(MATHEMATICS) COMPOUND ANGLE

TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS & IDENTITIES

1. INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY :
The word 'trigonometry' is derived from the Greek words 'trigon' and 'metron' and it means
'measuring the sides of a triangle'. The subject was originally developed to solve geometric
problems involving triangles. It was studied by sea captains for navigation, surveyor to map out
the new lands, by engineers and others. Currently, trigonometry is used in many areas such as
the science of seismology, designing electric circuits, describing the state of an atom, predicting
the heights of tides in the ocean, analysing a musical tone and in many other areas.
(a) Measurement of angles : Commonly two systems of measurement of angles are used.
(i) Sexagesimal or English System : Here 1 right angle = 90∘ (degrees)
1∘ = 60′ (minutes)
1′ = 60′′ (seconds)
(ii) Circular system : Here an angle is measured in radians. One radian corresponds to the angle
subtended by an arc of length ' r ' at the centre of the circle of radius r. It is a constant quantity
and does not depend upon the radius of the circle.
𝐃 𝐑
(b) Relation between the these systems : 𝟗𝟎 = 𝛑/𝟐

(c) If θ is the angle subtended at the centre of a circle of radius ' r ', by an arc of length ' ℓ ' then
ℓ
= θ.
r

Note that here ℓ, r are in the same units and θ is always in radians.
Illustration 1: If the arcs of same length in two circles subtend angles of 60∘ and 75∘ at their centres.
Find the ratio of their radii.
Solution : Let r1 and r2 be the radii of the given circles and let their arcs of same length 's' subtend
angles of 60∘ and 75∘ at their centres.
π c π c π c 5π c
Now, 60∘ = (60 × 180) = ( 3 ) and 75∘ = (75 × 180) = ( 12 )
π s 5π s π 5π
∴ = and = ⇒ ⇒ r1 = s and r =s
3 r1 12 r2 3 12 2
π 5π
⇒ r = r ⇒ 4r1 = 5r2 ⇒ r1 : r2 = 5: 4
3 1 12 2

Do yourself-1 :

(i) The radius of a circle is 30 cm. Find the length of an arc of this circle if the length of the chord
of the arc is 30 cm.

APNI KAKSHA 1
(MATHEMATICS) COMPOUND ANGLE
2. T-RATIOS (or Trigonometric functions) :
In a right angle triangle
p b p h h b
sin θ = ; cos θ = ; tan θ = ; cosec θ = ; sec θ = and cot θ =
h h b p b p
' p ' is perpendicular ; ' b ' is base and ' h ' is hypotenuse.
Note : The quantity by which the cosine falls short of unity i.e. 1 − cos θ, is called
the versed sine θ of θ and also by which the sine falls short of unity i.e. 1 − sin θ is called the
coversed sine of θ.
3. BASIC TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES :
(1) sin θ ⋅ cosec θ = 1 (2) cos θ ⋅ sec θ = 1
sin θ cos θ
(3) tan θ ⋅ cot θ = 1 (4) tan θ = cos θ &cot θ = sin θ

(5) sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1 or sin2 θ = 1 − cos 2 θ or cos2 θ = 1 − sin2 θ

(6) sec 2 θ − tan2 θ = 1 or sec 2 θ = 1 + tan2 θ or tan2 θ = sec 2 θ − 1
1
(7) sec θ + tan θ = sec θ−tan θ

(8) cosec 2 θ − cot 2 θ = 1 or cosec 2 θ = 1 + cot 2 θ or cot 2 θ = cosec 2 θ − 1

1
(9) cosec θ + cot θ =
cosec θ−cot θ

(10) Expressing trigonometrical ratio in terms of each other :

sin θ cos θ tan θ cot θ sec θ cosec θ

tan θ 1 √sec 2 θ − 1 1
sin θ sin θ √1 − cos 2 θ
√1 + tan2 θ √1 + cot 2 θ sec θ cosec θ

1 cot θ 1 √cosec 2 θ − 1
cos θ √1 − sin2 θ cos θ
√1 + tan2 θ √1 + cot 2 θ sec θ cosec θ

sin θ √1 − cos2 θ 1 1
tan θ tan θ √sec 2 θ − 1
√1 − sin2 θ cos θ cot θ √cosec 2 θ − 1

√1 − sin2 θ cos θ 1 1
cot θ cot θ √cosec 2 θ − 1
sin θ √1 − cos2 θ tan θ √sec 2 θ − 1

1 1 √1 + cot 2 θ cosec θ
sec θ √1 + tan2 θ sec θ
√1 − sin2 θ cos θ cot θ √cosec 2 θ − 1

1 1 √1 + tan2 θ sec θ
cosec θ √1 + cot 2 θ cosec θ
sin θ √1 − cos2 θ tan θ √sec 2θ − 1

APNI KAKSHA 2
(MATHEMATICS) COMPOUND ANGLE
Illustration 2:If sin θ + sin2 θ = 1, then prove that cos12 θ + 3cos10 θ + 3cos8 θ + cos 6 θ − 1 = 0
Solution : Given that sin θ = 1 − sin2 θ = cos2 θ
L.H.S. = cos6 θ(cos2 θ + 1)3 − 1 = sin3 θ(1 + sin θ)3 − 1 = (sin θ + sin2 θ)3 − 1
=1−1=0
Illustration 3 : 4(sin6 θ + cos6 θ) − 6(sin4 θ + cos 4 θ) is equal to
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) -2 (D) none of these
Solution : 4[(sin2 θ + cos 2 θ)3 − 3sin2 θcos 2 θ(sin2 θ + cos 2 θ)
= 4[1 − 3sin2 θcos2 θ] − 6[1 − 2sin2 θcos2 θ]
= 4 − 12sin2 θcos2 θ − 6 + 12sin2 θcos2 θ = −2
Do yourself - 2 :
4
(i) If cot θ = 3, then find the value of sin θ, cos θ and cosec θ in first quadrant.

(ii) If sin θ + cosec θ = 2, then find the value of sin8 θ + cosec 8 θ

4. NEW DEFINITION OF T-RATIOS :
By using rectangular coordinates the definitions of trigonometric functions can be extended to
angles of any size in the following way (see diagram). A point P is taken with coordinates (x, y).
The radius vector OP has length r and the angle θ is taken as the directed angle measured
anticlockwise from the x-axis. The three main trigonometric functions are then defined in terms
of r and the coordinates x and y.

sin θ = y/r
cos θ = x/r
tan θ = y/x, (The other function are reciprocals of these)
This can give negative values of the trigonometric functions.
5. SIGNS OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS IN DIFFERENT QUADRANTS:

