Scribd
Upload
69 views

M2 chapter 13 Introduction of Vectors (V 2021)

vectors

Uploaded by

tonynganty
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
69 views

M2 chapter 13 Introduction of Vectors (V 2021)

vectors

Uploaded by

tonynganty
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 13

5.

Related Proofs and Theorems

Point of Division
Remember what is the function of Position Vector???
→ We can describe any vectors on the same plane by choosing a reference point with one or
more position vectors!

Let A and B be two points with position vectors a and b with respect to O. If P is a point on the
line AB such that
AP : PB = m : n, where m and n are a real numbers, y
→
Then the vector 𝑂𝑃 is given by

x
Proof: O

Note that the above result can be proved without the use of the Cartesian coordinate plane.

If P is the mid-point of AB, then the formula becomes

M2 Chapter 13 Introduction of Vectors 23 @ HKDSE M2


Example 1
→ → → → →
P is a point on AB such that 𝐴𝑃 = 2 𝑃𝐵. If 𝑂𝐴= 4i + 6j and 𝑂𝐵= 3i –2 j , find 𝑂𝑃

Example 2
C and D are points on AB such that AC: CD: DB = 2 : 1 : 1. Express the following position
vectors in terms of i and j.
→ → y
a) 𝑂𝐶 b)𝑂𝐷
A (1,4)
C
× D
×
B (6,2)

O
x

M2 Chapter 13 Introduction of Vectors 24 @ HKDSE M2


Example 3
Two points A(−3 , 6 , −1) and B(7 , −4 , −11) are given.
(a) If M is the mid-point of AB, find the coordinates of M.
(b) If P is a point on AB such that AP : PB = 1 : 4, find the coordinates of P.

M2 Chapter 13 Introduction of Vectors 25 @ HKDSE M2


Example 4
→ →
Given 𝑶𝑨 = 5i – j, 𝑶𝑩 = -3i + 5 j, and APB is a straight line.

→ →
a) Find 𝑨𝑩 and |𝑨𝑩|

→ →
b) If |𝐴𝑃 |= 4, find 𝐴𝑃

[HKCEE 1992]

M2 Chapter 13 Introduction of Vectors 26 @ HKDSE M2


Example 5
In the figure, OADBECFG is a polyhedron with 6 parallelograms as its faces. P, Q and R are the mid-points
of OB, CF and DG respectively. Let ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐴 = 𝑎, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐵 = 𝑏 and ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐶 = 𝑐.

3
(a) Prove that ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑃 + ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑄 + ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑅 = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐺 .
2
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ + 𝑄𝑅
(b) If 𝑎 = 2𝑖 − 𝑗 + 3𝑘, 𝑏 = −𝑖 − 4𝑗 + 2𝑘 and 𝑐 = 7𝑖 + 3𝑗 − 9𝑘, find |2𝑃𝑄 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ + 3𝑂𝑃
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ |.

M2 Chapter 13 Introduction of Vectors 27 @ HKDSE M2


Example 6
In the figure, D and E are points on BC and AC respectively such that BD = 2DC and CE = 2EA. AD and
BE intersect at F. It is given that 𝐴𝐹: 𝐹𝐷 = 1: 𝑟 and 𝐵𝐹: 𝐹𝐸 = 𝑠: 1. a, b and c are the position vectors
of A, B and C respectively and they are not parallel to each other.

(a) (i) Express the position vector of F in terms of a, b, c and r.


(ii) Express the position vector of F in terms of a, b, c and s.
(b) Hence find the values of r and s.
(c) Let 𝑎 = 5𝑖 − 2𝑗, 𝑏 = −10𝑖 + 𝑗 and 𝑐 = 2𝑖 + 7𝑗.
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ and 𝐵𝐹
(i) Find 𝐴𝐹 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ .
𝐴𝐹 𝐸𝐹
(ii) Prove that 𝐵𝐹 = 𝐷𝐹. Hence, prove that AEF ~ BDF.
(iii) Are A, B, D and E concyclic? Explain your answer.

M2 Chapter 13 Introduction of Vectors 28 @ HKDSE M2


M2 Chapter 13 Introduction of Vectors 29 @ HKDSE M2
Theorem
Let u = a1i + b1j + c1k and v = a2i + b2j + c2k be two non-zero vectors, where a1, a2, b1, b2, c1 and
c2 are non-zero scalars.
(i) u=v ⇔ a1 = a2, b1 = b2 and c1 = c2.

(ii) u=0 ⇔ ________________________________

a1 b1 c1
(iii) ___________ ⇔ = = .
a2 b2 c2

Example 1
Three points A(6, −5, 3), B(4, −2, 2) and C(10, −11, 5) are given. Determine whether A, B and C are collinear.

Example 2
→
Three points A(1, m, n + 1), B(3, 2m + 1, 4n – 2) and C(7, 5m, 6n + 4) are given. If 𝐴𝐵 is

→
parallel to 𝐵𝐶 , find the values of m and n.

M2 Chapter 13 Introduction of Vectors 30 @ HKDSE M2


Example 3
In ABC, the position vectors of the vertices A, B and C are a = 7i − 4 j + 3k , b = −2i − 2 j − 6k
→
and c = 5i + j − 4k respectively. If BD is a median of ABC, find 𝐵𝐷.

Example 4
It is given that A(1, −1, −2) and B(1, 2, −6) are two end-points of a diameter of a sphere.
(a) Find the coordinates of the centre of the sphere.
(b) Find the radius of the sphere.
(c) Does C (2, 1, −2) lie inside or outside of the sphere? Explain your answer.

M2 Chapter 13 Introduction of Vectors 31 @ HKDSE M2


Example 5
Let a and b be the unit vectors of u and v respectively, where u = i − 2 j − 2k and v = −6i + 6 j − 7k .
It is given that a − b = (2 + 1)i − (3 − 1) j + (  + 2)k , find the values of ,  and .

M2 Chapter 13 Introduction of Vectors 32 @ HKDSE M2


M2 Chapter 13 Introduction of Vectors 33 @ HKDSE M2
Example 6
It is given that P(2, 3, 8) is a point on AB such that AP = 3PB. If the coordinates of A are
(−1, 6, 5), find the coordinates of B.

Example 7
It is given that A(5, 1, −2), B(−1, 3, −6) and C(4, 1, −1) are three points on a circle.
(a) Prove that ABC is a right-angled triangle.
(b) Find the coordinates of the centre of the circle.

M2 Chapter 13 Introduction of Vectors 34 @ HKDSE M2


Example 8
In ABC, D, E and F are points on AB, BC and AC respectively. AE, BF and CD intersect at G,
where G is the centroid of ABC. Let a, b, c and g be the position vectors of A, B, C and G
respectively.
1
(a) Prove that g = (a + b + c) .
3
(b) Hence prove that G is also the centroid of DEF.

M2 Chapter 13 Introduction of Vectors 35 @ HKDSE M2

You might also like