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MagneticInduction

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3 views5 pages

MagneticInduction

Uploaded by

KuokHei Chan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lab 1 Pre-Lab

Spring semester 24/25

ECEN3000

2024/10/19

Chan Kuok Hei


DC226801
Ng Wai Kit
DC227259

FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY


UNIVERSITY OF MACAU
Experiment 1
Transient-Response Analysis of First-Order
Systems

Purposes
(1) Observe the step response curve of integral element. Observe the effect of
integral time on step response.
(2) Learn to measure time constant of first -order element. Study the effect of
gain on close -loop transient response.

Background Information
(1) First-order system is one whose behavior can be described by a first-
order linear differential equation. The transient response of this system
to a step input gives insights into its dynamics.
(2) Closed-loop systems changes in system gain affect the speed and
stability of the transient response. Step response refers to how the
system's output changes when the input is suddenly changed (usually
from 0 to a fixed value). The system’s output does not immediately
reach the final value but follows a characteristic curve determined by
the system's time constant.
(3) Time constant is representing how quickly the system responds to a
step input. It's the time required for the system's response to reach
about 63% of its final value after a step input.
(4) Integral time: The period over which the integration of the system's
error influences the control action in integral control systems, affecting
the system’s response to inputs.
(5) Gain: In a closed-loop control system, the gain affects how
aggressively the system responds to errors. Higher gain often results in
faster responses but may introduce overshoot or oscillations.

1
Materials and Equipment
Function generator (to produce step input signals).

Oscilloscope (to visualize the transient response curve).

Resistor-capacitor (RC) circuit (to model the first-order system).

Closed-loop control system setup.

Multimeter (to measure resistances and capacitances in the circuit).

Power supply and wiring setup.

Data acquisition system (optional for automated recording of response).

Procedure
1. Step Response Observation: Set up the first-order system using a basic RC
circuit. - Apply a step input using the function generator and observe the step
response curve on the oscilloscope. - Vary the integral time parameter and
note how it affects the shape of the step response curve.

2. Time Constant Measurement: Measure the time constant of the RC circuit


by determining the time taken for the output to reach 63% of its final steady-
state value. - Record and analyze the time constant from multiple trials with
varying circuit parameters (R and C).

3. Effect of Gain on Closed-Loop Response: Set up a closed-loop control


system. - Gradually increase the system gain and observe how the transient
response (rise time, overshoot, and settling time) changes. - Analyze the effect
of gain on system stability and the speed of the transient response.

4. Data Analysis: Plot the step response curves for different


integral times and gains. - Compare the results and explain
how the system parameters affect the transient response.

2
Data Collection

Collect data on the time constant for different configurations of the RC circuit. -
Record the step response for various integral times and gains using the
oscilloscope. - Use tables and graphs to summarize and compare the transient
responses under different conditions.

Safety Considerations

Ensure all electrical equipment is correctly grounded. - Handle the power supply
and components with care to avoid short circuits or overheating. - Avoid direct
contact with live circuits to prevent electric shock.

Read the Agilent InfiniiVision 2000 X-Series Oscilloscopes


User Gruide

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