APNI KAKSHA 3
(MATHEMATICS) COMPOUND ANGLE
6. TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS OF ALLIED ANGLES :
(a) sin (2nπ + θ) = sin θ, cos (2nπ + θ) = cos θ, where n ∈ I
(b)

sin (−θ) = −sin θ cos (−θ) = cos θ

sin (90∘ − θ) = cos θ cos (90∘ − θ) = sin θ

sin (90∘ + θ) = cos θ cos (90∘ + θ) = −sin θ

sin (180∘ − θ) = sin θ cos (180∘ − θ) = −cos θ

sin (180∘ + θ) = −sin θ cos (180∘ + θ) = −cos θ

sin (270∘ − θ) = −cos θ cos (270∘ − θ) = −sin θ

sin (270∘ + θ) = −cos θ cos (270∘ + θ) = sin θ

sin (360∘ − θ) = −sin θ cos (360∘ − θ) = cos θ

sin (360∘ + θ) = sin θ cos (360∘ + θ) = cos θ

7. VALUES OF T-RATIOS OF SOME STANDARD ANGLES :

𝟎∘ 𝟑𝟎∘ 𝟒𝟓∘ 𝟔𝟎∘ 𝟗𝟎∘ 𝟏𝟖𝟎∘ 𝟐𝟕𝟎∘

Angles
0 π/6 π/4 π/3 π/2 π 3π/2

sin θ 0 1/2 1/√2 √3/2 1 0 -1

cos 𝛉 1 √3/2 1/√2 1/2 0 -1 0

tan θ 0 1/√3 1 √3 N.D. 0 N.D.

cot θ N.D. √3 1 1/√3 0 N.D. 0

sec θ 1 2/√3 √2 2 N.D. -1 N.D.

cosec θ N.D. 2 √2 2/√3 1 N.D. -1

N.D. → Not Defined

(a) sin nπ = 0; cos nπ = (−1)n ; tan nπ = 0 where n ∈ I
π π
(b) sin (2n + 1) 2 = (−1)n ; cos (2n + 1) 2 = 0 where n ∈ I

APNI KAKSHA 4
(MATHEMATICS) COMPOUND ANGLE
1 1
Illustration 4: If sin θ = − 2 and tan θ = then θ is equal to –
√3

(A) 30∘ (B) 150∘ (C) 210∘ (D) none of these

1
Solution: Let us first find out θ lying between 0 and 360∘ . Since sin θ = − 2
1
⇒ θ = 210∘ or 330∘ and tan θ = ⇒ θ = 30∘ or 210∘
√3
7π
Hence, θ = 210∘ or is the value satisfying both.
6

Ans. (C)
Do yourself - 3 :
1 3π
(i) If cos θ = − 2 and π < θ < , then find the value of 4tan2 θ − 3cosec 2 θ.
2

(ii) Prove that :

(a) cos 570∘ sin 510∘ + sin (−330∘ )cos (−390∘ ) = 0
11π 9π 3 π 17π 3−2√3
(b) tan − 2sin − 4 cosec 2 + 4cos 2 =
3 3 4 6 2

8. GRAPH OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS :

(i) y = sin x (ii) y = cos x

(iii) y = tanx (iv) y = cotx

9. DOMAINS, RANGES AND PERIODICITY OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS :

APNI KAKSHA 5
(MATHEMATICS) COMPOUND ANGLE
10. TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF THE SUM & DIFFERENCE OF TWO ANGLES :
(i) sin (A + B) = sin Acos B + cos Asin B. (ii) sin (A − B) = sin Acos B − cos Asin B.
(iii) cos (A + B) = cos Acos B − sin Asin B (iv) cos (A − B) = cos Acos B + sin Asin B
tan A+tan B tan A−tan B
(v) tan (A + B) = 1−tan Atan B (vi) tan (A − B) = 1+tan Atan B
cot Bcot A−1 cot Bcot A+1
(vii) cot (A + B) = (viii) cot (A − B) =
cot B+cot A cot B−cot A

Some more results :

(i) sin2 A − sin2 B = sin (A + B) ⋅ sin (A − B) = cos2 B − cos 2 A.
(ii) cos2 A − sin2 B = cos (A + B) ⋅ cos (A − B).
Illustration 5 :Prove that √3cosec 20∘ − sec 20∘ = 4
√3 1 √3cos 20∘ −sin 20∘
Solution : L.H.S. = sin 20∘ − cos 20∘ = sin 20∘ ⋅cos 20∘
√3 1
4( cos 20∘ − sin 20∘ ) 4(sin 60∘ ⋅cos 20∘ −cos 60∘ ⋅sin 20∘ )
2 2
= 2sin 20∘ cos 20∘
= sin 40∘
sin (60∘ −20∘ ) sin 40∘
=4⋅ = 4 ⋅ sin 40∘ = 4 = R.H.S.
sin 40∘

Illustration 6: Prove that tan 70∘ = cot 70∘ + 2cot 40∘ .

tan 20∘ +tan 50∘
Solution : L.H.S. = tan 70∘ = tan(20∘ + 50∘ ) =
1−tan 20∘ tan 50∘

Or tan 70∘ − tan 20∘ tan 50∘ tan 70∘ = tan 20∘ + tan 50∘
or tan 70∘ = tan 70∘ tan 50∘ tan 20∘ + tan 20∘ + tan 50∘ = 2tan 50∘ + tan 20∘
= cot 70∘ + 2cot 40∘ = R.H.S
Do yourself - 4 :
3 9 π
(i) If sin A = 5 and cos B = 41 , 0 < A& B < 2 , then find the value of the following:

(a) sin (A + B) (b) sin (A − B) (c) cos (A + B) (d) cos (A − B)

(ii) If x + y = 45∘ , then prove that:
(a) (1 + tan x)(1 + tan y) = 2 (b) (cot x − 1)(cot y − 1) = 2
(Remember these results)
11. FORMULAE TO TRANSFORM THE PRODUCT INTO SUM OR DIFFERENCE :
(i) 2sin Acos B = sin (A + B) + sin (A − B). (ii) 2cos Asin B = sin (A + B) − sin (A − B).
(iii) 2cos Acos B = cos (A + B) + cos (A − B) (iv) 2sin Asin B = cos (A − B) − cos (A + B)
tan (A+B) λ+1
Illustration 7 : If sin 2 A = λsin 2 B, then prove that tan (A−B) = λ−1.

