Zadatak 501 (Ivana, gimnazija)

3 3 2 2
Sredimo li izraz S = ( x − y ) + ( x + y ) + 3 ⋅ ( x − y ) ⋅ ( x + y ) + 3 ⋅ ( x + y ) ⋅ ( x − y ) , dobit
ćemo:
3 3 2 2
A. 8 ⋅ x B. 8 ⋅ y C. 8 ⋅ x ⋅ y D. 8 ⋅ x ⋅ y
Rješenje 501
Ponovimo!
3 3
( a − b ) = a 3 − 3 ⋅ a 2 ⋅ b + 3 ⋅ a ⋅ b 2 − b 3 , ( a + b ) = a 3 + 3 ⋅ a 2 ⋅ b + 3 ⋅ a ⋅ b 2 + b 3.
2 2
(a − b) = a 2 − 2 ⋅ a ⋅ b + b 2 , ( a + b) = a 2 + 2 ⋅ a ⋅ b + b 2 , ( a ⋅ b) = a n ⋅ b n.
n

Množenje zagrada
( a + b) ⋅ (c + d ) = a ⋅ c + a ⋅ d + b ⋅ c + b ⋅ d.
Zakon distribucije množenja prema zbrajanju.
a ⋅ (b + c) = a ⋅ b + a ⋅ c , a ⋅ b + a ⋅ c = a ⋅ (b + c ) .
1.inačica
3 3 2 2
S = ( x − y) + ( x + y) + 3⋅( x − y) ⋅( x + y) + 3⋅( x + y) ⋅( x − y) ⇒
3 2 2 3 3 2 2 3
⇒ S = x − 3⋅ x ⋅ y + 3⋅ x ⋅ y − y + x + 3⋅ x ⋅ y + 3⋅ x ⋅ y + y +
2 2
(
+ 3⋅ x −2⋅ x⋅ y + y )⋅( x + y) + 3⋅( x 2 + 2 ⋅ x ⋅ y + y 2 )⋅( x − y) ⇒
3 2 2 3 3 2 2 3
⇒ S = x − 3⋅ x ⋅ y + 3⋅ x ⋅ y − y + x + 3⋅ x ⋅ y + 3⋅ x ⋅ y + y +
3 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 3
( ) (
+ 3⋅ x + x ⋅ y − 2 ⋅ x ⋅ y − 2⋅ x ⋅ y + x ⋅ y + y + 3⋅ x − x ⋅ y + 2⋅ x ⋅ y − 2⋅ x ⋅ y + x ⋅ y − y )⇒
3 2 3 2
⇒ S = x + 3⋅ x ⋅ y + x + 3⋅ x ⋅ y +
3 2 2 3 3 2 2 3
( ) (
+ 3⋅ x − x ⋅ y − x ⋅ y + y + 3⋅ x + x ⋅ y − x ⋅ y − y )⇒
3 2 3 2
⇒ S = x + 3⋅ x ⋅ y + x + 3⋅ x ⋅ y +
3 2 2 3 3 2 2 3
+ 3⋅ x − 3⋅ x ⋅ y − 3⋅ x ⋅ y + 3⋅ y + 3⋅ x + 3⋅ x ⋅ y − 3⋅ x ⋅ y − 3⋅ y ⇒
3 2 3 2
⇒ S = x + 3⋅ x ⋅ y + x + 3⋅ x ⋅ y +
3 2 2 3 3 2 2 3
+ 3⋅ x − 3⋅ x ⋅ y − 3⋅ x ⋅ y + 3⋅ y + 3⋅ x + 3⋅ x ⋅ y − 3⋅ x ⋅ y − 3⋅ y ⇒
3 3 3 3 3
⇒ S = x + x + 3⋅ x + 3⋅ x ⇒ S = 8⋅ x .
Odgovor je pod A.
2.inačica
Zbog jednostavnosti uvedemo zamjene (supstitucije):
a = x − y , b = x + y.
3 3 2 2 a = x − y 
S = ( x − y) + ( x + y) + 3⋅( x − y) ⋅( x + y) + 3⋅( x + y) ⋅( x − y) ⇒   ⇒
b = x + y 
3 3 2 2 3 2 2 3
⇒ S = a + b + 3⋅ a ⋅b + 3⋅ b ⋅ a ⇒ S = a + 3⋅ a ⋅b + 3⋅ a ⋅ b + b ⇒

1
 3 a = x − y  3 3
⇒ S = (a + b) ⇒   ⇒ S = ( x − y + x + y) ⇒ S = ( x − y + x + y) ⇒
b = x + y 
3 3 3 3
⇒ S = (2 ⋅ x) ⇒ S = 2 ⋅ x ⇒ S = 8 ⋅ x .
Odgovor je pod A.
3.inačica
Zadani izraz preoblikujemo kako bismo odmah prepoznali formulu za kub zbroja.
3 3 2 2
S = ( x − y) + ( x + y) + 3⋅( x − y) ⋅( x + y) + 3⋅( x + y) ⋅( x − y) ⇒
3 2 2 3 3
⇒ S = ( x − y ) + 3 ⋅ ( x − y ) ⋅ ( x + y ) + 3 ⋅ ( x − y ) ⋅ ( x + y ) + ( x + y ) ⇒ S = ( ( x − y ) + ( x + y )) ⇒
3 3 3 3 3 3
⇒ S = ( x − y + x + y) ⇒ S = ( x − y + x + y) ⇒ S = (2 ⋅ x) ⇒ S = 2 ⋅ x ⇒ S = 8 ⋅ x .
Odgovor je pod A.
Vježba 501
3 3 2 2
Sredimo li izraz S = ( x − 1) + ( x + 1) + 3 ⋅ ( x − 1) ⋅ ( x + 1) + 3 ⋅ ( x + 1) ⋅ ( x − 1) , dobit
ćemo:
3 2
A. 8 ⋅ x B. 8 C. 8 ⋅ x D. 8 ⋅ x
Rezultat: A.

