THE MALAWI NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS BOARD REGULATIONS AND SYLLABUSES FOR THE MALAWI SCHOOL CERTIFICATE OF EDUCATION EXAMINATION MANEB JULY 2020MSCE REGULATIONS AND SYLLABUSES - MANEB Acknowledgement ‘The Malawi National Examinations Board (MANEB) would like to thank all those who participated in various capacities, stages and levels in the development, refinement and final production of this Malawi School Certificate of Education examination syllabus. MANEB is particularly indebted to the following for their contributions at various stages of the development of the examination syllabus: Examinations Development Officers and Research and Evaluation Officers from MANEB, Curriculum Specialists ftom Malawi Institute of Education, Inspectors and Methods Advisors from Ministry of Education and subject specialists who are practicing teachers from Ministry of Education, Special thanks also go to Prof. D. Nampota from Chancellor College, Dr. J. Namphande from Chancellor College, Dr. F. Kholowa from Chancellor College and Mr. D.D. Yadidi for their role as resource persons during the development of this syllabus.(MSCE REGULATIONS AND SYLLABUSES - MANEB Table of contents 1.0 Introduction 8 2.0. Regulations forthe Melawi Schoo! Certificate of Education examination 9 2.1 Blegibility of candidates 9 2.2 Approval of examination syllabuses and examinations... 9 2.3 Equivalent standard of MSCE .. ‘. 24 — Subjects at MSCE . 2.5 Emtries for MSCE 2.6 Registration of candidates ... 27. (raneter obennidaies ee 2.8 Examination dates and timetables . 2.9 Administration of examinations - 2.10 Medical fitness of candidates .. 2.11 Administration of examinations to candidates with special education needs - 2.12 Administration of practical instructions . 2.13 Disqualification of candidates 2.14 Release of examination results 2.1 Examination results queries ...... 2.16 Retiark of examination scripts .. 2.17 Candidates certification : 218 Issue of notification of results slips ..,..2 2.19 Replacement of lost certificate 2.20 Replacement of damaged certificate 3.0. MSCE Additional Mathematics examination syllabus 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Aims ofthe syllabus . 3.3. Assessment objectives 3.4 Assessment format .. 3.9 Performance grade desert 3.6 — References - 4.0. MSCE Agrivulture examination syllabus 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Aims of the syllabus 4.3 Assessment objectives 44 Assessment format .... : 4.5 Performance grade descriptors 4.6 — References ...... 5:0 | MSCE Bible Knowledge examination syllabus 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Aims of the syllabus 5.3 Assessment objectives 5.4 Assessment format’... 5.5 Performance grade descriptors6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 [MSCE REGULATIONS AND SYLLABUSES - MANEB 5.6 References. MSCE Biology examination syllabus 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Aims ofthe syllabus . 63 Assessment objectives .. 6.4 — Assessment format ... 6.5 Performance grade destino. 64 6.6 References ......... 65 MSCE Business Studies examination syllabus coves 66 7.1 Introduction... 7.2 Aims ofthe syllabus. 7.3 Assessment objectives .. 74 Assessment format ........eeccee 7.5 Performance grade descriptors 7.6 References MSCE Chemistry examination syllabus 8.1, Introduction... 8.2 Aims of the syllabus ... 8.3 Assessment objectives .. 8.4 Assessment format . 8.5 Performance grade descriptors 8.6 References : MSCE Chichewa examination sylabus .. 9.1 Zolinga zikuluzikulu za silabasi 9.2 Zolinga za mayeso a chichewa 9.3. Mndandanda wa mayeso. 9.4 Tsatanetsatane wa mayeso,.....cesscceseeee 9.5 Muyeso wa kakhozedwe pa mayeso a chichewa cha MSCE. 9.6 Mabuku MSCE Clothing and Textile examination syllabus 10.1 Introduction. 102 Aims ofthe syllabus - 10.3.” Assessment objectives 0.0... 10.4 Assessment format - 10.5 Performance grade descriptors . 10.6 References ..... eee ee ee eee ne MSCE Computer Studies examination syllabus .........0.ccessesessssereeee 100 11.1 Introduetion......... oe .- 100 11.2 Aims of the syllabus ... : 100 11.3 Assessment objectives .. - 100 11.4 Assessment format zi 103 11.5 Performance grade descriptors . 104 11.6 References ............... a 105MMSCE REGULATIONS AND SYLLABUSES - MANEB 12.0 MSCE Creative Arts examination syllabus serteeeeen 106 12.1 Introduction seri 106 12.2 Aims of the syllabus... : . 106 12.3. Assessment objectives ......... : 106 12.4 Assessment format - MW 12.5 Performance grade descriptors. 12 12.6 References 113 13.0 MSCE English éxamination syllabus. 1d 13.1 Introduction 114 13.2. Aims of the syllabus . ANd 13.3 Assessment objectives .. sew 4 13.4 Assessment format : od 13.5 Details of the examination papers 114 13.6 Performance grade descriptors ... 121 13.7 References . 122 140 Lesyllabus d’examens pour le fangais 123 14.1 Les buts devaluation (aims of assessment) 123 14.2 Les objectifs d’evaluation (assesstiient objectives) 123 14.3 Modele d’évaluation (assessment format) ........ oe . 123 14.4 Les détails de l'evaluation (details of the examination) vu 123 14.5 Les niveaux de competences en msce (Performance grade descriptors) .. + 128 14.6 Manuels approuvés (core textbooks) . Bae 129 15.0 MSCE Geography examination syllabus eevee 130 15.1 Introduction... re 130 15.2 Aims of the syllabus 130 . 15.3. Assessment objectives ...... 130 15.4 Assessment format .......... . i 143 15.5 Performance grade descriptors ..... 144 15.6 References onsen . 144 16.0 MSCE History examination syllabus 145 16.1 Introduction... . 145 16.2 Aims of the syllabus eo 145 16.3 Assessment objectives 145 16.4 Assessment format . 