Solution : Given sin 2 A = λsin 2 B

sin 2 A λ
⇒ sin 2 B = 1 Applying componendo & dividendo,
sin 2 A + sin 2 B λ + 1
=
sin 2 B − sin 2 A 1 − λ
APNI KAKSHA 6
(MATHEMATICS) COMPOUND ANGLE
2 A+2 B 2 A−2 B
2sin ( )cos ( ) λ+1
2 2
⇒ 2 B+2 A 2 B−2 A = 1−λ
2cos ( )sin ( )
2 2
sin (A+B)cos (A−B) λ+1
⇒ cos (A+B)sin {−(A−B)} = 1−λ
sin (A+B)cos (A−B) λ+1 sin (A+B)cos (A−B) λ+1
⇒ cos (A+B)×−sin (A−B) = −(λ−1) ⇒ = λ−1
cos (A+B)sin (A−B)
λ+1 tan (A+B) λ+1
⇒ tan (A + B)cot (A − B) = λ−1 ⇒ = λ−1
tan (A−B)

12. FORMULAE TO TRANSFORM SUM OR DIFFERENCE INTO PRODUCT :

C+D C−D C+D C−D
(i) sin C + sin D = 2sin ( ) cos ( ) (ii) sin C − sin D = 2cos ( ) sin ( )
2 2 2 2
C+D C−D C+D D−C
(iii) cos C + cos D = 2cos ( ) cos ( ) (iv) cos C − cos D = 2sin ( ) sin ( )
2 2 2 2
sin 5θ+sin 2θ−sin θ
Illustration 8 : is equal to –
cos 5θ+2cos 3θ+2cos2 θ+cos θ

(A) tan θ (B) cos θ (C) cot θ (D) none of these

2sin 2θcos 3θ+sin 2θ sin 2θ[2cos 3θ+1]
Solution : L.H.S. = =
2cos 3θ⋅cos 2θ+2cos 3θ+2cos2 θ 2[cos 3θ(cos 2θ+1)+(cos2 θ)]
sin 2θ[2cos 3θ+1] sin 2θ(2cos 3θ+1)
= 2[cos 3θ(2cos2 θ)+cos2 θ] = 2cos2 θ(2cos 3θ+1) = tan θ Ans.

Ans. (A)
Illustration 9 : Show that sin 12∘ ⋅ sin 48∘ ⋅ sin 54∘ = 1/8
1 1 1
Solution : L.H.S. = 2 [cos 36∘ − cos 60∘ ]sin 54∘ = 2 [cos 36∘ sin 54∘ − 2 sin 54∘ ]
1 1
= 4 [2cos 36∘ sin 54∘ − sin 54∘ ] = 4 [sin 90∘ + sin 18∘ − sin 54∘ ]
1 1
= 4 [1 − (sin 54∘ − sin 18∘ )] = 4 [1 − 2sin 18∘ cos 36∘ ]
1 2sin 18∘ 1 sin 36∘ cos 36∘
= 4 [1 − cos 18∘ cos 36∘ ] = 4 [1 − ]
cos 18∘ cos 18∘
1 2sin 36∘ cos 36∘ 1 sin 72∘ 1 1 1
= 4 [1 − ] = 4 [1 − 2sin 72∘ ] = 4 [1 − 2] = 8 = R.H.S.
2cos 18∘

Do yourself - 5 :
sin 75∘ −sin 15∘
(i) Simplify cos 75∘ +cos 15∘

(ii) Prove that

(a) (sin 3 A + sin A)sin A + (cos 3 A − cos A)cos A = 0
1
(b) cos 20∘ cos 40∘ cos 60∘ cos 80∘ = 16
sin 8θcos θ−sin 6θcos 3θ
(c) cos 2θcos θ−sin 3θsin 4θ = tan 2θ

13. TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF SUM OF MORE THAN TWO ANGLES :

(i) sin (A + B + C) = sin Acos Bcos C + sin Bcos Acos C + sin Ccos Acos B − sin Asin Bsin C
= Σsin Acos Bcos C − Πsin A
= cos Acos Bcos C[tan A + tan B + tan C − tan Atan Btan C]

APNI KAKSHA 7
(MATHEMATICS) COMPOUND ANGLE
(ii) cos (A + B + C) = cos Acos Bcos C − sin Asin Bcos C − sin Acos Bsin C −
cos Asin Bsin C
= Πcos A − Σsin Asin Bcos C
= cos Acos Bcos C[1 − tan Atan B − tan Btan C − tan Ctan A]
tan A+tan B+tan C−tan Atan Btan C S1 −S3
(iii) tan (A + B + C) = 1−tan Atan B−tan Btan C−tan Ctan A = 1−S2

14. TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF MULTIPLE ANGLES :

(a) Trigonometrical ratios of an angle 𝟐𝛉 in terms of the angle 𝛉 :
2tan θ
(i) sin 2θ = 2sin θcos θ =
1+tan2 θ
1−tan2 θ
(ii) cos 2θ = cos2 θ − sin2 θ = 2cos2 θ − 1 = 1 − 2sin2 θ = 1+tan2 θ

(iii) 1 + cos 2θ = 2cos2 θ

(iv) 1 − cos 2θ = 2sin2 θ
1−cos 2θ sin 2θ
(v) tan θ = = 1+cos 2θ
sin 2θ
2tan θ
(vi) tan 2θ = 1−tan2 θ
2cos 2 A+1
Illustration 10: Prove that : 2cos 2 A−1 = tan (60∘ + A)tan (60∘ − A)

Solution : R.H.S. = tan (60∘ + A)tan (60∘ − A)

tan 60∘ +tan A tan 60∘ −tan A √3+tan A √3−tan A
= (1−tan 60∘ tan A) (1+tan 60∘ tan A) = (1−√3tan A) (1+√3tan A)
sin2 A
3−tan2 A 3− 3cos2 A−sin2 A
cos2 A
= 1−3tan2 = sin2 A
= cos2
A 1−3 2 A−3sin2 A
cos A

2cos2 A+cos2 A−2sin2 A+sin2 A

= 2cos2 A−2sin2 A−sin2 A−cos2 A
2(cos2 A−sin2 A)+cos2 A+sin2 A 2cos 2 A+1
= 2(cos2 = 2cos 2 A−1 = L.H.S.
A−sin2 A)−(sin2 A+cos2 A)

Do yourself - 6 :
(i) Prove that:
sin 2θ 1+sin 2θ+cos 2θ
(a) 1+cos 2θ = tan θ (b) 1+sin 2θ−cos 2θ = cot θ

(b) Trigonometrical ratios of an angle 𝟑𝛉 in terms of the angle 𝛉 :

(i) sin 3θ = 3sin θ − 4sin3 θ. (ii) cos 3θ = 4cos3 θ − 3cos θ.
3tan θ−tan3 θ
(iii) tan 3θ = 1−3tan2 θ

Illustration 11: Prove that : tan A + tan (60∘ + A) + tan (120∘ + A) = 3tan 3 A
Solution : L.H.S. = tan A + tan (60∘ + A) + tan (120∘ + A)
= tan A + tan (60∘ + A) + tan {180∘ − (60∘ − A)}
= tan A + tan (60∘ + A) − tan (60∘ − A) [∵ tan (180∘ − θ) = −tan θ]
APNI KAKSHA 8
(MATHEMATICS) COMPOUND ANGLE
tan 60∘ +tan A tan 60∘ −tan A
= tan A + 1−tan 60∘ tan A − 1+tan 60∘ tan A
√3+tan A √3−tan A
= tan A + 1−√3tan A − 1+√3tan A
8tan A tan A−3tan3 A+8tan A
= tan A + 1−3tan2 =
A 1−3tan2 A
9tan A−3tan3 A 3tan A−tan3 A
= = 3( ) = 3tan 3 A = R.H.S.
1−3tan2 A 1−3tan2 A