Zadatak 502 (Matija, ekonomska škola)

2
2 ⋅ x + 2 ⋅ x − 40
Prikaži izraz − 2 kao jedan razlomak koji je potpuno skraćen.
2
x − 25
Rješenje 502
Ponovimo!
n a c a ⋅d −b⋅c 2 2
n= , − = , a − b = ( a − b) ⋅ ( a + b).
1 b d b⋅d
Skratiti razlomak znači brojnik i nazivnik tog razlomka podijeliti istim brojem različitim od nule i
jedinice
a⋅n a
= , n ≠ 0 , n ≠ 1.
b⋅n b
Zakon distribucije množenja prema zbrajanju.
a ⋅ (b + c) = a ⋅ b + a ⋅ c
a ⋅ b + a ⋅ c = a ⋅ (b + c ) .
,
2 2
2
2 ⋅ x + 2 ⋅ x − 40
−2 =
2
2 ⋅ x + 2 ⋅ x − 40 2
− =
2 ⋅ x + 2 ⋅ x − 40 − 2 ⋅ x − 25
=
( )
2 2 1 2
x − 25 x − 25 x − 25
2 2 2 2
2⋅ x + 2 ⋅ x − 40 − 2 ⋅ x + 50 2⋅ x + 2 ⋅ x − 40 − 2 ⋅ x + 50 2 ⋅ x + 10
= = = =
2 2 2
x − 25 x − 25 x − 25
2 ⋅ ( x + 5) 2 ⋅ ( x + 5) 2
= = = .
( x − 5) ⋅ ( x + 5) ( x − 5) ⋅ ( x + 5) x −5

2
Vježba 502
2
2⋅ x + 2 ⋅ x − 40 2 ⋅ x − 2
Prikaži izraz − kao jedan razlomak koji je potpuno skraćen.
2 x −1
x − 25
2
Rezultat: .
x −5

Zadatak 503 (Zvonimir, srednja škola)

1 1 1 1 1
Ako je + = , koliko je + ?
a ⋅ ( b + 1) b ⋅ ( a + 1) ( a + 1) ⋅ ( b + 1) a b
Rješenje 503
Ponovimo!
a+b a b a c a ⋅d + b⋅c
= .
+ , + =
n n n b d b⋅d
Skratiti razlomak znači brojnik i nazivnik tog razlomka podijeliti istim brojem različitim od nule i
jedinice
a⋅n a
= , n ≠ 0 , n ≠ 1.
b⋅n b
Zakon distribucije množenja prema zbrajanju.
a ⋅ (b + c) = a ⋅ b + a ⋅ c , a ⋅ b + a ⋅ c = a ⋅ (b + c ) .
1.inačica
1 1 1 1 1 1
+ = ⇒ + = / ⋅ ( a + 1) ⋅ ( b + 1) ⇒
a ⋅ ( b + 1) b ⋅ ( a + 1) ( a + 1) ⋅ ( b + 1) a ⋅ ( b + 1) b ⋅ ( a + 1) ( a + 1) ⋅ ( b + 1)
a +1 b +1 a 1 b 1 a 1 b 1 1 1
⇒ + = 1 ⇒ + + + = 1 ⇒ + + + = 1 ⇒ 1+ +1+ = 1 ⇒
a b a a b b a a b b a b
1 1 1 1 1 1
⇒ 1+ +1+ =1 ⇒ +1+ =0 ⇒ + = − 1.
a b a b a b
2.inačica
1 1 1 b ⋅ ( a + 1) + a ⋅ ( b + 1) 1
+ = ⇒ = ⇒
a ⋅ ( b + 1) b ⋅ ( a + 1) ( a + 1) ⋅ ( b + 1) a ⋅ b ⋅ ( a + 1) ⋅ ( b + 1) ( a + 1) ⋅ ( b + 1)
a ⋅b + b + a ⋅b + a 1
⇒ = ⇒
a ⋅ b ⋅ ( a + 1) ⋅ ( b + 1) ( a + 1) ⋅ ( b + 1)
a ⋅b + b + a ⋅b + a 1 a ⋅b + b + a ⋅b + a
⇒ = / ⋅ ( a + 1) ⋅ ( b + 1) ⇒ =1 ⇒
a ⋅ b ⋅ ( a + 1) ⋅ ( b + 1) ( a + 1) ⋅ ( b + 1) a ⋅b
a⋅b b a ⋅b a a ⋅b b a ⋅b a 1 1
⇒ + + + =1 ⇒ + + + = 1 ⇒ 1+ +1+ =1 ⇒
a⋅b a ⋅b a ⋅b a ⋅b a ⋅b a ⋅b a ⋅b a ⋅b a b
1 1 1 1 1 1
⇒ 1+ +1+ =1 ⇒ +1+ =0 ⇒ + = − 1.
a b a b a b
Vježba 503
b a a⋅b 1 1
Ako je + = , koliko je + ?
b +1 a +1 ( a + 1) ⋅ ( b + 1) a b
Rezultat: – 1.

3
Zadatak 504 (Iva, hotelijerska škola)
2
Skrati razlomak
( 2 ⋅ a + 1) − 8 ⋅ a .
2
1− 4 ⋅ a
Rješenje 504
Ponovimo!
2 2
( a + b) = a 2 + 2 ⋅ a ⋅ b + b 2 , ( a − b) = a 2 − 2 ⋅ a ⋅ b + b 2 , a 2 − b 2 = ( a − b) ⋅ ( a + b) .
2 2
( a − b) = (b − a ) .
Skratiti razlomak znači brojnik i nazivnik tog razlomka podijeliti istim brojem različitim od nule i
jedinice
a⋅n a
= , n ≠ 0 , n ≠ 1.
b⋅n b
2 2
( 2 ⋅ a + 1) − 8 ⋅ a = 4 ⋅ a 2 + 4 ⋅ a + 1 − 8 ⋅ a = 4 ⋅ a 2 − 4 ⋅ a + 1 = ( 2 ⋅ a −1) =
2 2 2 2
1− 4 ⋅ a 1− 4⋅ a 1− 4 ⋅ a 1− 4 ⋅ a
2 2 2
(1− 2 ⋅ a) (1− 2 ⋅ a) (1− 2 ⋅ a) 1− 2 ⋅ a
= = = = .
2 (1 − 2 ⋅ a ) ⋅ (1 + 2 ⋅ a ) (1 − 2 ⋅ a ) ⋅ (1 + 2 ⋅ a ) 1 + 2 ⋅ a
1− 4⋅ a
Vježba 504
2
8 ⋅ a − ( 2 ⋅ a + 1)
Skrati razlomak .
2
4 ⋅ a −1
1− 2⋅ a
Rezultat: .
1+ 2⋅ a

Zadatak 505 (Avon, gimnazija)