153 16.5 Performance grade descriptors 154 16.6 References 154 17.0 MSCE Home Economies examination syllabus ee 155 17.1 _ Introduction... 17.2. Aims of the syllabus 17.3 Assessment objectives 17.4 Assessment format .. 17.5 Performance grade descriptors . 17.6 References18.0 19.0 20.0 21.0 22.0 23.0 MSCE REGULATIONS AND SYLLABUSES - MANEB MSCE Mathematics examination syllabus .... 18.1 Introduction. .... 18.2 Aims of the syllabus .. 18.3 Assessment objectives . 18.4 Assessment format ... 18.5 Performance grade descriptors 18.6 References MSCE Metalwork examination syllabus 19.1 Introduction. 19.2. Aims of the syllabus 19.3 Assessment objectives ......... 19.4 Assessment format “ 19.5 Performance grade descriptors 19.6 References ... MSCE Physics examination syllabus .. 20.1 Introduction............. 20.2 Aims of the syllabus 20.3 Assessment objectives ... 20.4 Assessment format 20.5 Performance grade descriptors 20.6 References .. : : MSCE Religious and Moral Education examination syllabus 2A Introduction.......ccc000 21.2 Aims of the syllabus 21.3 Assessment objectives ...... 21.4 Assessment format : 21,5 Performance grade Seseriptors i 21.6 References see MSCE Social Affairs examination syllabus : _ 22.1. Introduction. 22.2. Aims of the syllabus 22.3. Assessment objectives ae 22.4 Assessment format ... 22.5 Performance grade descriptors . 22.6 References . MSCE Technical Drawing examination sylabus 23.1. Introduction. 23.2 Aims of the syllabus . 23.3 Assessment objectives .. 23.4. Assessment format .. - 23.5. Performance grade descriptors .........+. 23.6 References24.0 MSCE ‘Woodwork examination syllabus 24.1 24.2 24.3 24.4 24.5 24.6 MSCE REGULATIONS AND SYLLABUSES - MANEB 227 Introduction, Be te eee Aims of te syllabus .......... ee oon Assessment objectives ...... fee er Assessment format eae Performance grade descriptors 233 References .. 233(MSCE REGULATIONS AND SYLLABUSES - MANEB REGULATIONS AND SYLLABUSES FOR THE MALAWI SCHOOL CERTIFICATE OF EDUCATION EXAMINATION 1.0 INTRODUCTION The Malawi National Examinations Board (MANEB) is an examining body responsible for developing, administering and processing of the national ¢xatninations. It was founded in 1987 as a result ofa merger between the Malawi Certificate” Examinations and Testing Board and the Examinations Section of the Ministry of Education. The Malawi Certificate Examinations and Testing Board was created in 1969 by an Act of Parliament to take charge of the process of localising the development and administeration of the School Leaving Certificate Examinations at ordinary level. “ From its origin, MANEB was principally responsible for management of three public examinations, namely; the Primary School Leaving Certificate of Education (PSLCE) Examination, Junior Centificate of Education (ICE) Examination and the Malawi School Certificate of Education (MSCE) Examination. Over the years its mandate expanded and included management of Primary Teacher Certificate of Education (PTCE) Examination and Malawi Craft Examination, The Malawi Craft Examinations was, however, moved to Ministry of Labour ini the 2018/19 academic year as, part of reforms under Public Service Reform initiative. “The effective and efficient pursuit of the aforementioned mandate requires concerted and coordinated effort which includes development of-.effective Regulations and Examination Syllabuses for the Malawi School Certificate of Education examination so that MANEB remains a highly credible examining body in the region and beyond. ‘The Regulations and Examination Syllabuses for MSCE will be an open and transparent approach to evaluating adherence to best assessment practices. The Regulations and Examination Syllabuses will give MANEB, candidates, teachers and all stakeholders the tools needed to revitalize the performance of candidates at national examinations and also assist MANEB raise level of the organisational achievement in national assessment. This document outlines regulations during the following examination processes; registration of candidates, examination administration and processing, release of examination results and certification. The document also outlines contents of the assessment syllabuses for MSCE subjects and these include assessment aims, objectives, patterns and performance grade descriptors The document has two parts, the first part stipulates the regulations on the conduct of national examinations with regard to registration of candidates, administration of examinations and certification of successful candidates. The second part outlines the examination syllabuses for the subjects that are administered at MSCE level. The examination syllabus for each subject addresses the aims of the syllabus, assessment objectives for the particular subject, assessment format for the subject and performance grade descriptors expected to be displayed by candidates at MSCE.MSCE REGULATIONS AND SYLLABUSES - MANEB 2.0 REGULATIONS FOR THE MALAWI SCHOOL CERTIFICATE OF EDUCATION EXAMINATION MANEB is committed to achieve its mission of testing candidates for certification, selection and placement by developing and administering nationally and internationally recognized examinations for the social and economic development of Malawi. There is therefore need to ensure that management of examinations is uniform national wide and across the years. The regulations stipulated in this document would ensure standardized management of examinations and enhance a coordinated effort to realise MANEB’s mission. These regulations have linkages with other relevant policies and documentation such as the MANEB Act (1987), Policy and Procedures for Management of National Examinations, Rules and Regulations on