Do yourself - 7 :
(i) Prove that:
(a) cot θcot (60∘ − θ)cot (60∘ + θ) = cot 3θ
(b) cos 5θ = 16cos 5 θ − 20cos3 θ + 5cos θ
(c) sin 4θ = 4sin θcos 3 θ − 4cos θsin3 θ

15. TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF SUB MULTIPLE ANGLES :

Since the trigonometric relations are true for all values of angle θ, they will be true if instead of
θ
θ be substitute 2
θ
θ θ 2tan
(i) sin θ = 2sin 2 cos = 2
θ
2 1+tan2
2
θ
θ θ θ θ 1−tan2
(ii) cos θ = cos2 − sin2 = 2cos 2 − 1 = 1 − 2sin2 = 2
θ
2 2 2 2 1+tan2
2

θ θ
(iii) 1 + cos θ = 2cos 2 (iv) 1 − cos θ = 2sin2
2 2
θ
θ 1−cos θ sin θ 2tan
(v) tan = = 1+cos θ (vi) tan θ = 2
θ
2 sin θ 1−tan2
2

θ 1−cos θ θ 1+cos θ
(vii) sin = ±√ (viii) cos = ±√
2 2 2 2

θ 1−cos θ θ
(ix) tan = ±√1+cos θ (x) 2sin = ±√1 + sin θ ± √1 − sin θ
2 2

θ θ ±√1+tan2 θ−1
(xi) 2cos = ±√1 + sin θ ∓ √1 − sin θ (xii) tan =
2 2 tan θ

for(vii) to (xii), we decide the sign of ratio according to value of θ.

1∘ 1∘
Illustration 12: sin 67 2 + cos 67 2 is equal to
1 1 1 1
(A) 2 √4 + 2√2 (B) 2 √4 − 2√2 (C) 4 (√4 + 2√2) (D) 4 (√4 − 2√2)

1∘ 1∘ 1
Solution : 𝐬in 67 2 + cos 67 2 = √1 + sin 135∘ = √1 +
√2

1
(using cos A + sin A = √1 + sin 2 A) = 2 √4 + 2√2

APNI KAKSHA 9
(MATHEMATICS) COMPOUND ANGLE
Ans. (A)
Do yourself - 8 :
(i) Find the value of
π π π
(a) sin (b) cos (c) tan
8 8 8

16. TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF SOME STANDARD ANGLES :

π √5−1 2π
(i) sin 18∘ = sin = = cos 72∘ = cos
10 4 5
π √5+1 3π
(ii) cos 36∘ = cos = = sin 54∘ = sin
5 4 10

2π √10+2√5 π
(iii) sin 72∘ = sin = = cos 18∘ = cos
5 4 10

π √10−2√5 3π
(iv) sin 36∘ = sin = = cos 54∘ = cos
5 4 10
π √3−1 5π
(v) sin 15∘ = sin = = cos 75∘ = cos
12 2√2 12

π √3+1 5π
(vi) cos 15∘ = cos = = sin 75∘ = sin
12 2√2 12

π √3−1 5π
(vii) tan 15∘ = tan = 2 − √3 = = cot 75∘ = cot
12 √3+1 12

5π √3+1 π
(viii) tan 75∘ = tan = 2 + √3 = = cot 15∘ = cot
12 √3−1 12
π 3π
(ix) tan (22.5∘ ) = tan = √2 − 1 = cot (67.5∘ ) = cot
8 8
3π π
(x) tan (67.5∘ ) = tan = √2 + 1 = cot (22.5∘ ) = cot
8 8

Illustration 13 : Evaluate sin 78∘ − sin 66∘ − sin 42∘ + sin 6∘ .

Solution : The expression
= (sin 78∘ − sin 42∘ ) − (sin 66∘ − sin 6∘ ) = 2cos (60∘ )sin (18∘ ) − 2cos 36∘ ⋅ sin 30∘
√5−1 √5+1 1
= sin 18∘ − cos 36∘ = ( )− ( ) = −2
4 4

Do yourself - 9 :
(i) Find the value of
π 13π
(a) sin + sin (b) cos2 48∘ − sin2 12∘
10 10

17. CONDITIONAL TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES :

If A + B + C = 180∘ , then
(i) tan A + tan B + tan C = tan Atan Btan C
(ii) cot Acot B + cot Bcot C + cot Ccot A = 1
A B B C C A
(iii) tan tan + tan tan + tan tan =1
2 2 2 2 2 2
A B C A B C
(iv) cot + cot + cot = cot cot cot
2 2 2 2 2 2

APNI KAKSHA 10
(MATHEMATICS) COMPOUND ANGLE
(v) sin 2 A + sin 2 B + sin 2C = 4sin Asin Bsin C
(vi) cos 2 A + cos 2 B + cos 2C = −1 − 4cos Acos Bcos C
A B C
(vii) sin A + sin B + sin C = 4cos cos cos
2 2 2
A B C
(viii) cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 + 4sin sin sin
2 2 2

Illustration 14: In any triangle ABC, sin A − cos B = cos C, then angle B is
(A) π/2 (B) π/3 (C) π/4 (D) π/6
Solution : We have sin A − cos B = cos C sin A = cos B + cos C
A A B+C B−C
⇒ 2sin cos = 2cos ( ) cos ( )
2 2 2 2
A A π−A B−C
⇒ 2sin cos = 2cos ( ) cos ( ) ∵A+B+C= π
2 2 2 2
A A A B−C
⇒ 2sin cos = 2sin cos ( )
2 2 2 2
A B−C
⇒ cos = cos or A = B − C; But A + B + C = π
2 2

Therefore 2 B = π ⇒ B = π/2
Ans. (A)
3π
Illustration 15 : If A + B + C = , then cos 2 A + cos 2 B + cos 2C is equal to-
2

(A) 1 − 4cos Acos Bcos C (B) 4sin Asin Bsin C

(C) 1 + 2cos Acos Bcos C (D) 1 − 4sin Asin Bsin C
Solution : cos 2 A + cos 2 B + cos 2C = 2cos (A + B)cos (A − B) + cos 2C
3π 3π
= 2cos ( 2 − C) cos (A − B) + cos 2C ∵ A + B + C = 2
2
= −2sin Ccos (A − B) + 1 − 2sin C = 1 − 2sin C[cos (A − B) + sin C]
3π
= 1 − 2sin C [cos (A − B) + sin ( 2 − (A + B))]
= 1 − 2sin C[cos (A − B) − cos (A + B)] = 1 − 4sin Asin Bsin C Ans.(D)
Do yourself - 10 :
(i) If ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral, then find the value of sin A + sin B − sin C − sin D
π
(ii) If A + B + C = 2 , then find the value of tan Atan B + tan Btan C + tan Ctan A
18. MAXIMUM & MINIMUM VALUES OF TRIGONOMETRIC EXPRESSIONS :
(i) acos θ + bsin θ will always lie in the interval [−√a2 + b 2 , √a2 + b 2 ] i.e. the maximum and
minimum values are √a2 + b 2 , −√a2 + b 2 respectively.
(ii) Minimum value of a2 tan2 θ + b2 cot 2 θ = 2ab where a, b > 0
(iii) −√a2 + b 2 + 2abcos (α − β) ≤ acos (α + θ) + bcos (β + θ) ≤
√a2 + b 2 + 2abcos (α − β) where α and β are known angles.