−3
 2 1 
Što je rezultat sređivanja izraza 
 a −1
+ 
a + 1 
+ 3⋅ a −( )
a , za sve a za koje je izraz

definiran?
A. a ⋅ a −1 B. a −a C. a ⋅ a D. 2 ⋅ a
Rješenje 505
Ponovimo!
2 −n n
2 2 a c a⋅d +b⋅c a b
( )a =a , a −b = (a − b) ⋅ (a + b) ,
b
+
d
=
b⋅d
,  
b
=  .
a
3 3 2 2 3 n n 1
(a − b) = a −3⋅ a ⋅b + 3⋅ a ⋅b −b , ( a) = a , a = a.

n m n+m 2 a b a+b
a ⋅a =a , a ⋅b = a⋅ b , a . =a , a≥0 , + =
n n n
Skratiti razlomak znači brojnik i nazivnik tog razlomka podijeliti istim brojem različitim od nule i
jedinice
a⋅n a
= , n ≠ 0 , n ≠ 1.
b⋅n b
Zakon distribucije množenja prema zbrajanju.
a ⋅ (b + c) = a ⋅ b + a ⋅ c , a ⋅ b + a ⋅ c = a ⋅ (b + c ) .

4
 1.inačica
−3
−3  
 2 1   2 1 
 + 
a + 1 
(
+ 3⋅ a − a =  ) 2
+  + 3⋅ a − 3⋅ a=
 a −1  ( ) a −1
a +1
 
−3 −3
 2 1
  2+ a −1 
= +  + 3⋅ a − 3⋅ a =   + 3⋅ a − 3⋅ a=
 ( a −1 ⋅ )( a +1 ) a +1  ( a −1 ⋅ )( a +1  )
   
−3 −3
 a +1   a +1 
=  + 3⋅ a − 3⋅ a =   + 3⋅ a − 3⋅ a=
 ( a −1 ⋅ )( a +1  )  ( a −1 ⋅ )( a +1  )
   
−3
 1  3
=
 
a − 1 
+ 3⋅ a − 3⋅ a= ( a −1 ) + 3⋅ a − 3⋅ a=

3 2 2 3
= ( a) − 3⋅ ( a) ⋅1 + 3 ⋅ a ⋅1 −1 + 3 ⋅ a − 3 ⋅ a=

3 3
= a − 3⋅ a + 3⋅ a −1 + 3 ⋅ a − 3 ⋅ a= a − 3⋅ a + 3⋅ a −1 + 3 ⋅ a − 3 ⋅ a=

3 2 2
= a −1 = a ⋅ a −1 = a ⋅ a −1 = a ⋅ a − 1.
Odgovor je pod A.
2.inačica
−3 −3
 2 1   2 1 a −1 
 + 
a + 1 
(
+ 3⋅ a − a = 

+ ) ⋅
a − 1 
 + 3⋅ a − 3⋅ a=
 a −1  a −1 a +1
−3
  −3
 2 a −1   2 a −1 
+ 3⋅ a − 3⋅ a =  + 3⋅ a − 3⋅
 a − 1 a − 1 
= + + a=
a − 1 2 
 ( ) a −1   
 
−3 −3 3
 2 + a −1   a +1  a −1 
= + 3⋅ a − 3⋅ a =  + 3⋅ a − 3⋅ a =   + 3 ⋅ a − 3 ⋅ a =
 a − 1   a − 1  
     a +1
3 3
 2
( ) a −1   ( a −1 ⋅ )( a +1  )
 
=  + 3 ⋅ a − 3 ⋅ a = + 3⋅ a − 3⋅ a=
a +1   a +1 
  
 
3
 ( a −1 ⋅ )( a +1  ) 3
= + 3⋅ a − 3⋅ a= ( a −1 ) + 3⋅ a − 3⋅ a=
 a +1 
 
3 2 2 3
= ( a) − 3⋅ ( a) ⋅1 + 3 ⋅ a ⋅1 −1 + 3 ⋅ a − 3 ⋅ a=

3 3
= a − 3⋅ a + 3⋅ a −1 + 3 ⋅ a − 3 ⋅ a= a − 3⋅ a + 3⋅ a −1 + 3 ⋅ a − 3 ⋅ a=

5
 3 2 2
= a −1 = a ⋅ a −1 = a ⋅ a −1 = a ⋅ a − 1.
Odgovor je pod A.
Vježba 505
−3
 2 1 
Što je rezultat sređivanja izraza 
 a −1 + 
a + 1 
− 3⋅ ( )
a − a , za sve a za koje je izraz

definiran?
A. a ⋅ a −1 B. a −a C. a ⋅ a D. 2 ⋅ a
Rezultat: A.

Zadatak 506 (Viki, ekonomska škola)

Vrijednost izraza ( 5 −1 ⋅)( 5 + 2 ⋅ 3− )( )

5 je jednaka:

A. 1 B. 2 C. 5 D. 5 −1
Rješenje 506
Ponovimo!
Množenje zagrada
( a + b) ⋅ (c + d ) = a ⋅ c + a ⋅ d + b ⋅ c + b ⋅ d.
2 2 2
( a) =a , a −b = ( a − b) ⋅ ( a + b) .

 2 
( 5 −1 ⋅)( 5 + 2 ⋅ 3−)( 5 = ) 

( 5) + 2⋅ 5 − 5 − 2⋅ 3 −

( )
5 =

2 2
= (5 + 2 ⋅ 5− 5 −2 ⋅ 3− )( )
5 = (3 + 5 ) ⋅ (3 − 5 ) = 3 − ( 5) = 9 −5 = 4 = 2.

Odgovor je pod B.
Vježba 506
Vrijednost izraza ( 5 −2 ⋅)( 5 +3 ⋅ )( )
5 + 1 je jednaka:

A. 1 B. 2 C. 5 D. 5 −1
Rezultat: B.

Zadatak 507 (Sanja, gimnazija)

2+ 3+ 4
Pojednostavni .
2+ 3+ 6+ 8+4
Rješenje 507
Ponovimo!
2 2 2 n
a ⋅b = a⋅ b , ( a) =a , a −b = ( a − b) ⋅ ( a + b) , n=
1
.