the Conduct of National Examinations and all othet Government regulations and policies. The regulations would address a number of issues and among them are; elegibility of candidates, registration requirements, administration of the examination, release of results, awarding of candidates, issuing of certificates and administrgtion of the examination to candidates with special education needs. “ 24 Elegibility of candidates ‘The MSCE examination shall be taken by a. school (internal) candidates at the conclusion of the approved senior secondary school course b. extemal candidates who have been prepared with MSCE teaching syllabuses at an institution which has been approved byMinistry of Education (MoE) and MANEB, ¢. open distance and e-learning candidates who have been prepared with MSCE teaching syllabuses at an Open Day Secondary School approved by the Malwi College of Distance Education (MCDE). d. candidates who have attempted the MSCE examination before as school candidates and wish to re-sit the examination in subsequent years 2.2 Approval of examination syllabuses and examinations + Examination syllabuses and examinations to be administered shall be approved by the Malawi ‘National Examinations Board. 2.3. Equivalent standard of MSCE ‘A pass with credit in a subject of the Malawi School Certificate of Education is equivalent to a pass at Ordinary level in a corresponding subject of the General Certificate of Education in the United Kingdom, :24 ‘MSCE REGULATIONS AND SYLLABUSES - MANEB Subjects at MSCE There are twenty two subjects at MSCE and they are as follows: NO. SUBJECT CODE _| SUBJECT NAME NUMBER OF PAPERS 1 MI32 ____| Additional Mathematics 2 {2 Tmo12 ‘Agriculture rs 2 2 M021 Bible Knowledge i a [4] md22 Biology a 2 3 [Mo23 Business Studies 2 6 [M032 Chichewa | 3 7 /M038 ‘Chemistry 2 3 [M034 ‘Clothing and Textile : 2 9 [M039 ‘Computer Studies 2 10_| MO1s (Creative Arts 2 ii | Mos2 English 3 12 | Moe! French _ 3 13_ | Mo73 Geography 2 14 | Most History 2 [15 Mog2, Home Economics 2 16 | M131 Mathematics ie 17_ | M133 Metalwork = 18 Mi64 Physics oe 19 | M182 __ Religious and Moral Educatton 1 20__| M199 | Social Affairs 2 i 21 | M201 Technical Drawin; 2 22 [M231 [Woodwork 2 2.8 Entry requirements ‘The entry requirements for MSCE shall be as follows: a. school candidates must enter for at least six subjects on their first entry, one of whieh must be English, The Ministry of Education also requires that all school candidates must ‘enter for Mathematics on their first entry external candidates may enter for one or more subjects at a time ©. Thete is no limit to the number of subjects candidates can enter for at any one examination but schools/institutions shall provide guidance to candidates on the combinations of subjects depending on the routes offered at the schoolinsttution d. Schools/institutions must conform with the requirements in connection with Continuous ‘Assessment and coursework in subjects with such requirements as set out in the current curriculum and/or as referred to in the MANEBs circulars‘MSCE REGULATIONS AND SYLLABUSES - MANEB 2.6 Registration of candidates MANEB shall: a, provide registration template to its approved examination centres to ensure uniformity in data capture b. issue circular letter to approved examination centres and stakeholders on ‘commencement and closing dates for registration, payment of examination fees and ID. + fees and submission of registration documents to MANEB ¢. determine examination and ID fees rates from time to time 4. charge penalty on late submission of ID photo collection forms per candidate's ID photo at a rate to be determined by MANEB from time to,time €. not effect changes/corrections of candidates’ particulars and) or subject entries after closure of the nominal roll verification process DEMs shall a, ascertain that registration data for all schools in their respective districts is timely submitted to MANEB b. only accept examination registration data from centres which have remitted their centre administration fees to them Head Teacher or his/tier representative shall: a b. © sign for the entries, as confirmation that all the eptries are correct observe deadlines for registration of candidates ensure that the maximum number of externals does not exceed 70% of the registered internal candidates ensure timely remittance of examination fees and ID fees to MANEB ensure timely depositing of examination fees and ID fees in relevant MANEB bank accounts as stipulated by MANEB submit candidates’ signed registration spreadsheets and copies of deposit slips to DEMs ‘as evidence of examination fees and ID fees payment ensure that schools without MANEB centre numbers shall be required to register their candidates as external candidates of ne&rby schools which have MANEB centre numbers, in liaison with the DEM ensure that serving teachers shall not register for examinations as candidates at the schools where they are teaching ensure that candidates register for examinations in MANEB approved examination centres ‘ensure that they register candidates in liaison with District Educé and with guidance from MANEB . be liable to pay’a penalty fée at a rate determined by MANEB if they remit candidates’ examination fees and ID fees later than the stipulated deadline mn Managers (DEMs) Candidates shall: a pay examination fees and ID fees during registration u27 28 29 MSCE REGULATIONS AND SYLLABUSES - MANEB b. verify the accuracy of registration data and sign against their names before final submission of the data to MANEB €. be liable to pay a penalty fee which shall be stipulated by MANEB from time to time if they pay examination fees and or ID fees later