APNI KAKSHA 11
(MATHEMATICS) COMPOUND ANGLE
(iv) In case a quadratic in sin θ&cos θ is given then the maximum or minimum values can be
obtained by making perfect square.
π
Illustration 16: Prove that : −4 ≤ 5cos θ + 3cos (θ + 3 ) + 3 ≤ 10, for all values of θ.

Solution : We have,
π π π 13 3√3
5cos θ + 3cos (θ + 3 ) = 5cos θ + 3cos θcos − 3sin θsin = cos θ − sin θ
3 3 2 2

2 2
13 2 3√3 13 3√3 13 2 3√3
Since, − √( 2 ) + (− ) ≤ cos θ − sin θ ≤ √( 2 ) + (− )
2 2 2 2

13 3√3
⇒ −7 ≤ cos θ − sin θ ≤ 7
2 2
π
⇒ −7 ≤ 5cos θ + 3cos (θ + 3 ) ≤ 7 for all θ
π
⇒ −7 + 3 ≤ 5cos θ + 3cos (θ + 3 ) + 3 ≤ 7 + 3 for all θ
π
⇒ −4 ≤ 5cos θ + 3cos (θ + ) + 3 ≤ 10 for all θ
3
π π
Illustration 17: Find the maximum value of 1 + sin (4 + θ) + 2cos ( 4 − θ) −

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

π π
Solution : We have 1 + sin ( + θ) + 2cos ( − θ)
4 4
1 1
=1+ (cos θ + sin θ) + √2(cos θ + sin θ) = 1 + ( + √2) (cos θ + sin θ)
√2 √2
1 π 1
=1+( + √2) ⋅ √2cos (θ − 4 ) ∴ maximum value = 1 + ( + √2) ⋅ √2 = 4
√2 √2

Ans. (D)
Do yourself - 11 :
π
(i) Find maximum and minimum value of 5cos θ + 3sin (θ + 6 ) for all real values of θ.

(ii) Find the minimum value of cos θ + cos 2θ for all real values of θ.
(iii) Find maximum and minimum value of cos2 θ − 6sin θcos θ + 3sin2 θ + 2
19. IMPORTANT RESULTS :
1
(i) sin θsin (60∘ − θ)sin (60∘ + θ) = 4 sin 3θ
1
(ii) cos θ ⋅ cos (60∘ − θ)cos (60∘ + θ) = 4 cos 3θ

(iii) tan θtan (60∘ − θ)tan (60∘ + θ) = tan 3θ

(iv) cot θcot (60∘ − θ)cot (60∘ + θ) = cot 3θ
3
(v) (a) sin2 θ + sin2 (60∘ + θ) + sin2 (60∘ − θ) = 2
3
(b) cos2 θ + cos 2 (60∘ + θ) + cos 2 (60∘ − θ) = 2

(c) tan θ + tan (60∘ + θ) + tan (120∘ + θ) = 3tan 3θ

APNI KAKSHA 12
(MATHEMATICS) COMPOUND ANGLE
(vi) (a) If tan A + tan B + tan C = tan Atan Btan C, then A + B + C = nπ, n ∈ I
π
(b) If tan Atan B + tan Btan C + tan Ctan A = 1, then A + B + C = (2n + 1) 2 , n ∈ I
sin (2n θ)
(vii) cos θcos 2θcos 4θ … . cos (2n−1 θ) = 2n sin θ

(viii) (a) cot A − tan A = 2cot 2 A

(b) cot A + tan A = 2cosec 2 A
n−1 nβ
sin {α+( )β}sin ( )
(ix) sin α + sin (α + β) + sin (α + 2β) + ⋯ sin (α + ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
n − 1β) = 2
β
2
sin ( )
2

n−1 nβ
cos {α+( )β}sin ( )
(x) cos α + cos (α + β) + cos (α + 2β) + ⋯ + cos (α + ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
n − 1β) = 2
β
2
sin ( )
2

Do yourself - 12 :
π 3π 5π
(i) Evaluate sin + sin + sin + ⋯ … … to n terms
n n n

Miscellaneous Illustration :
Illustration 18 : Prove that
tan α + 2tan 2α + 22 tan2 α + ⋯ . . +2n−1 tan 2n−1 α + 2n cot 2n α = cot α
Solution : We know, tan θ = cot θ − 2cot 2θ Putting θ = α, 2α, 22 α in (i), we get
tan α = (cot α − 2cot 2α)
2(tan 2α) = 2(cot 2α − 2cot 22 α)
22 (tan 22 α) = 22 (cot 22 α − 2cot 23 α)
2n−1 (tan 2n−1 α) = 2n−1 (cot 2n−1 α − 2cot 2n α)
Adding,
tan α + 2tan 2α + 22 tan2 α + ⋯ … + 2n−1 tan 2n−1 α = cot α − 2n cot 2n α
∴ tan α + 2tan 2α + 22 tan2 α + ⋯ … . . +2n−1 tan 2n−1 α + 2n cot 2n α = cot α
A B C D 1
Illustration 19: If A,B,C and D are angles of a quadrilateral and sin sin sin 2 sin = 4, prove that
2 2 2

A = B = C = D = π/2.
A B C D
Solution : (2sin sin 2 ) (2sin sin 2 ) = 1
2 2

A−B A+B C−D C+D

⇒ {cos ( ) − cos ( )} {cos ( ) − cos ( )} = 1
2 2 2 2
Since, A + B = 2π − (C + D), the above equation becomes,
A−B A+B C−D A+B
⇒ {cos ( ) − cos ( )} {cos ( ) + cos ( )} = 1
2 2 2 2
A+B A+B A−B C−D A−B C−D
⇒ cos 2 ( ) − cos ( ) {cos ( ) − cos ( )} + 1 − cos ( ) cos ( )=0
2 2 2 2 2 2
A+B
This is a quadratic equation in cos ( ) which has real roots.
2

APNI KAKSHA 13
(MATHEMATICS) COMPOUND ANGLE
A−B C−D 2 A−B C−D
⇒ {cos ( ) − cos ( )} − 4 {1 − cos ( ) ⋅ cos ( )} ≥ 0
2 2 2 2
A−B C−D 2
(cos + cos ) ≥4
2 2
A−B C−D A−B C−D
⇒ cos + cos ≥ 2, Now both cos and cos ≤1
2 2 2 2
A−B C−D A−B C−D
⇒ cos = 1&cos =1⇒ =0=
2 2 2 2