Zakon distribucije množenja prema zbrajanju.

a ⋅ (b + c) = a ⋅ b + a ⋅ c , a ⋅ b + a ⋅ c = a ⋅ (b + c ) .
Skratiti razlomak znači brojnik i nazivnik tog razlomka podijeliti istim brojem različitim od nule i
jedinice

6
 a⋅n a
= , n ≠ 0 , n ≠ 1.
b⋅n b
2+ 3+ 4 2+ 3+ 4 2+ 3+ 4
= = =
2+ 3+ 6+ 8+4 2+ 3+ 6+ 8 +2+2 2+ 3+ 6+ 8+ 4+ 4

2+ 3+ 4 2+ 3+ 4
= = =
( 4+ 2 + ) ( 6+ 3 + ) ( 8+ 4 ) ( 2⋅2 + 2 +) ( 3⋅ 2 + 3 + ) ( 4⋅2 + 4 )
2+ 3+ 4
= =
( 2⋅ 2+ 2 + ) ( 3⋅ 2+ 3 + ) ( 4⋅ 2+ 4 )
2+ 3+ 4
= =
( 2⋅ 2+ 2 + ) ( 3⋅ 2+ 3 + ) ( 4⋅ 2+ 4 )
2+ 3+ 4 2+ 3+ 4
= = =
2⋅ ( 2 +1 +) 3⋅ ( 2 +1 + ) 4⋅ ( 2 +1 ) 2⋅ ( 2 +1 + ) 3⋅ ( 2 +1 + ) 4⋅ ( 2 +1 )
2+ 3+ 4 2+ 3+ 4 1  racionalizacija 
= = = = =
( )(
2 +1 ⋅ 2+ 3+ 4 ) ( 2 +1 ⋅ )( 2+ 3+ 4 ) 2 + 1  nazivnika 

1 2 −1 2 −1 2 −1 2 −1
= ⋅ = = = = 2 − 1.
2 +1 2 −1 2 2 −1 1
( ) 2 −1
Vježba 507
2+ 3
Pojednostavni .
2+ 3+ 4+ 6
Rezultat: 2 − 1.

Zadatak 508 (Branka, ekonomska škola)

2
2⋅ a − a ⋅b + 2⋅ a −b
Skratite razlomak .
2 2
4⋅a −b
Rješenje 508
Ponovimo!
2 2 1 m n
a − b = ( a − b) ⋅ ( a + b) , a = a , (a n ) =a
n⋅m
, (a ⋅ b) =a
n n
⋅b .
Zakon distribucije množenja prema zbrajanju.
a ⋅ (b + c) = a ⋅ b + a ⋅ c , a ⋅ b + a ⋅ c = a ⋅ (b + c ) .
1.inačica

2⋅a
2
− a ⋅b + 2⋅ a −b
=
(2 ⋅ a 2 − a ⋅ b) + (2 ⋅ a − b) = a ⋅ (2 ⋅ a − b) + (2 ⋅ a − b) =
2 2 2
4⋅a −b (2 ⋅ a) − b 2 (2 ⋅ a − b) ⋅ ( 2 ⋅ a + b)
a ⋅ (2 ⋅ a − b) + (2 ⋅ a − b) ( 2 ⋅ a − b ) ⋅ ( a + 1) = ( 2 ⋅ a − b ) ⋅ ( a + 1) = a + 1 .
= =
( 2 ⋅ a − b) ⋅ ( 2 ⋅ a + b) ( 2 ⋅ a − b) ⋅ ( 2 ⋅ a + b) ( 2 ⋅ a − b) ⋅ ( 2 ⋅ a + b) 2 ⋅ a + b

7
 2.inačica

2⋅a
2
− a ⋅b + 2⋅ a −b
=
( 2 ⋅ a 2 + 2 ⋅ a ) + ( − a ⋅ b − b ) = 2 ⋅ a ⋅ ( a + 1) − b ⋅ ( a + 1) =
2 2 2
4⋅a −b (2 ⋅ a) − b 2 (2 ⋅ a − b) ⋅ (2 ⋅ a + b)
2 ⋅ a ⋅ ( a + 1) − b ⋅ ( a + 1) ( a + 1) ⋅ ( 2 ⋅ a − b ) ( a + 1) ⋅ ( 2 ⋅ a − b ) a +1
= = = = .
( 2 ⋅ a − b) ⋅ ( 2 ⋅ a + b) ( 2 ⋅ a − b) ⋅ ( 2 ⋅ a + b) ( 2 ⋅ a − b) ⋅ ( 2 ⋅ a + b) 2 ⋅ a + b
Vježba 508
2
a ⋅b + b − 2⋅ a − 2⋅ a
Skratite razlomak .
2 2
b −4⋅a
a +1
Rezultat: .
2⋅a + b

Zadatak 509 (Ana, hotelijerska škola)

Koji je brojnik do kraja pojednostavljenoga i skraćenoga algebarskog izraza
2
1 x −2⋅ x 3
⋅ + ?
2 ⋅ x −1 2 x −3
x
A. x − 1 B. − 2 C. 2 ⋅ x + 3 D. 4 ⋅ x − 3
Rješenje 509
Ponovimo!
a c a ⋅c a c a⋅d +b⋅c
⋅ = , + = .
b d b⋅d b d b⋅d
Zakon distribucije množenja prema zbrajanju.
a ⋅ (b + c) = a ⋅ b + a ⋅ c , a ⋅ b + a ⋅ c = a ⋅ (b + c ) .
Skratiti razlomak znači brojnik i nazivnik tog razlomka podijeliti istim brojem različitim od nule i
jedinice
a⋅n a
= , n ≠ 0 , n ≠ 1.
b⋅n b
2
1 x −2⋅ x 3 1 − x ⋅ ( 2 ⋅ x − 1) 3 1 − x ⋅ ( 2 ⋅ x − 1) 3
⋅ + = ⋅ + = ⋅ + =
2 ⋅ x −1 2 x − 3 2 ⋅ x −1 2 x − 3 2 ⋅ x −1 2 x −3
x x x
1 − 1 ⋅1 3 −1 3 − 1 ⋅ ( x − 3) + 3 ⋅ x − x + 3 + 3 ⋅ x 2⋅ x + 3 2⋅ x + 3
= ⋅ + = + = = = = .
1 x x −3 x x −3 x ⋅ ( x − 3) x ⋅ ( x − 3) x ⋅ ( x − 3) x ⋅ ( x − 3)
Odgovor je pod C.
Vježba 509
Koji je brojnik do kraja pojednostavljenoga i skraćenoga algebarskog izraza
2
1 x −2⋅ x 3
⋅ + ?
1− 2⋅ x 2 x −3
x
A. x − 1 B. − 2 C. 2 ⋅ x + 3 D. 4 ⋅ x − 3
Rezultat: D.

