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6 views

Sheet Ch 1

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mohassanin111
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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chapter 1: Kinamatics of Fluids

H.W. 1

1. A velocity field is given by , where V0 and l are


constants. At what location is the flow field is the speed equal to V0?
Make a sketch of the velocity field in the first quadrant ( by
drawing arrows representing the fluid velocity at representitive locations.

2. A steady, incompressible, 2-D velocity field is given by:

Where x- and y-coordinates are in meters and magnitude of velocity is in


m/s. A stagnation point is defined as a point in the flow field where the
velocity is identically zero. (a) Determine if there are any stagnation
points in this flow field and, if so, where? (b) Sketch velocity vectors at
several locations in the domain between x = -2 m to 2 m and y = 0 m to 5
m; qualitatively describe the flow field.

3. Consider the steady, incompressible, 2-D velocity field of problem 4. a)


calculate the material acceleration at the point ( x = 2 m, y = 3 m). b)
Sketch the material acceleration vectors at the same array of x- and y-
values as in problem 4.

4. Consider the steady, 2-D velocity field of problem 4,

Whrere lengths are in units of m, time in s, and velocities in m/s. there is


a stagnation point at (-0.625, 1.875) as shown in the figure. Streamlines
of the flow are also plotted. Calculate the various kinamatic properties,
namely, the rate of translation, rate of rotation, linear strain rate, shear
strain rate, and volumetric strain rate. Verify that this flow is
incompressible.

5. Given Find the acceleration,


6. a velocity field is given by:

Where V0 is a positive constant; i.e. V0 > 0, Determine:


a. Where in the flow the speed is V0
b. The equation and sketch of the streamlines
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c. The equations for the streak lines and path lines.

7. For the given velocity field, ,


find out if there is a stagnation point. If any find its location?
8. For the given velocity field,
, find the
acceleration field components in Cartesian coordinates and its value at
point (x,y) = (-1, 2).

9. For the given velocity field, and pressure


field, , find the material derivative,
when applied to the pressure, produces the rate of change of pressure
following a fluid particle.

10. For the given velocity field,


, generate an equation
for the streamlines. Sketch several streamlines in the first quadrant.

11. Consider the velocity field in a flow system is given by


 
V  6 xy 2  t i 3z  10  j  20 k

Determine the velocity and acceleration of a particle at position


10,1,2 and at t  0.1 s.
12. Consider the two-dimensional flow field defined by the following velocity
components
x
u , v 1, w0
1 t
For this flow field find the equation of:
(a) The streamline through the point 1,1 at t  0 .
(b) The pathline for a particle released at the point (1, 1) at t  0
13. The velocity field is given by
 
V  x 2  y 2 i  2 xy j  4 xz k

What is the angular velocity of the fluid at 2,3,4 ?


14. Consider the velocity field given by:
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y x
u , v 
x2  y2 x2  y2
a) Calculate the equation of the streamlines.
b) Calculate the vorticity.
15. The velocity field in a flow system is given by
 
V  5 i  x  y 2 j  3xy k

What is the fluid acceleration at 1,2,3 ?

Problems old (for Dr Mustafa


1.1 Show that the streamlines for a flow whose velocity components are

u  c x2  y2  and v  2cxy, where c is constant, are given by the

equation x 2 y  y 3 3  constant.

1.2 The x and y components of a velocity field are given by u  x 2 y and

v   xy 2 . Determine the equation for the streamlines of this flow.


1.3 A two-dimensional velocity field is described in terms of its Cartesian
components u  2xy 2 , v  2 x 2 y
Show that the equation of the streamline passing through the point
1, 7 is

y 2  x 2  48
1.4 Consider the two-dimensional flow field defined by the following
velocity components
x
u , v 1, w0
1 t
for this flow field find the equation of:
(a) The streamline through the point 1,1 at t  0 .
(b) The pathline for a particle released at the point 1,1 at t  0

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1.5 Show that the streamlines and particle paths coincide for the
following flow field
x y z
u , v , w
1 t 1 t 1 t
1.6 The velocity in a certain flow field is given by the equation
V  x i  x 2 z j  yz k

Determine the expressions for the three components of acceleration.