than the deadline 44. not be refunded the paid examination fees. Transfer of candidates na a. a candidate shall sit for examination at the centre where he/she registered for the examination b, examination centres shall ensure that students who were suspended/expelled after registering for examinations sit for the examinations at the centre where they had registered for the examination . ©. examination centres shall ensure that students who have school fees balances write examinations at the centre where they registered for the examination d. examination centres shall request MANEB in writing to withhold results of candidate(s) who have school fees balance and/or any other issues with the school ©. examination centres shall write MANEB to release withheld results as in (@) upon amicable resolution of the issues with the concerned candidate(s) f MANEB shall not transfer candidate(s) from one examination centre to another Examination dates and timetable a. examination dates shall be indicated on the examination timetables b. MANEB shall be responsible for compiling the examination timetables ¢. examination centres and other stakeholders shall be furnished with the examination timetable six months before the start of examinations d. schools shall display examination timetables on their notice boards for all candidates to see : ¢. no changes shall be made on an official examination timetable unless under the directive of MANEB. Administration of examinations a, Examinations shall be administered in MANEB approved Cluster or Lone Centres, b, Administration of Continuous Assessment (CA) activities that may contribute marks to the national examination shall be conducted following assessment guidelines laid down by MANEB. : ¢. Examinations shall be admi tered during a period approved by MANEB. 4. Administrators of examinations at an examination centre shall comprise a Supervisor, Invigilator(s) And a Security officer. €, Administrators of national examinations shall be briefed on proper conduct of examinations by MANEB and other stakeholders. £ No examination administrator shall be allowed to conduct national examinations without being briefed. g. No examination administrator shall be allowed to attempt answering examination questions in the course of administering an examination 12SCE REGULATIONS AND SYLLABUSES - MANEB Supervisors, invigilators and security officers shall find their own accommodation and shall not be accommodated in houses owned or occupied by officials of the feeder schools or examination centres. Supervisors, invigilators and security officers shall not demand or receive anything of monetary or non- monetary value or any form of entertainment that would influence their actions and decisions in the process of administering national examinations. The supervisors and invigilators shall jointly: fe ensure that furniture is available and that each candidate sits at a desk that is at a distance of 1.4m from another desk; fi, ensure that candidates from feeder schools (internal, extemal and ODL) have been introduced to them and that they have MANEB identity cards; iii, engure that they receive all the necessary dociimertts (for internal, external and ODL candidates from feeder schools ¢.g. nominal rolls and candidate code of conduct); iv, arrange attendance registers according to the examination timetable; v. practice sitting arrangements with candidates. In the cluster seating plan candidates from the same school shall not sit next to each other; vi, read regulations to’ candidates én condugt of examinations; Vii, make sure that the candidates have signed their names on the candidate declaration form; viii, ensure availability of facilities for storage of examination materials at the cluster centre/lone centre; and . ix. make sure thst each candidate signs on the attendance register for each subject he/she’ writes : There shall be one invigilator for every 100 candidates or tess where candidates are w iting examinations in a hall and one invigilator for each examination room where there are several examination rooms. No candidate shall be allowed into an examination room 30 minutes after the start of the examinations. Examination papers and other stationery that may be required during any examination session shall be delivered at the examination centre by officers assigned by MANEB. 2.10 Medical fitness of candidates a A candidate who falls sick while writing an examination paper shall be allowed to continue writing if he/she shall be able to do so. A supervisorfinvigilator shall compile a report on the incident of sickness of the candidate and shall submit the report to MANEB.” A sick candidate shall be required to submit a medical report to MANEB through the supervisor/invigilator. No sick candidate shall be allowed to write examinations in the hostels, clinics or hospitals. 