8
Zadatak 510 (Maturant, jezična gimnazija)
Ako je ( 4 ⋅ x − 3) ⋅ ( 2 ⋅ x − 1) = 5, koliko je ( x − 1) ⋅ ( 4 ⋅ x − 1) ?
A. 1.5 B. 2 C. 2.5 D. 3
Rješenje 510
Ponovimo!
1 n m n+m
a =a , a ⋅a =a .
Množenje zagrada
( a + b) ⋅ (c + d ) = a ⋅ c + a ⋅ d + b ⋅ c + b ⋅ d.
Zakon distribucije množenja prema zbrajanju.
a ⋅ (b + c ) = a ⋅ b + a ⋅ c , a ⋅ b + a ⋅ c = a ⋅ (b + c ) .
Proširiti razlomak znači brojnik i nazivnik tog razlomka pomnožiti istim brojem različitim od nule i
jedinice
a a⋅n
= , n ≠ 0 , n ≠ 1.
b b⋅n
Skratiti razlomak znači brojnik i nazivnik tog razlomka podijeliti istim brojem različitim od nule i
jedinice
a⋅n a
= , n ≠ 0 , n ≠ 1.
b⋅n b
1.inačica
Preoblikujemo zadanu jednadžbu.
( 4 ⋅ x − 3) ⋅ ( 2 ⋅ x −1) = 5 ⇒ 8 ⋅ x 2 − 4 ⋅ x − 6 ⋅ x + 3 = 5 ⇒ 8 ⋅ x 2 −10 ⋅ x + 3 = 5 ⇒
2 2 2 2
⇒ 8⋅ x − 10 ⋅ x = 5 − 3 ⇒ 8 ⋅ x − 10 ⋅ x = 2 ⇒ 8 ⋅ x − 10 ⋅ x = 2 / : 2 ⇒ 4 ⋅ x −5⋅ x =1 ⇒
 metoda  2 2
⇒ 
 grupiranja  ⇒ 4 ⋅ x − x − 4 ⋅ x + 1 − 1 = 1 ⇒ 4 ⋅ x − x + ( − 4 ⋅ x + 1) − 1 = 1 ⇒

( )
2 2
(
⇒ 4⋅ x )
− x + ( − 4 ⋅ x + 1) = 1 + 1 ⇒ 4 ⋅ x ( )
− x + ( − 4 ⋅ x + 1) = 2 ⇒ x ⋅ ( 4 ⋅ x − 1) − ( 4 ⋅ x − 1) = 2 ⇒

⇒ x ⋅ ( 4 ⋅ x − 1) − ( 4 ⋅ x − 1) = 2 ⇒ ( 4 ⋅ x − 1) ⋅ ( x − 1) = 2 ⇒ ( x −1) ⋅ ( 4 ⋅ x −1) = 2.
Odgovor je pod B.
2.inačica
Preoblikujemo izraz ( x − 1) ⋅ ( 4 ⋅ x − 1) :
2
( x − 1) ⋅ ( 4 ⋅ x − 1) =
2 ⋅ ( x − 1) ⋅ ( 4 ⋅ x − 1)
=
(
2⋅ 4⋅ x − x − 4 ⋅ x +1 ) = 2 ⋅ ( 4 ⋅ x 2 − 5 ⋅ x + 1) =
2 2 2
2
=
8⋅ x
2
− 10 ⋅ x + 2
= =
2
=
(
 metoda  8 ⋅ x − 4 ⋅ x − 6 ⋅ x + 3 − 3 + 2 8 ⋅ x − 4 ⋅ x + ( − 6 ⋅ x + 3) − 3 + 2
=
)

2 grupiranja  2 2
4 ⋅ x ⋅ ( 2 ⋅ x − 1) − 3 ⋅ ( 2 ⋅ x − 1) − 1 4 ⋅ x ⋅ ( 2 ⋅ x − 1) − 3 ⋅ ( 2 ⋅ x − 1) − 1 ( 2 ⋅ x − 1) ⋅ ( 4 ⋅ x − 3) − 1 =
= = =
2 2 2
( 4 ⋅ x − 3) ⋅ ( 2 ⋅ x − 1) − 1 =  uvjet  5 −1 4 4
= = = 2.
=  =
2 ( 4 ⋅ x − 3) ⋅ ( 2 ⋅ x − 1) = 5 2 2 2
Odgovor je pod B.

9
Vježba 510
Ako je ( 3 − 4 ⋅ x ) ⋅ (1 − 2 ⋅ x ) = 5, koliko je (1 − x ) ⋅ (1 − 4 ⋅ x ) ?
A. 1.5 B. 2 C . 2.5 D. 3
Rezultat: B.

Zadatak 511 (Maturant, jezična gimnazija)

2 2 2
Nejednakost ( a − b ) ≤ a + b ispunjena je ako i samo ako je:
A. a ≤ b B. a + b ≥ 0 C. a ⋅ b ≥ 0 D. a ≥ b
Rješenje 511
Ponovimo!
2 2 2 a b
( x − y) =x −2⋅ x⋅ y + y , a≤b , n<0 ⇒ ≥ .
n n
Preoblikujemo nejednakost.
2
(a − b) ≤ a 2 + b 2 ⇒ a 2 − 2 ⋅ a ⋅ b + b 2 ≤ a 2 + b 2 ⇒ a 2 − 2 ⋅ a ⋅ b + b 2 ≤ a 2 + b 2 ⇒
⇒ − 2 ⋅ a ⋅ b ≤ 0 ⇒ − 2 ⋅ a ⋅ b ≤ 0 / : ( − 2 ) ⇒ a ⋅ b ≥ 0.
Odgovor je pod C.
Vježba 511
2 2 2
Nejednakost ( a + b ) ≤ a + b ispunjena je ako i samo ako je:
A. a ≤ b B. a ⋅ b ≤ 0 C. a − b ≥ 0 D. a ≥ b
Rezultat: B.

