CELL

*FCPS_MADE_GUIDE_BY_DR_NP*
*LINEAR MCQS :*
*MOST REPEATED*
Special Thanks to My Team of Fcps Made Guide By Dr NP
(GENERAL SURGEON)

1. ECF differs from ICF = HIGH conc of Na and Cl ions

2. Lysosome contains = Hydrolases

3. RER most likely = Protein synthesis

4. Water enters into cell by = Through pores

5. Osmotic pressure depends on = Increase number of particles

6. Most important ICF electrolyte = K

7. Transport of material by carrier proteins is an example of =

Facilitated diffusion

8. Diffusion is inversely related to = Thickness of membrane

9. CO2 is transported from blood to alveoli = Diffusion

10. Active transport differs from passive transport = Phosphate

bond energy

11. Peroxisomes contains = Oxidases

12. Detoxification of drugs occurs in = SER

13. Permeability of a substance depends on = Total cross-sectional

area

14. Cell junctions allowing exchange of cytoplasmic molecuoles

between two cells are called = Gap
junctions

15. Osmolarity increases with increase in = Number of solute

particles

16. Cellular and flagellar movement carried out by all except =

Myosin

17. Molecuole used for cell signalling = No

18. Major lipoprotein source of cholesterol is = LDL

19. Most high energy phosphate compound = 1 molecuole of long

chain fatty acids

20. Cell membrane = Variable protein and lipid contents depend on

their location in cell

21. Gap junction = Serve as cytoplasmic bridge for sharing of

molecuoles

22. imediate intracellular response to many hormones and

neurotransmitters = Second messengers

23. Membrane protein clathrin involved in = Receptor mediated

endocytosis

24. Peroxisomes = Single membrane

25. Hydrolysis of ATP to ADP release = 7kcal per mole

26. Normal intracellular PH = Slightly acidic to extracellular fluid

27. RBcs in hypertonic solution = Shrink

28. While calculating plasma osmolality Na is multiplied by =

Anions

29. Na-K gradient maintained by = Na-K ATPase

30. Nuclear membrane = Continued with RER

31. Rate of diffusion of solute across the cell membrane depends

upon = Total area of membrane
surface

32. Cell membrane generally = 7.5nm thick

33. Depolarization = Because of NA influx

34. Repolarization = Because of K efflux

35. Hyperpolarization = Cl influx

36. Most ECF Abundant = Na

37. Interphase = DNA replication and barr bodies

38. Prophase = Chromosomes condens and become visible,
spindle fibers attatch to chromosomes

39. Prometaphase = Chromosome begin to move and nuclear

membrane disappears

40. Metaphase = chromosome alligment, chromosome thickest

41. Anaphase = Chromosome separates

42. Telophase = Two separate sister chromatids, chromosome

decondensation, nuclear membranr
reappearance

43. Interphase = DNA replication, Chromosomal replication, barr

bodies are studied

44. Intephase divided into: G1, S, G2, M phase mitosis is also part
of it.

45. G1 = Growth phase+longest phase 8-10 hours+check point for

DNA damage

46. S-phase = DNA replicate+5-6 hours+cytotoxic drugs acts on

this phase

47. G2-Phase = Short 3-4 hours+check point if DNA has replicate

properly

48. G2-Phase = Secondary growth between Sphase and Mitosis

49. Mitosis m-phase = Shortest 02 hours

50. Muscle spindle alignment and assemble = Mitosis M-Phase

51. Nuclear Content Divide = M- Phase

52. Centriole start moving to opposite = Prophase

53. Chromosome begin to divide = Metaphase

54. Division of chromatids = Anaphase

55. Non-disjunction = Anaphase

56. Complete division = Telophase

57. Barr bodies = Heterochromatin

58. Barr bodies = Have X chromosome

59. Barr bodies = Seen under light microscope

60. Barr bodies = Absent in turners

61. Scanty barr bodies = Turner syndrome

62. Barr bodies diagnostic for = Turners syndrome

63. One barr body in = Klinfelters syndrome

64. No of barr bodies in 0X = No barr body

65. No of barr bodies in XX = 1 Barr body

66. No of barr bodies in XXX = 2 barr bodies

67. Karyotyping index = Index of karyopiknotic nuclei of epithelial

cells which exfoliate from vagina.