3MSCE REGULATIONS AND SYLLABUSES - MANEB istration of examinations to candidates with special educational needs (SEN) Candidates with Special Educational Needs shall be registered just like any other candidate. Thereafter, schools shall be required to inform MANEB, in writing through the DEMs, the presence of the candidates with Special Educational Needs at their centres. Depending on the nature and severity -of" the disability, candidates with Special Educational Needs shall be exempted from part(s) of an examination which they cannot perform. Schools shall be required to submit’ written request for an exemption from a componenvipart of an examination to MANEB. Authorization for an exemption will only be given when there are substantial grounds for the request. Some candidates with severe cases of disabilities (who.'cannot hold pen and paper and write on their. own) shall be examined orally. MANEB shall ensure that all candidates requiring oral examination arrangements are assessed for their needs. Braille and Large Print question papers shall be provided for candidates with total visual impairment and candidates with low ‘sion, respectively. The attendance registers for a Special Educational Needs (SEN) candidate who exempted from a component part of an, examination shall be marked SEN since the candidate is not absent but exempted. All candidates with Special Educational Needs shall sign the subject attendance register. Where a candidate is unable to sign, a thumb print shall be used or the candidate’s name shall be written. All candidates with low vision at a centre shall sit for examinations in the regular setting together with all other candidates while candidates with visual impairment and those with severe cases of disabilities shall sit for examinations in special rooms, All candidates with visual impairment and those with severe cases of disabilities shall sit for modified examination papers that accommodate their educational needs. These examinations shall include practical examinations. Specialist invigilators shall be allocated to cdhdidates with visual impairment and those with severe cases of disabilities when they are in separate room(s). 2.12 Administration of practical examinations Subjects with practical papers shall be administered to candidates upon centres satisfying the following approved by MANEB shall administer practical examinations candidates shall sit for practical examinations in the centres or institutions they registered for the examination examination centres or institutions shall provide to candidates materials and all requirements for the practical examinations23 (MSCE REGULATIONS AND SYLLABUSES - MANEB Disqualification of candidates At the discretion of MANEB, any candidate shall be disqualified if he/she: a. introduces or tries to introduce material not authorized by MANEB into the examination b. communicates or tries to communicate in anyway with another person during the examination - c. is wholly or partially responsible for ethér kind of misconduct or disruption in connection with the examination which might affect his/her own results or the results of other candidates ‘At the discretion of MANEB, a candidate shall be disqualified from the paper in which the offence was committed or from the whole examination, ’ 2.14 25 216 247 Release of examinations results a, Examinations results shall be released upon approval by the Board, b. Examinations results shall be sent to examination centres through the DEMs. cc. The Pass list shall be uploaded onto MANEB website. Examinations results queries a, Schools shall be accorded an opportunity to submit examination results queries in writing to MANEB within 30 days after the release of the results b. The deadline for submission of queries shall be indicated in the Press Release on release of the examination results. He ¢. MANEB shall not entertain any queries received after the stipulated deadline. Re-marking of examination scripts a. Re-marking of scripts shall only apply to MSCE examination. Candidates that are not satisfied with their grades shall apply for re-marking within 30 days after release of examination results, c. MANEB shall remark an examination script, provided that: i. the application is made ip writing through a re-mark application form; ji, the application is submitted within the time specified after the official publication of results; antl iii, the applicable fee is paid 4. The Board shall make the final decision on re-mark results Candidates certification a, A candidate shall be awarded an MSCE certificate if he/she either passes six subjects including English and one credit in any of those subjects or passes five subjects including English with at least three credits in those subjects. b. MSCE candidates shall collect their certificates from their respective examination centres, 15‘MSE REGULATIONS AND SYLLABUSES - MANEB €. Schools that close down shall surrender all candidates" uncollected MSCE certificates to MANEB office. 4. Upon death, MSCE certificate for the deceased shall be returned to MANEB office. 2.18 Issuance of notification of results slips a, candidates shall receive a notification of results slip showing the grade achieved in every subject 2 b, grades obtained in all subjects shall also be shown on the certificates awarded to all successful candidates ©. grades shall be indicated on the notification of results slip and certificate as follows: grades 1 to 2 denote a distinction grades 3 to 6 denote a pass with credit grades 7 10.8 denote a pass grade 9 denotes a failure grades 1 to 6 are the equivalent standard of a GCE ‘O’level pass a candidate who does not submit his or her Continuous Assessment score or coursework in any subject which requires himor her to do so shall not be graded in that subject 2.19 Replacement of lost certificate a. MANEB shall replace a lost certificate by producing a certifying statement “b. The certifying statement shall be produced upon request at a fee to be determined by MANEB from time to time. c. The application for the certifying statement shall comprise: i. Application letter from owner of certificate ii, Police report : iii, Reference from a notable person eg local village head, pastor, sheikh, lawyer, applicants employer iv, Reference letter from candidate's former school or from the DEM, if the school is no longer operational . v. National ID and/or MANEB ID vi. Bank deposit slip or MANEB receipt 2.20 Replacement of damaged certificate a MANEB shail replace a damaged certificate either by reprinting it or producing a certifying statement b. Reprinting of certificate or production of certifying statement shall be done upon request at a fee to be determined by MANEB from time to time. ©. The application for the replacement shall comprise i. Application letter from owner of certificate Police report A copy of the damaged certificate (where applicable) 16‘MSCE REGULATIONS AND SYLLABUSES - MANEB iv.’ Reference letter from candidate’s former school or from the DEM, if the school is no longer operational v. National ID and/or MANEB ID vi, Bank deposit slip or MANEB receipt 2.21 Issuance of a certificate by accumulation MANEB shall process a certificate by accumulation pon request from a jividual candidate. The candidate shall be expected to satisfying the following: lish with one credit pass in four obtaining a minimum of six passes including E consecutive years of the same curriculum filling an application form indicating his or her academic record paying a processing fee that shal] be determined by MANES from time to time 7IMSCE REGULATIONS AND SYLLABUSES - MANEB EXAMINATION SYLLABUSES FOR THE MALAWI SCHOOL CERTIFICATE OF EDUCATION EXAMINATIONS 3.0 MSCE ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS EXAMINATION SYLLABUS 3.1. INTRODUCTION Additional Mathematics is an elective subject of which the examination is written at MSCE level only. The rationale for assessment in Additional Mathematics is to determine candidates’ abilities to solve real life problems in the ever-changing world. It further helps check candidates’ intellectual competence in logical problem solving, spatial visualization and abstract thinking, among others. Assessment also focuses on identifying candidates’ levels of understanding of mathematical concepts or skills and their abilities to apply Additional Mathematics in areas such as Agriculture, Biology, Physics, Chemistry and Engineering. 3.2 AIMS OF THE SYLLABUS The following are the aims of Additional Mathematics examination syllabus: a. To demonstrate understanding through the application of functions, graphs, Cartesian Geometry and inequalities. ee b. To demonstrate understanding of power series and use binomial theorem, geometric and arithmetic progression to solve real lifer problems. c. To demonstrate understanding of trigonometric relationships. d. To demonstrate understanding of the knowledge and skills of vectors, matrices and mechanics. ¢. To demonstrate understanding of limits, derivatives and anti-derivatives. f£ To handle, analyse and interpret data and statistical information for decision making. 3.3. ASSESSMENT OBJECTIVES 3.3.1. Core Element: Functions and Graphs 3.3.1.1 Topic: Functions 2 In this topic candidates should be able to: a. Find the following: = images of polynomial, exponential, and logarithmic fimctions using given functions = minimum and maximum values of quadratic functions by completing the square = inverses of given fimnctions. b. combine two functions to find composite functions in the form f g(x) or f° g(x) and f? @) = fF@), c. sketch graphs: = of quadratic equations and find turning points by completing the square ~ to show relationships between functions and their inverses = to solve real life problems involving functions, 18MSCE REGULATIONS AND SYLLABUSES - MANEB 3.3.1.2 Topic: Cartesian Geometry In this topic candidates should be able to: a. Find the following: = an equation of the circle = the equation of a tangent to a cirele : ~ the centre and radius of the circle from its"equation calculate distance from the centre of the circle to the tangent at the point of contact ¢. solve real life problems involving Cartesian Geometry 3.3.1.3 Topie: Graphs In this topic candidates should be able to: ae a. Determine the following: ~ linear laws from given functions in the form of y = kx" ory = kn* from given data by graphical method - laws of growth and decay using exponential equations b. solve exponential equations using graphs ¢. interpret graphs of exponential equatfons to make informed decisions 3.3.1.4 Topic: Inequalities In this topic candidates should be able to: . a. Find the following: + critical points of inequalities by factorisation and completing the square ~ solutions of quadratic inequalities using graphs and tables b. Solve the following: ~ inequalities involving absolute values ~ real life problems involving inequalities. interpret quadratic inequalities of the form (x-+ a)(x +b) <0, , < or > d. sketch inequalities involving absolute values’. e |x—a|. apply properties of sigma notation of the form Ska,=kDia,, Da,+8)-Da+Ls, Dears =Le+2Lab+ Pe cc. determine whether series are convergent or divergent 3 Core Element: Trigonometry ° 3.3.3.1: Topic: Trigonometry In this topic candidates should be able to: a. Calculate the following: = six Trigonometric ratios in a unit circle = trigonometric ratios of angles of any magnitude in degrees = angles of any magnitude from given Trigonometric ratios = arc lengths and areas of sectors using ridian measure = period, phase shift, wavelength and amplityde using sine and cosine functions convert angles from degrees to radians and vice versa ©. Draw: = graphs of sine, cosine and tangent for angles of any magnitude and use them to find angles of any trigonometric ratio = transformations of trigonometric graphs of the form y = sin(ax), y = Asinx, y = cos(ax), y = Acosx and y = Beos(a +) 4. describe the nature of transformation of Trigonometric graphs (translation, rotation, reflection and enlargement) simplify Trigonometric expressions using Trigonometric identities sin?@ + cos?8 tan6 ee 1+ cot?@ = csc?