⇒ A = B, C = D.
Similarly A = C, B = D ⇒ A = B = C = D = π/2

APNI KAKSHA 14
(MATHEMATICS) COMPOUND ANGLE
ANSWERS FOR DO YOURSELF
3 4 5 187 −133 −84 156
1. (i) 10πcm 2. (i) 5 , 5 , 3 (ii) 2 3. (i) 8 𝟒. (i) (a) 205 (b) (c) 205 (d) 205
205

1 √2−1 √2+1
5. (i) 𝟖. (i) (a) √ 2√2 (b) √ 2√2 (c) √2 − 1
√3

1 √5+1
9. (i) (a) − 2 (b) 10. (i) 0 (ii) 1
8
9
11. (i) 7& − 7 (ii) − 8 (iii) 4 + √10&4 − √10

12. (i) 0

APNI KAKSHA 15
(MATHEMATICS) COMPOUND ANGLE
EXERCISE – 1
1. If sin x + sin2 x = 1, then the value of cos2 x + cos4 x is –
(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) 1 (D) 3
𝟐. (sin6 θ + cos 6 θ) − 3(sin4 θ + cos4 θ) + 1 is equal to –
(A) 2 (B) 0 (C) 4 (D) 6
1 1
3. If tan A = − 2 and tan B = − 3, then A + B =
π 3π 5π 7π
(A) 4 (B) (C) (D)
4 4 4

4. cos 48 − sin 12 is equal to –

2 ∘ 2 ∘

√5−1 √5+1 √3−1 √3+1

(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 8 4 2√2
sin 8θcos θ−sin 6θcos 3θ
5. The expression cos 2θcos θ−sin 3θsin 4θ is equals –

(A) tan θ (B) tan 2θ (C) sin 2θ (D) cos 2θ

α+β
tan
6. If 3sin α = 5sin β, then 2
α−β =
tan
2

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

sin (A−C)+2sin A+sin (A+C)
7 . is equal to –
sin (B−C)+2sin B+sin (B+C)
sin A cos A sin C
(A) tan A (B) sin B (C) cos B (D) cos B
1+sin 2θ+cos 2θ
𝟖. =
1+sin 2θ−cos 2θ
1 1
(A) 2 tan θ (B) 2 cot θ (C) tan θ (D) cot θ

9. If A = tan 6∘ tan 42∘ and B = cot 66∘ cot 78∘ , then –

(A) A = 2B (B) A = 1/3 B (C) A = B (D) 3 A = 2 B
2π 4π
10. If x = ycos = zcos then xy + yz + zx =
3 3

(A) -1 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) 2

11. If tan α = (1 + 2−x )−1 , tan β = (1 + 2x+1 )−1 , then α + β =
(A) π/6 (B) π/4 (C) π/3 (D) π/2
12. If tan A + tan B + tan C = tan A ⋅ tan B. tan C, then –
(A) A,B,C must be angles of a triangle
(B) the sum of any two of A, B, C is equal to the third
(C) A + B + C must be n integral multiple of π
(D) None of these
13. The value of sin 10∘ + sin 20∘ + sin 30∘ + ⋯ . +sin 360∘ is equal to –
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) √3 (D) 2

APNI KAKSHA 16
(MATHEMATICS) COMPOUND ANGLE
14. The number of real solutions of the equation sin (ex ) = 2x + 2−x is –
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) 2 (D) Infinite
sin 3x
15. If f(x) = , x ≠ nπ, then the range of values of f(x) for real values of x is –
sin x

(A) [−1,3] (B) (−∞, −1] (C) (3, +∞) (D) [−1,3)
x+y
16. If cos x + cos y + cos α = 0 and sin x + sin y + sin α = 0, then cot ( )=
2

(A) sin α (B) cos α (C) cot α (D) 2sin α

π 3π 5π
17. The value of sin sin sin is :-
14 14 14
1 1 1
(A) 16 (B) 8 (C) 2 (D) 1

18. Maximum and minimum value of 2sin2 θ − 3sin θ + 2 is –

1 7 1 21 21 3 7
(A) 4 , − 4 (B) 4 , (C) ,−4 (D) 7, 8
4 4
π π
19. For θ ∈ (0, π/2), the maximum value of sin (θ + ) + cos (θ + ) is attained at θ =
6 6
π π π π
(A) 12 (B) 6 (C) 3 (D) 4

20. Minimum value of the expression cos 2 θ − (6sin θcos θ) + 3sin2 θ + 2, is –

(A) 4 + √10 (B) 4 − √10 (C) 0 (D) 4

APNI KAKSHA 17
(MATHEMATICS) COMPOUND ANGLE
EXERCISE – 2
1. Prove that : cos 2 α + cos2 (α + β) − 2cos αcos βcos (α + β) = sin2 β
2. Prove that : cos 2α = 2sin2 β + 4cos (α + β)sin αsin β + cos 2(α + β)
3. Prove that : tan α + 2tan 2α + 4tan 4α + 8cot 8α = cot α.
4. Prove that :
(a) tan 20∘ ⋅ tan 40∘ ⋅ tan 60∘ ⋅ tan 80∘ = 3
(b) tan 9∘ − tan 27∘ − tan 63∘ + tan 81∘ = 4.
π 3π 5π 7π 3
(c) sin4 + sin4 + sin4 + sin4 =2
16 16 16 16
7π π 3π 7π π
5. If X = sin (θ + 12 ) + sin (θ − 12) + sin (θ + 12 ) , Y = cos (θ + 12 ) + cos (θ − 12) + cos (θ +
3π X Y
), then prove that Y − X = 2tan 2θ.
12
m+n
6. If mtan (θ − 30∘ ) = ntan (θ + 120∘ ), show that cos 2θ = 2(m−n).
4 5 π
7. If cos (α + β) = 5 ; sin (α − β) = 13 &α, β lie between 0& 4 , then find the value of tan 2α.
√a+√b
8. If the value of the expression sin 25∘ ⋅ sin 35∘ ⋅ sin 85∘ can be expressed as , where a,b,c ∈
c

N and are in their lowest form, find the value of (a + b + c).

9. Prove that (4cos2 9∘ − 3)(4cos 2 27∘ − 3) = tan 9∘ .
tan A
10. If A + B + C = π, prove that ∑ (tan B⋅tan C) = Σ(tan A) − 2Σ(cot A)

11. If α + β = γ, prove that cos2 α + cos2 β + cos 2 γ = 1 + 2cos αcos βcos γ.

π (2k−1)π (2k+1)π (4k−1)π
12. Let P(k) = (1 + cos ) (1 + cos ) (1 + cos ) (1 + cos ), then find the
4k 4k 4k 4k

value of (a) P(5) and (b) P(6).

13. Calculate without using trigonometric tables :
2cos 40∘ −cos 20∘
(a) 4cos 20∘ − √3cot 20∘ (b) sin 20∘
π 3π 5π 7π
(c) cos6 + cos6 + cos 6 + cos6
16 16 16 16

(d) tan 10 − tan 50 + tan 70

∘ ∘ ∘

14. Given that (1 + tan 1∘ )(1 + tan 2∘ ) … . (1 + tan 45∘ ) = 2n , find n.

15. In a right angled triangle, acute angles A and B satisfy tan A + tan B + tan2 A + tan2 B +
tan3 A + tan3 B = 70 find the angle A and B in radians.

