Reporters

ANGELA CACANOG DANIELA COMACAO

CHRISTEL JEAN CANUMAY JANPAUL BUSTRILLO
DEWEY REVEN CABAHUG MELIZZA JEN CENTINO
TRIXIE JOYCE CATIPAY
AIR
BY: ANGELA CACANOG
 A. INTRODUCTION

H OW I S T OP I C 2
C ON N E C T E D T O T OP I C 1 ?
 Air Quality
Air Pollution
 Atmosphere
Airborne Pollutants
 Clean Air
Air Quality
Air Pollution
 EXOSPHERE
THERMOSPHERE
MESOSPHERE
STRATOSPHERE
TROPOSHERE
 • Lowest and thinnest layer
16 km at equator, 8 km at poles

90% of the atmosphere’s mass

• Temperature decreases with altitude

6°C per kilometer
Top of troposphere averages
–50°C

• Where weather occurs

• Boundary between the troposphere, and the stratosphere is called the tropopause
• Extends from 10 km to 50 km above the ground
• Less dense (less water vapor)
• Temperature increases with altitude
• Almost no weather occurrence
• Contains high level of ozone
> ozone layer
• Upper boundary is called stratopause
 • Extends to almost 80 km high
• Gases are less dense.
• Temperature decreases as altitude increases.
• Gases in this layer absorb very little UV
radiation.
above the mesosphere and extends to almost 600 km high
temperature increases with altitude
readily absorbs solar radiation
Temperature can go as high as 1,500 °C
reflects radio waves
 the interface between Earth and space
atoms and molecules can escape to space
 µ
µ

µ
µ

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 AIR POLLUTION
THE AIR AND YOU

Environmental Science
and Engineering
AIR Environmental Science
and Engineering

POLLUTION

99%
PRESENT
Air pollution is contamination of the indoor or
high levels of pollutants, with low- and middle-
outdoor environment by any chemical, physical or
income countries suffering from the highest
biological agent that modifies the natural
exposures.
characteristics of the atmosphere.
-WHO
Environmental Science
and Engineering

IMPACT
Environmental Science
and Engineering

01. Global Environment

02. Poor air quality
03. Degradation of air quality
04. Climate change
05. Addressing the Air Pollution
Environmental Science
and Engineering

Types of Air Pollutants

Particulate Matter (PM) Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)

Carbon Monoxide (CO) Volatile Organic

Compounds (VOCs)
Industrial Processes
Vehicle Emissions
 Environmental Science
and Engineering

Sources of Air
Pollutants

Natural Sources
01. Volcanic eruptions
02. Forest fires
03. Dust storms

Volacanic eruptions Forest fires Dust storms

 Environmental Science
and Engineering

Sources of Air
Pollutants

Anthropogenic
sources:
01. Transportation (vehicles,
airplanes, ships)
02. Industrial activities
(manufacturing, power plants)
03. Agriculture (livestock, crop
burning)
 Effects of Air
Pollution on Human
Health
Respiratory Cardiovascular
effects: effects:
-Asthma exacerbation Increased risk of heart
attacks and strokes-
Other health -Chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease Hypertension-
effects: (COPD)

-Cancer -Respiratory infections

-Neurological
disorders
-Reproductive and
developmental issues
Environmental Science
and Engineering
E N V I R O N M E N TA L S C I E N C E
AND ENGINEERING
DAMAGE TO PLANT
EFFECTS OF AIR FOLIAGE

POLLUTION ON CHANGES IN ECOSYSTEM

COMPOSITION AND

VEGETATION BIODIVERSITY

IMPACTS ON CROP
YIELDS
E N V I R O N M E N TA L S C I E N C E
AND ENGINEERING

EFFECTS OF AIR
ACID DEPOSITION EUTROPHICATION
POLLUTION ON
THE GLOBAL CLIMATE
CHANGE
ENVIRONMENT
Environmental Science
and Engineering

MITIGATION
STRATEGIES
 MITIGATION
Environmental Science
and Engineering

STRATEGIES

Regulatory measures
-Air quality standards and regulations

-Emission controls for industries and

vehicles
 MITIGATION
Environmental Science
and Engineering

STRATEGIES

Technological Behavioral
solutions changes
-Cleaner energy sources -Reducing personal vehicle
(renewables, natural gas) use

-Pollution control devices -Opting for sustainable

(scrubbers, catalytic transportation modes (public
converters) transit, biking)
Environmental Science
MITIGATION
and Engineering

STRATEGIES

INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
AND AGREEMENTS (E.G., PARIS
AGREEMENT)
Environmental Science
and Engineering

WASTE MANAGEMENT
HIERARCHY IN AIR POLLUTION
CONTROL
NEXT
 AIR POLLUTION
C O N T RDevices
OL
 AIR POLLUTION
CONTROL DEVICE

USED TO PREVENT OR
REDUCE THE EMISSION OF AIR
POLLUTANTS. THEY CAN
CAPTURE, FILTER, AND
RECYCLE AIR PARTICULATES
BEFORE THEY ENTER THE
ATMOSPHERE.
 About Service Team Contact