1.7 Consider the velocity field in a flow system is given by
V  10 x 2 i  20 xy j  100t k

Determine the velocity and acceleration of a particle at position


1,2,5 and at t  0.1 s.
1.8 Consider the velocity field in a flow system is given by
 
V  6 xy 2  t i 3z  10  j  20 k

Determine the velocity and acceleration of a particle at position


10,1,2 and at t  0.1 s.
1.9 The fluid velocity along the x axis shown in Fig. changes from 6 m s
at point A to 18 m s at point B. It is also known that the velocity is a
linear function of distance along the streamline. Determine the
acceleration at points A, B, and C. Assume steady flow.

30
1.10 A liquid flows through a square duct 4.0 m long with the side
dimensions changing linearly from 0.4m at the entrance to 0.20m at
the exit. For steady flow rate of 0.36 m 3 s What is the fluid acceleration
(a) At the entrance
(b) At a section one-half the distance between the ends, and
(c) At the end of the duct?
1.11 As a valve is opened, water flows through the diffuser shown in Fig.
at an increasing flow rate so that the velocity along the centerline is

given by V  u i  V0 1  e ct 1 


 x
 i where u 0 , c and l are constants.
 l
Determine the acceleration as a function of x and t. If V0  3.1 m s and

l  1.5 m, what value of c (other than c  0 ) is needed to make the


acceleration zero for any x at t  0 s? Explain how the acceleration can
be zero if the flow rate is increasing with time.

1.12 A fluid flows past a sphere


with an upstream velocity of
V0  40 m s as shown in Fig. it is

found that the speed of the fluid

31
along the front part of the sphere
3
is v  V0 sin  .
2
Determine the components of acceleration at point A if the radius of the
sphere a  0.20 m.
1.13 A fluid flows past a circular cylinder of radius a with an upstream
speed of V0 as shown in Fig. the velocity of the fluid along the surface

of the cylinder is given by v  2 V0 sin  . Determine the components of

acceleration on the surface of the cylinder as a function of V0 , a, and  .

1.14 Water flows though the slit at the bottom of a two dimensional water
trough as shown in Fig. Throughout most of the trough the flow is
approximately radial (along rays from O) with a velocity of
vr  c r, where r is the radial coordinate and c is a constant. If the
velocity is 0.04 m s when r  0.1 m, determine the acceleration at points
A and B .

32
1.15 Air flows from a pipe into the region between two parallel circular
disks as shown in Fig. The fluid velocity in the gap between the disks is
closely approximated by v r  V0 R r , where R is the radius of the disk,

r is the radial coordinate, and V0 is the fluid velocity at the edge of the
disk. Determine the acceleration for r  0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 m if
V0  1.5 m s and R  0.9 m.

1.16 Air flows from a pipe into the region between a circular disk and a
cone as shown in Fig. The fluid velocity in the gap between the disk
and the cone is closely approximated by vr  V0 R 2 r 2 , where R is the

radius of the disk, r is the radial coordinate, and V0 is the fluid velocity

at the edge of the disk. Determine the acceleration for and for r  0.5 m
if V0  1.5 m s and R  1.0 m.

1.17 The three components of velocity in a flow field are given by


u  x2  y2  z 2

v  xy  yz  z 2

33
w  3xz  z 2 2  4
(a) The three components of the acceleration
(b) Determine the angular velocity.
(c) Is this an irrotational flow field?
1.18 Determine an expression for the vorticity of the flow field described
by
V   xy 3 i  y 4 j Is the flow irrotational?

1.19 A one-dimensional flow is described by the velocity field


u  ay  by
vw0
where a and b are constants.
(a) Is the flow irrotational?
(b) For what combination of constants (if any) the flow is irrotational.
(c) What is the angular strain?
1.20 Let the x and y components of velocity in steady, two-dimensional
incompressible flow be linear functions of x and y such that

V  ax  byi  cx  dy j

Where a, b, c and d are constants


(a) What is the vorticity ?
(b) For what conditions is the flow irrotational?
1.21 Consider a “boundary layer” of thickness 5 at a distance xx   
from the leading edge of a flat plat. Assume the velocity components
are
 y  1  y  2 
u  2U e       , v0
   2    

Find  z and  xy for 0  y  

34
1.22 Calculate the vorticity at any point r,  for each of the following
flow fields (a) vr  0 , v   r


(b) vr  0 , v 
2 r
in the above, r and  are cylindrical coordinates while  and  are
constants.

35

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