APNI KAKSHA 18
(MATHEMATICS) COMPOUND ANGLE
EXERCISE – 3
1
1. If 0 < x < π, and cos x + sin x = 2, then tan x is- [AIEEE-2006]

(1) (4 − √7)/3 (2) −(4 + √7)/3 (3) (1 + √7)/4 (4) (1 − √7)/4

4 5 π
2. Let cos (α + β) = 5 and let sin (α − β) = 13, where 0 ≤ α, β ≤ 4. Then tan 2α = [AIEEE-2010]
25 56 19 20
(1) 16 (2) 33 (3) 12 (4) 7

3. If A = sin2 x + cos4 x, then for all real x :- [AIEEE-2011]

3 13 3 13
(1) 1 ≤ A ≤ 2 (2) 4 ≤ A ≤ 16 (3) 4 ≤ A ≤ 1 (4) 16 ≤ A ≤ 1

4. In a △ PQR, if 3sin P + 4cos Q = 6 and 4sin Q + 3cos P = 1, then the angle R is equal to :
[AIEEE-2012]
3π 5π π π
(1) (2) (3) 6 (4) 4
4 6
tan A cot A
5. The expression 1−cot A + 1−tan A can be written as [JEE-MAIN 2013]

(1) sin Acos A + 1 (2) sec Acosec A + 1

(3) tan A + cot A (4) sec A + cosec A
𝟔. ABCD is a trapezium such that AB and CD are parallel and BC ⊥ CD. If ∠ADB = θ, BC = p and
CD = q, then AB is equal to [JEE-MAIN 2013]
(p2 +q2 )sin θ p2 +q2 cos θ p2 +q2 (p2 +q2 )sin θ
(1) pcos θ+qsin θ (2) pcos θ+qsin θ (3) p2 cos θ+q2sin θ (4) (pcos θ+qsin θ)2

7. ABCD is a trapezium such that AB and CD are parallel and BC ⊥ CD. If ∠ADB = θ, BC = p and
CD = q, then AB is equal to [JEE-MAIN 2013]
(p2 +q2 )sin θ p2 +q2 cos θ p2 +q2 (p2 +q2 )sin θ
(1) pcos θ+qsin θ (2) pcos θ+qsin θ (3) p2 cos θ+q2sin θ (4) (pcos θ+qsin θ)2
1
8. Let fK (x) = k (sink x + cosk x) where x ∈ R and k ≥ 1. Then f4 (x) − f6 (x) equals :

[JEE-MAIN 2014]
1 1 1 1
(1) 6 (2) 3 (3) 4 (4) 12

APNI KAKSHA 19
(MATHEMATICS) COMPOUND ANGLE
EXERCISE –4
π
1. Let θ ∈ (0, 4 ) and t1 = (tan θ)tan θ , t 2 = (tan θ)cot θ , t 3 = (cot θ)tan θ , t 4 = (cot θ)cot θ , then -

[JEE 06,3M,-1M]
(A) t1 > t 2 > t 3 > t 4 (B) t 4 > t 3 > t1 > t 2
(C) t 3 > t1 > t 2 > t 4 (D) t 2 > t 3 > t1 > t 4
One or more than one is/are correct: [Q.5(a) & (b)]
sin4 x cos4 x 1
2. (a) If + = 5, then [𝐉𝐄𝐄𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟗, 𝟒 + 𝟒]
2 3
2 sin8 x cos8 x 1
(A) tan2 x = 3 (B) + = 125
8 27
1 sin8 x cos8 x 2
(C) tan2 x = 3 (D) + = 125
8 27
π (m−1)π mπ
(b) For 0 < θ < 2 , the solution(s) of ∑6m=1 cosec (θ + ) cosec (θ + ) = 4√2 is (are) -
4 4
π π π 5π
(A) 4 (B) 6 (C) 12 (D) 12
1
3. (a) The maximum value of the expression sin2 θ+3sin θcos θ+5cos2 θ is

(b) Two parallel chords of a circle of radius 2 are at a distance √3 + 1 apart. If the chords subtend
π 2π
at the center, angles of k and where k > 0, then the value of [k] is –
k

[Note : [k] denotes the largest integer less than or equal to k ] [𝐉𝐄𝐄𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟎, 𝟑 + 𝟑]
4. Let P = {θ: sin θ − cos θ = √2cos θ} and Q = {θ: sin θ + cos θ = √2sin θ} be two sets. Then
(A) P ⊂ Q and Q − P ≠ ∅ (B) Q ⊄ P
(C) P ⊄ Q (D) P = Q [JEE 2011,3]

APNI KAKSHA 20
(MATHEMATICS) COMPOUND ANGLE
EXERCISE – 5
1. If x + y = 3 − cos 4θ and x − y = 4sin 2θ then
(A) x 4 + y 4 = 9 (B) √x + √y = 16

(C) x 3 + y 3 = 2(x 2 + y 2 ) (D) √x + √y = 2

nsin Acos A
2. If tan B = then tan (A + B) equals to
1−ncos2 A
sin A (n−1)cos A sin A sin A
(A) (1−n)cos A (B) (C) (n−1)cos A (D) (n+1)cos A
sin A
2π 4π 8π 2π 4π 8π
3. If A = sin + sin + sin and B = cos + cos + cos then √A2 + B2 is equal
7 7 7 7 7 7

(A) 1 (B) √2 (C) 2 (D) √3

2cos β−1 α β
4. If cos α = then tan ⋅ cot has the value equal to { where α, β ∈ (0, π)}
2−cos β 2 2

(A) 2 (B) √2 (C) 3 (D) √3

cos 3x 1 π sin 3x
5. If = 3 for some angle x, 0 ≤ x ≤ 2 , then the value of for some x, is
cos x sin x
7 5 2
(A) 3 (B) 3 (C) 1 (D) 3
5π √1−sin x+√1+sin x
6. If < x < 3π, then the value of the expression is
2 √1−sin x−√1+sin x
x x x x
(A) −cot (B) cot (C) tan (D) −tan
2 2 2 2

7. As shown in the figure AD is the altitude on BC and AD produced meets the circumcircle of
△ ABC at P where DP = x. Similarly EQ = y and FR = z. If a, b, c respectively denotes the sides
a b c
BC, CA and AB then 2x + 2y + 2z has the value equal to

(A) tan A + tan B + tan C (B) cot A + cot B + cot C

(C) cos A + cos B + cos C (D) cosec A + cosec B + cosec C
96sin 80∘ sin 65∘ sin 35∘
8. The exact value of sin 20∘ +sin 50∘ +sin 110∘ is equal to