Zadatak 512 (Maturant, jezična gimnazija)

a+b a −b 1 a b
Ako je − = , onda je − jednako :
a −b a+b 2 b a
1 1
A. B. 2 C. D. 8
4 2
Rješenje 512
Ponovimo!
2 2 a c a⋅d −b⋅c 2 2 2
x −y = ( x − y)⋅( x + y) , − = , ( x + y) =x + 2⋅ x⋅ y + y .
b d b⋅d
2 2 2 a c b d a −b a b n
( x − y) =x −2⋅ x⋅ y + y , = ⇒ . = , = − , n=
b d a c n n n 1
Zakon distribucije množenja prema zbrajanju.
a ⋅ (b + c ) = a ⋅ b + a ⋅ c , a ⋅ b + a ⋅ c = a ⋅ (b + c ) .
Skratiti razlomak znači brojnik i nazivnik tog razlomka podijeliti istim brojem različitim od nule i
jedinice
a⋅n a
= , n ≠ 0 , n ≠ 1.
b⋅n b
Preoblikujemo zadanu jednakost.
2 2 2 2
a + b a −b 1
− = ⇒
(
2
a + b) − (a − b)
2
= ⇒
1
a + 2⋅ a ⋅b + b − a − 2⋅ a ⋅b + b
1
= ⇒
( )
a −b a + b 2 ( a − b) ⋅ ( a + b) 2 2 2 2
a −b

10
 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
a + 2⋅ a ⋅b + b −a + 2⋅ a ⋅b −b 1 a + 2⋅ a ⋅b + b −a + 2⋅a ⋅b −b 1
⇒ = ⇒ = ⇒
2 2 2 2 2 2
a −b a −b
2 2 2 2
2⋅ a ⋅b + 2⋅ a ⋅b 1 4⋅a ⋅b 1 a −b 2 a −b
⇒ = ⇒ = ⇒ = ⇒ =2 ⇒
2 2 2 2 2 2 4⋅a⋅b 1 4⋅ a ⋅b
a −b a −b
2 2 2 2 2 2
a −b a −b a b
⇒ = 2 /⋅ 4 ⇒ =8 ⇒ − =8 ⇒
4⋅ a ⋅b a ⋅b a ⋅b a⋅b
2 2
a b a b
⇒ − =8 ⇒ − = 8.
a ⋅b a ⋅b b a
Odgovor je pod D.
Vježba 512
a + b a −b 1 a b
Ako je − = , onda je − jednako :
a −b a + b 2 b a
1 1
A. B. 4 C. 2 D.
4 2
Rezultat: B.

Zadatak 513 (Maturant, jezična gimnazija)

m n −1 m −1 n
2 ⋅3 −2 ⋅3
Za svaku vrijednost od m i n vrijednost razlomka m n jednaka je:
2 ⋅3
1 1 1
A. B. C. 1 D. −
12 36 6
Rješenje 513
Ponovimo!
n m n+m −n 1 1 a c a ⋅d −b⋅c
a ⋅a = a , a = n , a =a , − = .
a b d b⋅d
Zakon distribucije množenja prema zbrajanju.
a ⋅ (b + c ) = a ⋅ b + a ⋅ c , a ⋅ b + a ⋅ c = a ⋅ (b + c ) .
Skratiti razlomak znači brojnik i nazivnik tog razlomka podijeliti istim brojem različitim od nule i
jedinice
a⋅n a
= , n ≠ 0 , n ≠ 1.
b⋅n b
m n −1 m −1 n m n −1 m −1 n m n −1 m −1 n
2 ⋅3 −2 ⋅3 2 ⋅3 ⋅3 − 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅3 2 ⋅3 ⋅3 − 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅3
m n = m n = m n =
2 ⋅3 2 ⋅3 2 ⋅3
−1 −1
=
2
m n −1
⋅3 ⋅3
m n −1
− 2 ⋅3 ⋅ 2
=
m n −1 m n −1 2
2 ⋅3 ⋅3 − 2 ⋅3 ⋅ 2
=
m n
(
⋅3 ⋅ 3 − 2 )=
m n m n m n
2 ⋅3 2 ⋅3 2 ⋅3
−1 −1
=
2
m n
⋅3 ⋅ 3 − 2( ) = 3 −1 − 2 −1 = 1 − 1 = 2 − 3 = − 1 .
m n
2 ⋅3 3 2 6 6
Odgovor je pod D.

11
Vježba 513
m −1 n m n −1
2 ⋅3 − 2 ⋅3
Za svaku vrijednost od m i n vrijednost razlomka m n jednaka je:
2 ⋅3
1 1 1
A. B. C. 1 D.
12 36 6
Rezultat: D.

Zadatak 514 (Hanna, ekonomska škola)

n n −1 n −1 n
5 ⋅2 −5 ⋅2
Skrati razlomak .
n +1
10
Rješenje 514
Ponovimo!
n m n+m n n n 1 n
a ⋅a = a , a ⋅ b = (a ⋅ b) , a =a , n= .
1
a
−n 1 a c a ⋅d −b⋅c b = a⋅d .
a = n , − = ,
a b d b⋅d c b⋅c
d
Zakon distribucije množenja prema zbrajanju.
a ⋅ (b + c ) = a ⋅ b + a ⋅ c , a ⋅ b + a ⋅ c = a ⋅ (b + c ) .
Skratiti razlomak znači brojnik i nazivnik tog razlomka podijeliti istim brojem različitim od nule i
jedinice
a⋅n a
= , n ≠ 0 , n ≠ 1.
b⋅n b
n n −1 n −1 n n n −1 n −1 n n n −1 n n −1
5 ⋅2 −5 ⋅2 5 ⋅2 ⋅2 −5 ⋅5 ⋅ 2 5 ⋅2 ⋅2 −5 ⋅2 ⋅5
= = n =
n +1 n 1 10 ⋅ 10
10 10 ⋅ 10
n −1 n −1 n −1 n −1 n −1 n −1
=
( 5 ⋅ 2) ⋅ 2 − (5 ⋅ 2) ⋅ 5
=
10 ⋅ 2 − 10 ⋅ 5
=
10 ⋅ 2 − 10 ⋅ 5
=
n n n
10 ⋅10 10 ⋅10 10 ⋅ 10

=
n
(
10 ⋅ 2
−1
−5
−1
) = 10 n ⋅ ( 2 −1 − 5 −1 ) = 2 −1 − 5 −1 = 12 − 15 = 510− 2 = 103 = 103 = 3
.
n n 10
10 ⋅ 10 10 ⋅10 10 10 10 10 100
1
Vježba 514
n n −1 n −1 n
5 ⋅2 −5 ⋅2
Skrati razlomak n .
10
3
Rezultat: .
10

Zadatak 515 (Lidija, gimnazija)

1 1 1  b⋅c a ⋅c a⋅b
Dokazati implikaciju  + + = 0 i a ⋅b ⋅c ≠ 0 ⇒ + + = 3.
a b c  2 2 2
a b c
Rješenje 515
Ponovimo!

