BIOHACK NOTES

MICROBES
IN HUMAN WELFARE

• Based on active recall and spaced repetition

• Target 360/360 in NEET Biology & 100/100 in Boards!
 DigaQ. 1 X
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• MICROBES IN HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTS

1. ______ are the proteinaceous infectious agents.

2. _______ bacteria is used for the production of curd. (NEET)
3. LAB full form -
4. Curd has more nutritional quality than milk because it has _____ (NEET)
5. LAB plays a very beneficial role in checking disease causing microbes. T/F
6. The puffed appearance of dough is due to -
7. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is also called - (2) (NEET)
8. _____ is a traditional drink in south india.
9. It is made by fermenting _____ from _____
10. Large holes are present in ______ cheese due to production of large amount of ______. (NEET)
11. Swiss cheese is formed by the bacteria ___________ (NEET)
12. _______ cheese is ripened by growing a specific fungi on them. (NEET)

• MICROBES IN INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS

13. Yeast is used to form beverages. T/F (NEET)

14. Ex. of beverages formed by yeast. (5)
15. What is Malt ?
16. Brewer's yeast is used to ferment _______and ______ to produce ethanol. (NEET)
17. Alcoholic drinks produced without distillation - (2)
18. Alcoholic drinks produced with distillation - (3)
19. ______ was the first antibiotic to be discovered. (NEET)
 DigaQ. 2
DigaQ. 3

20. _______ was working on _______ (bacteria), noticed that the bacteria was not able to grow
because of ________ (fungi). (NEET)
21. The full potential of penicillium as an antibiotic was established by two scientist namely -
22. The antibiotic was used to treat American soldiers wounded in World War I. T/F
23. Fleming, Chain and Florey were awarded the Nobel Prize in year ______
24. Kali khansi english name -
25. Diphtheria hindi name -
26. Kusht rog english name -
27. Aspergillus niger produce ______ acid. (NEET)
28. Acetobacter aceti is a bacterium/fungi. (NEET)
29. Acetobacter aceti produce ______ acid. (NEET)
30. ________ produce butyric acid. (NEET)
31. ________ produce lactic acid. (NEET)
32. Lipases are used in _______ and help in removing ______ from the laundry. (NEET)
33. Bottle juice are clarified using ______ and ______ (NEET)
34. ________ produced by Streptococcus is used as a ________ (NEET)
35. ______ is used as a immunosuppressive agent in organ-transplant patients. (NEET)
36. It is produced by fungus __________
37. Statin are produced by the bacteria/fungus _________ (NEET)
38. Statin competitively/non-competitively inhibit enzyme responsible for synthesis of cholesterol.

• MICROBES IN SEWAGE TREATMENT

39. Municipal waste water is also called ______

40. STP full form -
41. Treatment of waste water is done by autotrophic/
heterotrophic microbes naturally present in sewage.
42. Primary treatment means physical/chemical removal of particles through ______ and
_______ (NEET)
43. Floating debris is removed by ________ DigaQ. 4
44. Grit is removed by ________
45. All solids that settle form _______ and the
supernatant form ______
46. Secondary treatment is called chemical/biological
treatment. (NEET)
47. What are flocs ?
48. Flocs are mesh like. T/F
49. Define BOD (NEET)
50. BOD is a measure of ______ present in the water. (NEET)
51. "Flocs" when sediment form _______
52. The activated sludge is pumped into ______ and ______ (NEET)
53. In anaerobic sludge digester's bacteria produces gases- (3) (NEET)
54. Ministry of ______ and ______ has initiated 2 plans to save major rivers of our country.
Name the plans.