(A) 12 (B) 24 (C) -12 (D) 48

9. The value of cot x + cot (60∘ + x) + cot (120∘ + x) is equal to :
3−9tan2 x
(A) cot 3x (B) tan 3x (C) 3tan 3x (D) 3tan x−tan3 x
π π
10. The value of cosec − √3sec is a
18 18

(A) surd (B) rational which is not integral

(C) negative integer (D) natural number
APNI KAKSHA 21
(MATHEMATICS) COMPOUND ANGLE
11. If tan x + tan y = 25 and cot x + cot y = 30, then the value of tan (x + y) is
(A) 150 (B) 200 (C) 250 (D) 100
12. If cos (α + β) + sin (α − β) = 0 and 2010tan β + 1 = 0, then tan α is equal to
1
(A) 1 (B) -1 (C) 2010 (D) 2010

13. In a right angled triangle the hypotenuse is 2√2 times the perpendicular drawn from the opposite
vertex. Then the other acute angles of the triangle are
π π π 3π π π π 3π
(A) 3 and 6 (B) 8 and (C) 4 and 4 (D) 5 and 10
8
1∘ 1∘ 1∘ 1∘
14. The value of cot 7 2 + tan 67 2 − cot 67 2 − tan 7 2 is :
(A) a rational number (B) irrational number
(C) 2(3 + 2√3) (D) 2(3 − √3)
15. If m and n are positive integers satisfying
cos mθ⋅sin nθ
1 + cos 2θ + cos 4θ + cos 6θ + cos 8θ + cos 10θ = then (m + n) is equal to
sin θ

(A) 9 (B) 10 (C) 11 (D) 12

Paragraph for Question Nos. 16 to 18
Consider the polynomial P(x) = (x − cos 36∘ )(x − cos 84∘ )(x − cos 156∘ )
16. The coefficient of x 2 is
1 √5−1
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) − 2 (D) 2
17. The coefficient of x is
3 3 3
(A) 2 (B) − 2 (C) − 4 (D) zero
18. The absolute term in P(x) has the value equal to
√5−1 √5−1 √5+1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D) 16
4 16 16

Multiple Objective Type :

cos x+cos 2x+cos 3x+cos 4x+cos 5x+cos 6x+cos 7x
19. Let y = , then which of the following hold good?
sin x+sin 2x+sin 3x+sin 4x+sin 5x+sin 6x+sin 7x

(A) The value of y when x = π/8 is not defined.

(B) The value of y when x = π/16 is 1 .
(C) The value of y when x = π/32 is √2 − 1.
(D) The value of y when x = π/48 is 2 + √3.
20. Two parallel chords are drawn on the same side of the centre of a circle of radius R. It is found
that they subtend an angle of θ and 2θ at the centre of the circle. The perpendicular distance
between the chords is
3θ θ θ θ
(A) 2Rsin sin (B) (1 − cos ) (1 + 2cos ) R
2 2 2 2
θ θ 3θ θ
(C) (1 + cos 2) (1 − 2cos 2) R (D) 2Rsin sin
4 4

APNI KAKSHA 22
(MATHEMATICS) COMPOUND ANGLE
EXERCISE – 6
1. (A) If y = 10cos2 x − 6sin xcos x + 2sin2 x, then find the greatest & least value of y.
(B) If y = 1 + 2sin x + 3cos 2 x, find the maximum & minimum values of y∀x ∈ R.
(C) If y = 9sec 2 x + 16cosec 2 x, find the minimum value of y for all permissible value of x.
π
(D) If a ≤ 3cos (θ + 3 ) + 5cos θ + 3 ≤ b, find a and b, where a is the minimum value & b is the

maximum value.
1 cos k
2. Let k = 1∘ , then prove that ∑88
n=0 cos nn⋅cos (n+1)k = sin2 k

A B C
3. If A + B + C = π; prove that tan2 + tan2 + tan2 ≥ 1.
2 2 2

4. (a) If 4sin x ⋅ cos y + 2sin x + 2cos y + 1 = 0 where x, y ∈ [0,2π] find the largest possible value
of the sum (x + y).
(b) If M and m denotes maximum and minimum value of √49cos 2 θ + sin2 θ +
√49sin2 θ + cos2 θ then find the value of (M + m).
5. Determine the smallest positive value of x (in degrees) for which tan (x + 100∘ ) = tan (x +
50∘ )tan tan(x − 50∘ ).
π
6. Find the positive integers p, q, r, s satisfying tan = (√p − √q)(√r − s).
24
1
7. If the product (sin 1∘ )(sin 3∘ )(sin 5∘ )(sin 7∘ ) … … … . . (sin 89∘ ) = 2n , then find the value of n.
(n−1)π nπ π
8. If f(θ) = ∑6n=1 cosec (θ + ) cosec (θ + ), where 0 < θ < 2 , then find the minimum value
4 4

of f(θ).
rπ rπ 1 π
9. Let x1 = ∏5r=1 cos and x2 = ∑5r=1 cos , then show that x1 ⋅ x2 = 64 (cosec − 1), where Π
11 11 22

denotes the continued product.

10. If x and y are real number such that x 2 + 2xy − y 2 = 6, find the minimum value of (x 2 + y 2 )2 .
π 3π 5π 7π
11. Find the exact value of tan2 + tan2 + tan2 + tan2
16 16 16 16

12. If ' θ ' is eliminated from the equations cos θ − sin θ = b and cos 3θ + sin 3θ = a, find the
eliminant.
13. Given that 3sin x + 4cos x = 5 where x ∈ (0, π/2). Find the value of 2sin x + cos x + 4tan x.

APNI KAKSHA 23
(MATHEMATICS) COMPOUND ANGLE
ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE – 1

1. C 2. B 3. B,D 4. B 5. B 6. D 7. B
8. D 9. C 10. B 11. B 12. C 13. A 14. B
15. D 16. C 17. B 18. D 19. A 20. B.

EXERCISE – 2

56 3−√5 2−√3 5
7. 8. 249 12. (a) ;(b) 13. (a) -1 , (b) √3, (c) 4, (d) √3
33 32 16
π 5π
𝟏𝟒. n = 23 15. and 12
12

EXERCISE – 3

1. 2 2. 2 3. 3 4. 3 5. 2 6. 1 7. 4

EXERCISE – 4
1. B 2. (a) A, B; (b) C,D 3. (a) 2; (b) k = 3 4. D

EXERCISE – 5

1. D 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. A 6. D 7. A
8. B 9. D 10. D 11. A 12. B 13. B 14. B
15. C 16. A 17. C 18. B 19. B,D 20. B,D

EXERCISE – 6
13
1. (a) ymax = 11, ymin = 1; (b) ymax = , ymin = −1; (c) 49 ; (d) a = −4& b = 10
3
23π
4. (a) (b) 18 𝟓. X = 30∘ 𝟔. p = 3, q = 2; r = 2; s = 1
6
89
𝟕. 𝟖. 2√2 9. 18 10. 28 12. a = 3 b − 2 b3 13. 5
2

APNI KAKSHA 24