68. Most radiosensitive phase of cell cycle = M. Phase

69. Protein makes an average of = 50% mass of membrane

70. Sausage shaped organelle with dynamic property =

Mitochondria

71. Lysosomes contains = 40 types of hydrolytic enzymes

72. Most abundant protein in mammalian cells = Actin

73. RER or granular endoplasmic reticulum concerned with =

Protein synthesis

74. SER or agranular endoplasmic reticulum concerned with =

Steroid synthesis

75. Entire body contains = 100 trillion cells

76. Child birth, blood clotting examples of = Positive feed back

77. Mitochondrial DNA = Maternal origin

78. Resting membrane potential = Diffusion of potassium outside

79. While calculating plasma osmolarity Na is multiplied = By two
anions

80. Sec active transport occurs through = Na

81. Detoxification of drugs occurs = SER

82. H2O2 found in = Peroxisomes

83. Increase mitochondria are present in apical layers of which of

the following cells = Ciliated cells

84. Musle end plate contains = cholinesterase.

85. Example of Carrrier mediated transport is = Na glucose

transport

*Cell Cycle:*
*Fcps_Made_Guide_By_Dr_NP*

*MOST COMMON & REPEATED MCQS OF CPSP*

• Interphase : *Chromosomes replicates*

• Interphase : *DNA replicates*

• Interphase: *Barr Bodies are studied*

• Interphase is divided into

1. G1 Phase
2. S Phase (SYNTHESIS Phase)
3. G2 Phase
4. Mitosis (also called M phase & cytokinesis is a part of it)
• G1: *Primary Growth , Proteins , Organelles , mRNA Synthesis )*

• G1 : *Also Called growth phase*

• G1: *Longest phase ( 8 to 10 Hours)*

• G1 Check point: *To check if DNA is damaged*

• S: *DNA Replicates*

• S: *Cytotoxic & cancer drugs act here to destroy DNA*

• S: *5 to 6 hours*

• G2: *Secondary growth ( between S phase & Mitosis)*

• G2: *Short ( 3 to 4 hours)*

• G2 Check point: *To check if DNA has replicated properly*

• MITOSIS/M Phase
• M: *Shortest (2 hours)*

• M: *To see spindle assembly and alignment*

• M: *Nuclear content divide*

• M: *genetic material is Chromosome (Genetic material is

chromatid when NOT in M phase)*
• M: Divided into Prophase, prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase ,
Telophase, Cytokinesis
• PROPHASE: *Spindle fibers appear Chromosome Condensation*

• PROPHASE: *Centriole start moving to the opposite end &

chromosomes first appear*

• PROMETAPHASE: *Spindle fibers attach to chromosome &

chromosome movement*

• PROMETAPHASE: *Nuclear membrane dissolve marking the

beginning of prometaphase*

• METAPHASE: *Chromosome Alignment at Equatorial Plate*

• METAPHASE: *Chromosome Thickest*

• METAPHASE: *Chromosome begin to divide*

• METAPHASE: *Karyotyping*

• ANAPHASE: *Division of chromatids & sister chromatids move to

opposite side*

• ANAPHASE: *NON Disjunction*

• TELOPHASE: *Spindle fibers disappear & Decondensation of

Chromosomes*

• TELOPHASE: *Complete division*

• TELOPHASE: *Nuclear membrane formation*

Which part of intermediate filament involve in cell repair?

Desmin
Vemntn
Cytokeratin ✓
Microtub

Which part of intermediate filament involve in cely division?