@, tan2@ + 1 = sec?0 simplify Trigonometric expressions using addition and double angle formulae prove identical Trigonometric expressions: solve simple Trigonometric equations for angles 0 < 6 < 360° apply Trigonometry to calculate areas of different shapes . ee 3.3.4 Core Element: Calculus 3.3.4.1 Topic: Limits In this topic candidates should be able to: a. calculate limits of the form f(x) = ax” and fc) = ax" +b 20MSCE REGULATIONS AND SYLLABUSES - MANEB ». use principles of limits to calculate limits of the forms f(x) + g(x), F)g(x), £2 and fax) ae) in this topic candidates should be able to: a. Find the following: 4 ~ derivatives of polynomials of degree less than 4 using first principles ~ the maximum or minimum of given situations ~ small increments ofa finetion when a variable has marginal changes ~ small increments ofa variable when a function has marginal changes ~ the equations of tangents to curves of the form y= x) when f(x) = ax” and f(x) = xtsinx = the equations of normal to curves of the form y= fx) b. differentiate the following: - polynomials using power rule ie when f(x) =x” , then f'G) = nx"? and ‘Trigonometric functions of the form f(x) = Asinx +a products, quotients and functions éf functions ¢. determine the nature of turning points by: * ~ using 2 = 0 and find corresponding xiand y values at the turning points ~ finding the signs of gradient to the immediate lft and right of the turning point ~ ‘using the second derivative d. Calculate rates of change for the following: ~ given functions ~ real life problems ©. evaluate rates of change of two related variables when one variable has marginal changes 3.3.4.3 Topie: Integration In this topic candidates should be able to: a. Integrate: polynomials of the form [Aptapde = Af fae; [saat =f ard J gosae ~ composite function by reversing the method of chain rule (substitution method) = functions in the form of SIX 4° + Pang cos(ax-+ 6) b, find the area of plane region bounded by functions using integration ¢. solve real life problems involving integration 3.3.5 Core Element: Mechanics 3.3.5.1 Topic: Vectors In this topic candidates should be able to: a. add and subtract vectors in 2 or 3 dimension b. Calculate the following: ~ the scalar product of two vectors in 2 or 3 dimension aiMSCE REGULATIONS AND SYLLABUSES - MANEB ~ modulus of a vector “= unit vector - the angle between two vectors in 2 or 3 dimension ¢. solve simple geometric problems using vectors 4. Find the following = the position vector of the mid-point of a line segment ~ the equation of the line in the form of r = a+ tb e. combine and resolving vectors 3.3.5.2 Topic: Matrices In this topic candidates must be able to: a. calculate the determinant of a 2 x 2 non-singular matrices: b. find inverses of 2 x 2 non-singular matrices ¢c. solve simultaneous equations of two unknowns 3.3.5.3 Topie: Mechanics In this topic candidates should be able to: a. combine a number of forces b. find force in vector notatio. c. Calculate the following: = impulse and momentum 7 = _ the horizontal range of a projectile ~ solve problems involving the following: = uniformly accelerated motion ~ Newton's laws of motion e. resolve forces: = in equilibrium = onan inclined plane = yertical and horizontal components f. find the following: = coordinates of a projectile at a given time the greatest height of a projectile . the time of flight of a projectile the angle of projection from a point at which an object is released 3.3.6 Core Element: Statistics and Probab! 3.3.6.1 Topic: Statistics ae In this topic candidates should be able to: a. describe the following: = methods of collecting data = sampling methods b._ represent data by cumulative frequencies calculate measures of spread/dispersion-range, variance, standard deviation for grouped and ungrouped data 2(MSCE REGULATIONS AND SYLLABUSES - MANEB find frequencies for grouped and ungrouped data ©. estimate medians, quartiles and percentiles from cumulative frequency graphs f. interpret data and statistical information by comparing sets of data using measures of central tendency and spread/dispersion, tables and graphical means 3.3.6.2 Topic: Probability In this topic candidates should be able to: ~ a. calculate: probability using the law P(4) =1- P(A") ~The probability for non-exclusive events using the law. PLAUB)=P(A)+ P(B)- (AB) oe - conditional probability ’ «dependent events: P(41B)= P(A)! P(B) © independent events: P(A/ B)= P(A) P(AMB)= P(A)P(B) . calculate probabilities using binomial distributions relate probability to real life situations 3.4 ASSESSMENT FORMAT ‘The MSCE Additional Mathematics papers shall meet the following: 3.4.1 Paper I ” There are ten free response questions in the paper. Time allowed for this paper shall be 2hours 30 minutes. The paper shall have two sections {A and B). Section A shall have seven compulsory questions worthy 60 marks, Section B shall have 3 questions with 20 marks each question. Candidates shall be required to answer any two questions of 20 marks each making a total of 40 marks. Each question in section B shall have two parts; a and b. ‘Questions in the paper may have split/sub questions e.g. 7 a, 7 b, etc. Standard scientific calculators shall be used in the paper. Candidates shall use the spaces provided on the question paper to write answers Questions in the paper are from the following topics: Core element Topic /theme Functions and graphs | - Functions ~ graphs = inequalities Series = Binomial expansion ‘Trigonometry = Trigonometry Caleulus > Limits - Differentiation = Integration pe aoge 233.4.2 Paper II meee ge roe re MSCE REGULATIONS AND SYLLABUSES - MANEB ‘There are ten free response questions in the paper. Time allowed for this paper shall be 2hours 30 minutes, The paper