12
 n n
3 3 3 3 2 2 3 a a
a=b ⇒ a =b , (a + b) = a + 3⋅ a ⋅ b + 3⋅ a ⋅b +b ,   = n.
b b
n
a c a⋅c 1 a a ⋅c a n−m
⋅ = , a =a , ⋅c = , m =a .
b d b⋅d b b a
Zakon distribucije množenja prema zbrajanju.
a ⋅ (b + c ) = a ⋅ b + a ⋅ c , a ⋅ b + a ⋅ c = a ⋅ (b + c ) .
Skratiti razlomak znači brojnik i nazivnik tog razlomka podijeliti istim brojem različitim od nule i
jedinice
a⋅n a
= , n ≠ 0 , n ≠ 1.
b⋅n b
Preoblikujemo zadanu jednakost.
3 3
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1  1
+ + = 0 ⇒ + = − ⇒ + = − / ⇒  +  = −  ⇒
a b c a b c a b c a b  c
3 2 2 3 3
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
⇒   + 3⋅  ⋅ + 3⋅ ⋅  +   = −   ⇒
a a b a b b c
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 1
⇒ + 3⋅ ⋅ + 3⋅ ⋅ + =− ⇒ + + + =− ⇒
3 2 b a b 2 3 3 3 2 2 3 3
a a b c a a ⋅b a ⋅b b c
1 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 3 3
⇒ + + =− − ⇒ + + =− − /⋅ a⋅b⋅c ⇒
3 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 2 2
a b c a ⋅b a ⋅b a b c a ⋅b a ⋅b
a ⋅b⋅c a ⋅b ⋅c a ⋅b ⋅c 3⋅ a ⋅b ⋅ c 3⋅ a ⋅b ⋅ c
⇒ + + =− − ⇒
3 3 3 2 2
a b c a ⋅b a ⋅b
a ⋅b⋅c a⋅b⋅c a⋅b⋅c 3⋅ a ⋅b ⋅ c 3⋅ a ⋅b ⋅c b⋅c a⋅c a⋅b 3⋅ c 3⋅ c
⇒ + + =− − ⇒ + + =− − ⇒
3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 a b
a b c a ⋅b a⋅b a b c
b ⋅c a ⋅c a ⋅b 1 1 1 1 1
⇒ + + = −3⋅ c ⋅ +  ⇒  + = −  ⇒
2 2 2 a b a b c
a b c
b ⋅c a ⋅c a ⋅b  1 b ⋅c a ⋅c a ⋅b  1
⇒ + + = −3⋅ c ⋅ −  ⇒ + + = −3⋅ c ⋅ −  ⇒
2 2 2  c 2 2 2  c
a b c a b c
b⋅c a ⋅c a ⋅b
⇒ + + = 3.
2 2 2
a b c
Vježba 515
 a ⋅b + a ⋅c + b ⋅c  b⋅c a ⋅c a ⋅b
Dokazati implikaciju  = 0 i a ⋅ b ⋅ c ≠ 0 ⇒ + + = 3.
 a ⋅b ⋅c  2 2 2
a b c
Rezultat: Dokaz analogan.

Zadatak 516 (BMX, gimnazija)

Broj 100 napišite u obliku umnoška od sedam jednakih faktora.
Rješenje 516
Ponovimo!
n n 1 n
( )
a = a , a = a , a ⋅ a ⋅ a ⋅ ... ⋅ a = a .
n − puta

13
 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
100 = ( 100 ) = 100 ⋅ 100 ⋅ 100 ⋅ 100 ⋅ 100 ⋅ 100 ⋅ 100.
Vježba 516
Broj 10 napišite u obliku umnoška od pet jednakih faktora.
5 5 5 5 5
Rezultat: 10 ⋅ 10 ⋅ 10 ⋅ 10 ⋅ 10.

Zadatak 517 (BMX, gimnazija)

− 3⋅ 2
 2
Pojednostavnite izraz 
 ( 2)  .
 
Rješenje 517
Ponovimo!
n m n⋅m 1 n m n+m 2 −n 1
( )
a =a , a =a , a ⋅a =a , ( a) =a , a =
a
n.
m n m n⋅ p m⋅ p n m
(n a ) = a , a = a .
1.inačica
− 3⋅ 2 2 −3
 2 − 3 ⋅  2  − 3⋅ 2  2 −3 1 1
 ( 2)  = ( 2)   = ( 2) =

( 2) 

=2 = = .
3 8
  2
2.inačica
− 3⋅ 2 2
 2 − 3 ⋅  2  − 3⋅ 2 −6 1 1 1 1
 ( 2)  = ( 2)   = ( 2) = ( 2) =
6
=
6
= = .
3 8
  ( 2) 2 2

Vježba 517
− 2
 2
Pojednostavnite izraz 
 ( 2)  .
 
1
Rezultat: .
2

Zadatak 518 (Helena, gimnazija)

Pojednostavnite izraz a +1+ 2⋅ a+ a +1− 2 ⋅ a , a ≥ 1.
Rješenje 518
Ponovimo!
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
x =x ( ) , ( a + b) =a + 2⋅ a ⋅b + b , (a − b) =a − 2⋅ a ⋅b + b .
2 2 2 n n n
x =x , x≥0 , a −b = (a − b) ⋅ (a + b) , (a ⋅ b) =a ⋅b , a ⋅b = a ⋅ b.
Zakon distribucije množenja prema zbrajanju.
a ⋅ (b + c) = a ⋅ b + a ⋅ c , a ⋅ b + a ⋅ c = a ⋅ (b + c ) .
1.inačica

a +1+ 2 ⋅ a+ a +1− 2 ⋅ a = a + 2⋅ a +1 + a −2⋅ a +1 =

14
 2 2 2 2
= ( a) + 2⋅ a +1 + ( a) −2⋅ a +1 = ( a +1 ) + ( a −1 ) =

= a +1+ a −1 = a +1+ a −1 = 2 ⋅ a.
2.inačica
Zadani izraz označimo slovom x.
 kvadriramo 
a +1+ 2⋅ a+ a +1− 2 ⋅ a =x ⇒   ⇒
 jednakost 
2 2
⇒ a +1+ 2⋅ a+ a +1− 2 ⋅ a =x /2 ⇒ ( a +1+ 2 ⋅ a+ a +1− 2 ⋅ a ) =x ⇒