Desmin
Vementin
Cytokeratin
Microtubules ✓

~Fcps_Made_Guide_By_Dr_NP~
*WBC differential count from highest to lowest (normal ranges per
USMLE):*
Neutrophils (~ *60%* )
Lymphocytes (~ *30%* )
Monocytes (~ *6%* )
Eosinophils (~ *3%* )
Basophils (~ *1%* )

```Most important Mcqs Points:```

*Oxygen level differences :*
*Fcps_Made_Guide_By_Dr_NP*

1. Highest PO2 in : *pulmonary capillaries*

2. Lowest PO2 in : *umbilical artery*

3. Highest venous oxygen saturation: *Renal vein*

4. Highest oxygen tension present in : *pulmonary capillaries*

5. Less in fetus then mother : *PCO2*

6. Oxygen is taken up to Lungs through: *simple diffusion*

7. Lowest oxygen level in : **SVC*

8 . Po2 at sea level in normal adults: *97%*

*Vvvvvvvvvvvvv*
... *imppppp*
*Mcqs* :
*Fcps_Made_Guide_By_Dr_NP*
Best marker in pt with increasing swelling in thigh and no bone
connection on Xray ☛ Vimentin (Type III intermediate filament)

Absolute bone conduction zero Keratin and vimentin are found in

cancers are ☛ Intermediate filaments

Man with painful thigh muscles, xray show mass lesion, muscle
marker ☛ Desmin (Intermediate filament )

Actin and actin-like filaments contain ☛ Microfilament

Glycocalyx contains ☛ Carbs moities (Pericellular matrix)

Related to centrosome ☛ Centrioles (Pair)

Basal body present in ☛ cytoplasm (Under cell membrane )

2nd abundant component of protoplasm of most cells ☛Protein

(10-20 %)

Keratin and desmin collectively called as ☛ Intermediate

filaments

.*Cell cycle*
*Most important Mcqs Points:*
*Fcps_Made_Guide_By_Dr_NP*

• DNA replication: *Interphase*

• DNA shortening: *Telomerase*
• Regarding cell cycle G2 phase is between *S phase to M Phase* .
• Cell is most radiosensitive in what phase: *M phase > G2 phase >
G1 phase*
• Chromosomal replication: *S Phase*
• Phase of cell cycle in which sister chromatids are parallel:
*Prophase*
• S1 phase: *duplication of DNA*

.*Fcps_Made_Guide_By_Dr_NP*
```MOST REPEATED MCQS```

*Different proteins involved in the different junctions:*

1. Cell to cell :cadherins
(desmosome)
2. Cell to BM : integrins
(hemidesmosome)

3. Gap junction :
connexins

4. Tight junctions :
claudins and occludins

5. Adherent junctions :
belt desmosomes

STAGES_OF_MITOSIS
INTERPHASE
- Chromosomes are copied (doubles)
- Chromosomes appear as thread like coils (chromatin) at the start
but each chromosome and its copy (sister chromosome) changes
to sister chromatids at end of this phase
PROPHASE
- Mitosis begins (cell begins to divide)
- Centrioles (or poles) appear and begin to move to opposite ends
of cell
- Spindle fibers form between the poles
METAPHASE
- Chromatids (or pair of chromosomes) attach to the spindle fiber
ANAPHASE
- Chromatids (or pair of chromosomes) seperate and begin to
move to opposite ends of the cell
TELOPHASE
- Two new nuclei form
- Chromosome appear as chromatin (threads rather than rods)
- Mitosis ends