• MICROBES IN BIOGAS PRODUCTION,

AS BIOCONTROL AGENTS & BIOFERTILLISERS
55. Biogas predominantly contain ______ gas. (NEET)
56. Ex of methanogen - (1) (NEET)
57. Bacteria found in anaerobic sludge digesters -
58. Methanogens are present in (2) (NEET)
59. Biogas tank in ___-___ feet deep.
60. The technology of biogas production was developed in India mainly due to the efforts of _____
and _____
61. IARI and KVIC full form -
62. Beetle with red and black markings -
63. Ladybirds are useful to get rid of _____ (NEET)
64. Dragonflies are useful to get rid of _____ (NEET)
65. Butterfly caterpillars are controlled by the bacteria _________ (NEET)
66. ______ are effective biocontrol agents for several plant pathogens. (NEET)
67. Trichoderma are symbiotic/free-living fungi and very common
in shoot/root ecosystems. (NEET)
68. ________ are pathogens that attack insects
and other arthropods.
69. Majority of baculoviruses used as biological control agents are in the genus ____________ (NEET)
70. These viruses are excellent candidates for broad spectrum insecticidal application. T/F
71. These viruses have no negative impact on plants, mammals,birds. T/F
72. IPM full form -
73. The main sources of biofertilizers are - (3) (NEET)
74. Leguminous plant symbiotically associated with - (NEET)
75. Bacteria who fix nitrogen in free-living conditions are - (2) (NEET)
76. Members of genus _____ form mycorrhiza. (NEET)
77. Glomus is a genus of plant. T/F
78. In mycorrhiza, fungus absorb ______ and deliver it to plants.
79. Tolerance to salinity and drought can be brought up by mycorrhiza. T/F
80. Cyanobacteria are autotrophic/heterotrophic. (NEET)
81. Ex. of cyanobacteria who fix nitrogen - (3) (NEET)
82. In ______ fields, cyanobacteria serve as an important biofertilizer.

DigaQ. 5 D

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 MICROBES
IN HUMAN WELFARE

ANSWERS
• HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTS 28. Bacteria
1. Prions 29. Acetic
2. Lactobacillus 30. Clostridium butylicum
3. Lactic acid bacteria 31. Lactobacillus
4. Vitamin B₁₂ 32. Detergent formulations, oily stains
5. T 33. Pectinases, proteases
6. CO₂ 34. Streptokinase, clot buster
7. Baker's yeast and brewer's yeast 35. Cyclosporin A
8. Toddy 36. Trichoderma polysporum
9. Sap from palms 37. Fungus, Monascus purpureus
10. Swiss , CO₂ 38. Competitively
11. Propionibacterium sharmanii • SEWAGE TREATMENT
12. Roquefort 39. Sewage
• INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS 40. Sewage treatment plant
13. T 41. Heterotropic
14. wine, beer, whisky, brandy or rum 42. Physical, filtration and sedimentation
15. It is the germinated cereal grains that have been 43. Sequential filtration
dried in a process known as "Malting". 44. Sedimentation
The grains are made to germinate by soaking in 45. Primary sludge, effluent
water and are then halted from germinating 46. Biological
further by drying out. Malting grain develops the 47. masses of bacteria associated with fungal
enzyme required for modifying the grain's starch filaments
into various types of sugar. 48. T
16. Malted cereals and fruit juices 49. It refers to the amount of the oxygen that
17. Wine and beer would be consumed if all the organic matter in one
18. Whisky, brandy and rum liter of water were oxidised by bacteria.
19. Penicillin 50. Organic matter
20. Alexander Fleming, Staphylococci, Penicillium 51. Activated sludge
notatum 52. Aeration tanks, anaerobic sludge digesters
21. Ernest Chain and Howard Florey 53. Methane, hydrogen sulphide, carbon dioxide
22. F, in WWII 54. Environment and Forests, Plans - GAP - Ganga
23. 1945 Action Plan, YAP - Yamuna Action Plan
24. Whooping cough
25. Gal ghotu
26. Leprosy
27. Citric
• BIOGAS PRODUCTION, 79. T
BIOCONTROL & BIOFERTILLISERS 80. Autotrophic
55. Methane 81. Anabaena, Nostoc, Oscillatoria
56. Methanobacterium 82. paddy
57. Methanogens
58. Anaerobic sludge digesters and rumen of cattle • DigaQs
59. 10-15 DigaQ. 1 – Viruses
60. IARI & KVIC X – Bacteriophage
61. Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) & A – Head
Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) B – Collar
62. Ladybird C – Tail
63. Aphids D – Plate
64. Mosquitos E – Pins
65. Bacillus thuringiensis F – Prongs
66. Trichoderma Y – Rod-shaped TMV
67. Free-living, root A – Compact rod-shaped viruses
68. Baculoviruses DigaQ. 2 – Colonies of bacteria in a petri dish
69. Nucleopolyhedrovirus DigaQ. 3 – Fungal colony in a petri dish
70. F, narrow X – Fungal colony
71. T DigaQ. 4 – Secondary treatment
72. Integrated pest management DigaQ. 5 – Biogas plant
73. bacteria , fungi and cyanobacteria A – Dung
74. Rhizobium B – Water
75. Azotobacter and azospirillum C – Gas holder
76. Glomus D – Gas
77. F, a fungi E – Sludge
78. Phosphorus F – Digester

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