2 2 2
⇒ ( a +1+ 2 ⋅ a ) + 2⋅ a +1+ 2⋅ a⋅ a +1− 2 ⋅ a+ ( a +1− 2⋅ a ) =x ⇒

⇒ a +1+ 2⋅ a + 2⋅ (a +1+ 2 ⋅ a ) ⋅ (a +1− 2 ⋅ a ) + a +1− 2 ⋅ a = x 2 ⇒

⇒ a +1+ 2 ⋅ a + 2⋅ (( a + 1) + 2 ⋅ a ) ⋅ (( a + 1) − 2 ⋅ a ) + a + 1 − 2 ⋅ a = x 2 ⇒
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
⇒ a +1+ 2⋅ ( a + 1) (
− 2⋅ a ) + a +1 = x ⇒ 2⋅a + 2 + 2⋅ a + 2 ⋅ a +1− 2 ⋅ ( a) =x ⇒

2 2 2 2
⇒ 2⋅a + 2 + 2⋅ a + 2 ⋅ a +1− 4 ⋅ a = x ⇒ 2⋅a + 2 + 2⋅ a − 2⋅ a +1 = x ⇒
2 2 2
⇒ 2⋅a + 2+ 2⋅ ( a −1) =x ⇒ 2 ⋅ a + 2 + 2 ⋅ ( a − 1) = x ⇒

2 2 2
⇒ 2⋅a + 2+ 2⋅a −2 = x ⇒ 2⋅a + 2 + 2⋅ a −2 = x ⇒ 4⋅a = x ⇒
2 2
⇒ x = 4⋅a ⇒ x = 4⋅a / ⇒ x= 4⋅a ⇒ x = 4⋅ a ⇒ x = 2⋅ a.
Vježba 518
Pojednostavnite izraz a +1+ 2 ⋅ a− a +1− 2 ⋅ a , a ≥ 1.
Rezultat: 2.

Zadatak 519 (Anita, medicinska škola)

Izrazite a iz formule p = a ⋅ b + 2 ⋅ ( a + b ) ⋅ v.
Rješenje 519
Ponovimo!
a = b ⇒ b = a.
Zakon distribucije množenja prema zbrajanju.
a ⋅ (b + c) = a ⋅ b + a ⋅ c , a ⋅ b + a ⋅ c = a ⋅ (b + c ) .
p = a ⋅ b + 2 ⋅ ( a + b) ⋅ v ⇒ a ⋅ b + 2 ⋅ ( a + b) ⋅ v = p ⇒ a ⋅ b + 2 ⋅ a ⋅ v + 2 ⋅ b ⋅ v = p ⇒
1
⇒ a ⋅ b + 2 ⋅ a ⋅ v = p − 2 ⋅ b ⋅ v ⇒ a ⋅ (b + 2 ⋅ v ) = p − 2 ⋅ b ⋅ v ⇒ a ⋅ (b + 2 ⋅ v ) = p − 2 ⋅ b ⋅ v / ⋅ ⇒
b + 2⋅v
p − 2⋅b⋅v
⇒ a= .
b + 2⋅v

15
Vježba 519
Izrazite v iz formule p = a ⋅ b + 2 ⋅ ( a + b ) ⋅ v.
p − a ⋅b
Rezultat: v= . 2.
2 ⋅ (a + b)

Zadatak 520 (Goran, gimnazija)

3 3
Ako je ( 2 ⋅ a − 1) = m, onda je ( 3 − 6 ⋅ a ) jednako :
2
A. − 3 ⋅ m B. − 9 ⋅ m C. − 27 ⋅ m D. − m
Rješenje 520
Ponovimo!
3 3
( x − y) = x 3 − 3⋅ x 2 ⋅ y + 3⋅ x ⋅ y 2 − y 3 3
n n n
, ( x ⋅ y) = x ⋅y , (− x) =−x .
Zakon distribucije množenja prema zbrajanju.
a ⋅ (b + c) = a ⋅ b + a ⋅ c , a ⋅ b + a ⋅ c = a ⋅ (b + c ) .
1.inačica
3
Preoblikujemo izraz ( 3 − 6 ⋅ a ) .
3 3 3 3 3 3
( 3 − 6 ⋅ a ) = ( − 3 ⋅ ( 2 ⋅ a − 1)) = ( − 3) ⋅ ( 2 ⋅ a − 1) = − 27 ⋅ ( 2 ⋅ a − 1) = ( 2 ⋅ a − 1) = m  = − 27 ⋅ m.
 
Odgovor je pod C.
2.inačica
Kubiramo izraz u zadanoj jednakosti.
3 3 2
( 2 ⋅ a − 1) = m ⇒ ( 2 ⋅ a ) − 3 ⋅ ( 2 ⋅ a ) ⋅1 + 3 ⋅ 2 ⋅ a ⋅1 2 − 1 3 = m ⇒
3 2 3 2
⇒ 8 ⋅ a − 3 ⋅ 4 ⋅ a ⋅ 1 + 3 ⋅ 2 ⋅ a ⋅1 − 1 = m ⇒ 8 ⋅ a − 12 ⋅ a + 6 ⋅ a − 1 = m.
3
Preoblikujemo izraz ( 3 − 6 ⋅ a ) .
3 3 2 2 3 2 3
(3 − 6 ⋅ a ) = 3 − 3 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 6 ⋅ a + 3 ⋅ 3 ⋅ ( 6 ⋅ a ) − ( 6 ⋅ a ) = 27 − 3 ⋅ 9 ⋅ 6 ⋅ a + 3 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 36 ⋅ a − 216 ⋅ a =
2 3 3 2
= 27 − 162 ⋅ a + 324 ⋅ a − 216 ⋅ a = − 216 ⋅ a + 324 ⋅ a − 162 ⋅ a + 27 =
3 2 3 2
= − 27 ⋅ 8 ⋅ a − 12 ⋅ a + 6 ⋅ a − 1 = 8 ⋅ a − 12 ⋅ a + 6 ⋅ a − 1 = m  = − 27 ⋅ m.
( )  
Odgovor je pod C.
Vježba 520
3 3
Ako je ( a − 1) = m, onda je ( 2 − 2 ⋅ a ) jednako :
2
A. − 8 ⋅ m B. − 4 ⋅ m C. − 16 ⋅ m D. − m
Rezultat: A.

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