LYSOSOMES:
• Arise from Golgi apparatus
• Contain hydrolases
• Cause degradation of unfolded proteins
• Uterus and breast regress after pregnancy by lysosomes
• On H & E stain: hollow structure around nuclei\
#PEROXISOMES
• Originate from SER
• Contain OXIDASE, H2O2 AND CATALASE
• Single membrane
#CENTRIOLE
• Microtubules
#RER
• Protein synthesis
• Continuous with nuclear membrane
• =Nissle bodies
• Basophilia of cell
• Absent in axon hillock
#SER
• Detoxification of drugs
• Giver peroxisomes
• Contain Calcium
#MITOCHONDRIA
• DNA
• Energy house
#GOLGI_COMPLEX
• Binds carbohydrate with protein(GLYCOPROTEIN), enclose them
in vesicles and release
• Secretary vesicles
• Lysosomes arise here
#NUCLEOLUS
• No limiting membrane
• Site of RNA synthesis and assembly
#DOUBLE_MEMBRANE_ORGANELLES
• Nucleus…>Mitochondria…..>Golgi complex

#CYTOSKELETON
1. Cytoskeleton which connects ECM to ICM = Intermediate
filament
2. Cytoskeleton connected to ECM = Proteoglycan
3. ECM connected to ICM through = Integrin

Implant removed,fluid leaking,type of cells.....Giant cells

Implant removed,,no leaking,type of cells.....Giant cells
Implant not removed,,leaking of fluid present,type of
cells........Giant cells
Implant removed,,leaking of fluid plus signs of inflammation,type
of cells.....Neutrophils
Implant not removed,,no leaking but there is tenderness r other
signs of inflammation,type of cells........Neutrophills
Only these two type of cells we ll find,,there is no roll of immunity
so no plasma cells...
Points to remember....
In breast implant type of cells.....giant cells
But when inflammation mentioned then neutrophils......simple
basal cell carcinoma is Boss present on upper lip
squamous cell carcinoma is secretary so present on lower lip
MOST REPEATED MCQS _FCPS_1
FCPs _Made_Guide_By_Dr_NP

First line of defence for viral = Nk cells

first line macrophage of defense in lungs = Dust cell

Lymphocytes increases = viral disease

Neutrophils increases = bacterial infection
Eosinophil increases = worms infection

Lymphocytes are = anti cancer cells

MCQs _Controversial
FCPs _Made_Guide_By_Dr_NP

1. Important cell chronic inflammation.... Macrophage

2. Most Abundant cells of chronic inflammation.. Lymphocyte

Largest cell blood: monocyte

Largest cell in bone marrow: megakaryocyte
Over all megakaryocyte greater than mono

Most repeated MCQs _Fcps_1

FCPs _Made_Guide_By_DR_NP

*Reversible cell injury*

Hallmark = cellular swelling>ER swelling.

ER dilation.
Mitochondrial swelling+small amorphous densities.

Hydropic/Vacuolar degeneration.

*Irreversible cell injury*

Hallmark= cell membrane damage>ER swelling.

Dilation of mitochondria+large amorphous densities.

Nuclear changes=

*Karyolysis*= loss of DNA + basophilia fades

*Pyknosis*= Nuclear shrinkage+ increase basophilia

*Karyorrhexis*= Nuclear fragmentation

*Myelin figures present in both reversible+irreversible injury*

Eosinophilia of cell due to = loss of RNA.

FCPs _1

Important Topic _ Must Read

Types of tissue:
-Labile tissue they are continuously regenerating
○Intestine -stem cell in mucosal crypt
○Skin stem cell in basal layer (most bottom layer of epidermis)
Bone marrow hematopoietic stem cels (HSC). (HY You can't
identify HSC by microscope.
Presence of CD34 molecule tells it's HSC)
○Lungs -stem cel is type 2 pneumocytes

-Stabe tissue -they don't continuously regenerate but have the

ability to regenerate if needed.
○Liver
Proximal tubule of kidney -pt on acute tubular necrosis are put on
dialysis until their proximal tubules regenerate
○
-Permanent tissue -can't regenerate
○Myocardium
○Skeletal muscle
○Neurons

Fcsp _Made_Guide_By_DR_NP

Which part of intermed filament involve in cel repair?

A.Desmin
B.Vemntn
C.Cytokeratin ✓
D.Microtububle

Which part of intermed filament involve in cell division?

A.Desmin
B.Vemntn
C.Cytokeratin
D.Microtubule ✓