ENGINEERS HAVE
DEVELOPED POLLUTION
CONTROL DEVICES

01
AIR POLLUTION
CONTROL
GASEOUS POLLUTANTS

ABSORPTION.
CONTROL DEVICES BASED ON
THE PRINCIPLE OF ABSORPTION
ATTEMPT TO TRANSFER THE
POLLUTANT FROM A GAS TO A
LIQUID PHASE.
 EXCESS
AMMONIA
 SPRAY
Chamber
promotes intimate
mixing of nebulized
aerosol with fuel design
to ensures minimal
carbon build-up, plus
reduced burner
blockage and
volatilization
interferences.
FLUE GAS
AND SULPHUR
COPOUNDS
 FLUE GAS
DESULFURIZATION
(FGD)
IS A SET OF
TECHNOLOGIES THAT
REMOVE SULFUR
DIOXIDE (SO2) FROM
EXHAUST FLUE GASES.
POWER PLANT BAGHOUSE
USED TO CAPTURE
PARTICULATE MATTER (PM)
EMISSIONS GENERATED
DURING THE COMBUSTION OF
FOSSIL FUELS, SUCH AS
COAL, OIL, OR NATURAL
GAS, IN POWER GENERATION
PROCESSES.
EMISSION OF
DUST, SOOT
AND ASH
CYCLONE COLLECTOR,
FOR REMOVING
RELATIVELY COARSE
PARTICULATES FROM THE
AIR. SMALL CYCLONE
DEVICES ARE OFTEN
INSTALLED TO CONTROL
POLLUTION FROM MOBILE
SOURCES
ELECTROSTATIC
PRECIPITATORS
(ESPS)
Remove particulate
matter, such as dust,
from industrial
emissions and exhaust.
ESPs create an ionized
field that removes
charged particles.
CATALYTIC
CONVERTERS FOR
TREATING AUTO
EMISSIONS
 AIR
POLLUTION
CONTROL
DEVICES
 AIR QUALITY IN
PHILIPPINES
by: Dewey Raven S. Cabahug
BSCpE-2
DATA ANALYSIS
DATA ANALYSIS
DATA ANALYSIS
DATA ANALYSIS
RA 8749

KNOWN AS THE “PHILIPPINE CLEAN AIR ACT OF

1999”, AIMS TO MITIGATE AND CONTROL AIR
POLLUTANTS AS TO GIVE THE PEOPLE A BALANCE
AND HEALTHFUL ECOLOGY AND HARMONY OF
NATURE.
OBJECTIVES

TO GIVE THE PEOPLE THE RIGHT TO BREATHE CLEAN AIR

DVANCE OPEN DATA AND INSTRUCTION AND TO EMPOWER
THE INTEREST OF AN EDUCATED AND DYNAMIC OPEN IN
DISCUSS QUALITY ARRANGING AND MONITORING
ENTER PRIMARILY ON CONTAMINATION ANTICIPATION
INSTEAD OF ON CONTROL AND GIVE FOR A
COMPREHENSIVE ADMINISTRATION PROGRAM FOR
DISCUSS POLLUTION
PENALTIES

[2]ACCORDING TO THE CONGRESS OF THE PHILIPPINES,

MAJOR SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION COMES FROM;

·MOBILE SOURCES – MOTORCYCLES, CARS, BUSES,

PLANES, TRUCKS AND TRAINS

·STATIONARY SOURCES – INDUSTRIAL PLANS, POWER

PLANTS, AND OIL FACTORIES

·AREA SOURCES – WOOD BURNING, INCINERATION OF

BIOMEDICAL AND CHEMICAL WASTE
PENALTIES
THEREFORE, THEY ESTABLISHED PENALTIES UPON VIOLATIONS THAT
REQUIRE STANDARD FORMAT FOR EACH CATEGORY SUCH AS;

VIOLATION OF STANDARDS FOR STATIONARY SOURCES – SHALL IMPOSE

A FINE NOT UP TO 100 THOUSAND PESOS

VIOLATION OF STANDARDS FOR MOTOR VEHICLES – 2 TO 6 THOUSAND

PESOS FINE DEPENDING ON ITS TIME IN OFFENSE.

FINES AND PENALTIES FOR VIOLATIONS OF OTHER PROVISIONS IN THE

ACT – A FINE OF NOT LESS THAN 10 THOUSAND BUT NOT MORE THAN
100 THOUSAND PESOS.
FUTURE PERSPECTIVE
WITH AN AVERAGE SCORE OF THE AIR INDEX PHILIPPINES WILL
CONTINUE TO HAVE AN AVERAGE SCORE IN AIR QUALITY UNLESS IN
TURNS OF EVENTS SUCH AS NEW YEARS WHERE FIREWORKS IS
CONTRIBUTING AS A HUGE FACTOR IN AIR POLLUTION AMMASSING
HUGE AMOUNTS OF PM2.5 CONTRATION LEVELS (2000+).

PERSONAL REFLECTIONS
EVEN IF WE SCORED AN AVERAGE THAT DOES NOT MEAN WE CANT
IMPROVE, WE ARE ALL LIVING IN THE SAME PLACE SO WE ALL SHOULD
STRIVE TO SUSTAIN IN FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS AND LIVE A WORLD
WHERE A GREEN EARTH IS NO LONGER PLAUSIBLE TO ACHIEVE OR
LESS LIKELY TO HAPPEN.
REFFERENCE LINK
DATA:
[1]
“AQI INDIA: REAL-TIME AIR QUALITY INDEX | AIR POLLUTION LEVEL
DATA,” WWW.AQI.IN, 2018. HTTPS://WWW.AQI.IN/

[2]
“R.A. 8749,” LAWPHIL.NET, 1999.
HTTPS://LAWPHIL.NET/STATUTES/REPACTS/RA1999/RA_8749_1999.H
TML