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Machine_Learning_Basics

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Machine_Learning_Basics

Uploaded by

Mariela Ls
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic Documentary on Machine Learning

Introduction

Machine learning (ML) is a branch of artificial intelligence (AI) that allows systems to learn from data

and improve their performance over time without being explicitly programmed. The key idea is to

design algorithms that can identify patterns in data and make decisions or predictions based on it.

Machine learning is used in various applications, from image recognition to predictive analytics and

autonomous systems.

Types of Machine Learning

There are three primary types of machine learning:

1. **Supervised Learning**: In supervised learning, the algorithm is trained on a labeled dataset,

where the input data and the corresponding correct output are provided. The model learns to predict

the output for new, unseen data. Example applications include classification tasks (e.g., spam

detection) and regression tasks (e.g., house price prediction).

2. **Unsupervised Learning**: Unsupervised learning involves training a model on data without

labels. The algorithm tries to find hidden patterns or intrinsic structures in the data. Examples

include clustering (e.g., customer segmentation) and dimensionality reduction (e.g., PCA for feature

extraction).

3. **Reinforcement Learning**: In reinforcement learning, an agent learns to make decisions by

interacting with its environment. It receives feedback in the form of rewards or penalties based on its

actions and strives to maximize cumulative rewards. Example applications include robotic control

and game playing.


Basic Components of Machine Learning

1. **Data**: Data is the fundamental input for any machine learning algorithm. The quality, quantity,

and diversity of the data directly affect the model's performance.

2. **Model**: A model is an algorithm or mathematical representation that makes predictions or

decisions based on the input data. Examples include decision trees, neural networks, and support

vector machines.

3. **Algorithm**: An algorithm is a set of rules or instructions followed by a machine learning model

to learn from data and make predictions. Examples of machine learning algorithms include linear

regression, k-nearest neighbors, and deep learning algorithms.

4. **Training and Testing**: Models are trained using a training dataset and evaluated using a

testing dataset to assess their performance and generalization ability.

Applications of Machine Learning

Machine learning has numerous applications across various domains:

- **Healthcare**: Machine learning is used for predictive analytics, medical image analysis, drug

discovery, and personalized medicine.

- **Finance**: Fraud detection, credit scoring, and algorithmic trading are some applications of

machine learning in the finance sector.

- **Retail and E-Commerce**: Recommender systems, customer segmentation, and demand

forecasting are common machine learning applications in retail.

- **Autonomous Systems**: Self-driving cars and drones use machine learning algorithms to

navigate, avoid obstacles, and make decisions in real-time.

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