-in functions that can be called directly to perform a specific task.
45. An array is a special variable, which can hold more than one value at a time.
46. An array stores multiple values in one single variable:
47. In PHP, the array() function is used to create an array.
48. In PHP, there are three types of arrays:
• Indexed arrays
• Associative arrays
• Multi-dimensional arrays
49. index always starts at 0
50. A function is a block of statements that can be used repeatedly in a program
51. Information can be passed to functions through arguments.
52. To let a function return a value, use the return statement:
53. The form data is sent with the HTTP POST or GET method
54. The PHP superglobals $_GET and $_POST are used to collect form-data.
55. $_GET is an array of variables passed via the URL parameters.
56. $_POST is an array of variables passed via the HTTP POST method.
57. Information sent from a form with the GET method is visible to everyone
58. all variable names and values are displayed in the URL in GET
59. GET also has limits on the amount of information to send.
60. GET also has limits on the amount of information to send.
61. GET should NEVER be used for sending passwords or other sensitive information
62. Information sent from a form with the POST method is invisible to everyone
63. POST has no limits on the amount of information to send.
64. POST supports multi-part binary input while uploading files to server
65. In Post The variables are not displayed in the URL so it is not possible to bookmark the page
66. Cookies : A cookie is a small text file that the server sends on the user's computer
67. Session : This is used to store user information on server to track user activites. I

Exercise
Q1 Fill in the blanks.
1. PHP is Server side scripting language
2. PHP is Interpreted language i.e. there is no need for compilation
3. A variable starts with $ sign followed by variable name
4. An ARRAY is a variable, which can hold more than one value at a time.

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5. Information can be passed to functions through Arguments

Q2. State True/False.


1. 1. PHP is platform dependent scripting language. False
2. $_POST is an array of variables passed via the URL parameter Flase
3. A Function is a block of statements that can be used repeatedly in a program. True
4. PHP cannot be embeded along with HTML tags False
5. GET should NEVER be used for sending sensitive information true

Q.3 Multiple Choice Question. (1 correct)


1. The program file of PHP have extension.
a) .asp b) .php c) .js d) .tx

2. A variable declared a function has global scope


. a) outside b) anywhere c) inside d) none.

3. The function returns a part of a string.


a) trim() b) ucwords() c) substr() d) strpos()

Q4. Multiple Choice Question. (2 correct)

1. The & are valid datatype in PHP.


a) Double b) Varchar c) Integer d) Array e) BigInt

2. Single line comment in PHP is possible using , .


a) // b) /* */ c) # d)<!--- e) $

Q5. Multiple Choice Question. (3 correct

1. 1. In PHP, three types of arrays are , , .


a) Indexed b) Simple c) Associative
d) Multidimensional e) Complex f) General

2. The scope of variable can be .


a) local b) global c) universal
d) static e) final f) outside

Q.6 Brief Questions.

1) Explain any two features of PHP?

Simple : It is very simple and easy to use, as compared to other scripting languages.
Interpreted : It is an interpreted language, i.e. there is no need for compilation. F
aster : It is faster than other scripting language e.g. JSP and ASP.

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Open Source : Open source means you need not pay for use of PHP. You can freely download and use.
Platform Independent : PHP code will be run on every platform, Linux, Unix, Mac OS X, Windows.
Case Sensitive :

2) What are the rules to declare variable in PHP?.


• A variable starts with the $ sign,
• A variable name must start with a letter or the underscore character
• A variable name cannot start with a numbe
• A variable name can only contain alpha-numeric characters and underscores (A-z, 0-9, and _ )

3) What is server side scripting?

A server is a computer system that serves as a central repository of data and programs and is shared by the clients. The
server-side environment that runs a scripting language is termed web server.

4) List the supported datatypes in PHP.

1) String
2) Integer
3) Float
4) Boolean
5) Array
6) NULL

5) Explain any two string manipulation function.

• strlen() Returns the length of a string


• str_word_count() Counts the number of words in a string
• strrev() Reverses a string
• strpos() Searches for a specific text within a string
• str_replace() Replaces some characters with some other characters in a string
• substr() Returns a part of a string
• strtolower() Converts a string to lowercase
• substr_count() Counts the number of times a substring occurs in a string
• ucwords() Converts the first character of each word in a string to uppercase
• trim() Removes whitespace both side

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