shall have two sections (A and B}. Section A shall have seven compulsory questions worthy 60 marks, Section B shall have 3 questions with 20 marks’each question. Candidates shall be required to answer any two questions of 20 marks each making a total of 40 marks. Each question in section B shall have two parts; a and b. Questions in the paper may have split/sub questions e.g. 7 a, 7, ete. ‘Standard scientific calculators shall be used in the paper. Candidates shall use the spaces provided on the question papet to write answers, Questions in the paper are from the following topics: Core element Topic/theme Functions and graphs - Cartesian Geometry Series = Power series Mechanics : = Vectors - Matrices = Mechanics G Handling and analysing zo data Statistics = probability 3.8 PERFORMANCE GRADE DESCRIPTORS Candidates at MSCE shall demonstrate the skills and competences shown in table below at Pass, Credit and Distinction grade categories. PASS CREDIT DISTINCTION Candidates should be able to demonstrate the following abilities: Isolating letters in basic equations 2. Converting units from one form to Candidates should show all skills underpass and, in addition, the following skills should be observed: ‘1. Isolating letters in powers and in roots in equations 2. Drawing graphs and another inequalities 3. Solving problems 3. Simplifying 3. Applying mathomatical relating to real life expressions formulae situation 4, Evaluating 4, Illustrating 4, Analysing mathematical expressions mathematical information 5. Carrying out information 5. Transferring information substitution 5. Combining (resolving) to novel situations | 6. Sketching graphs of information to give different. context) Partially useful mathematical 6. Classifying piece of _ Candidates should show all skills under credit. and in addition, the following skills should be observed: 1. Interpreting diagrams, tables, graphs and information 2.Visualising information 24‘MSCE REGULATIONS AND SYLLABUSES - MANEB i equation or expressions ‘mathematical 6. Solving equations information 7. Predicting events 7.Bringing conclusion in 8. Formulating equations statistical information or expressions from based on inferences given information 8, Predicting trends 9. Deseribing +” | 9. Estimating statistical mathematical coneépts information 3.6 REFERENCES Bostock, Land Chandler, (1978). Pure mathematics 1. Londém: Staney Thomes Lid Bostock, L and Chandler, $ (1979). Pure mathematics 2. London: Stanley Thomes Ltd. Channon, JB (1971). New general mathematics book 4. Ruglay: Longman. Fawdry, J (1995). Additional mathematics. Zomba: Mathematics Association of Malawi. Heng, HH , Cheng, K and Talbert, JF (2001). Additional mathematics. South Asia: Peerson Education, ‘Tumer, LK (1984), Advanced mathematics 1. Essek:*Gongman, 25IMSCE REGULATIONS AND SYLLABUSES - MANEB 4.0 MSCE AGRICULTURE EXAMINATION SYLLABUS. 4.1 INTRODUCTION Agriculture in secondary schools equips students with prerequisite knowledge and skills to apply scientific, analytical, research, technological, entrepreneurial, critical thinking, vocational and managerial skills in @ creative and innovative way. This help§ the students to identify problems and develop their appropriate solutions for personal and national development. It also enables secondary school graduates to apply the knowledge, skills and attitudes for environmental conservation, sustainable crop and animal production, farm business management, value addition and efficient marketing of products to maximize profits Therefore, the agriculture MSCE examination syllabus takes into decount the national needs and the future employment and careers of the candidates as stipulated in the national curriculum. It also enables candidates to appreciate the many factors in the environment by helping them to develop an active interest in making the best use of the agricultural potential of this environment, 42 AIMS OF THE SYLLABUS ‘The syllabus aims at enabling candidates to: i 8, demonstrate an understanding of the environmental and climatic factors which influence + agricultural production, how to modify them te:reduce risks in order to maximize yield and conserve them for sustainability. ee b. use research skills and improved agricultural technologies to increase farm productivity. apply the concepts and principles of agricultural economics and farm business management to increase profitability of agricultural enterprises. 4. demonstrate an understanding of scientific knowledge and skills of growing crops and rearing farm animals profitably using recommended husbandry practices. ©. Make candidates aware of the opportunities in agriculture and facilities available for advice to‘help them to succeed in any future occupation, 43. ASSESSMENT OBJECTIVES 4.3.1 Core element: Agriculture and environment 4.3.1.1 Topic In this topie candidates should be able to: a. list the physical properties of soil b. state types of soil structure ©. describe the following: ~ types of soil structure ~ physical properties of soil ~ methods of maintaining and improving soil structure = experiments on hiow to determine physical properties of soil Physical properties of soil 26MSCE REGULATIONS AND SYLLABUSES - MANEB. 4. explain the following ~ ways in which soil structure can be destroyed - effects of physical properties of soil on crop production €. carry out experiments on different types of soils to determine their physical properties 4.3.1.2 Topic: Chemical properties of soil : In this topic candidates should be able to: a. list chemical properties of soil b. describe the following: = chemical properties of soil = ways of modifying soil pH + experiments on how to determine soil pH c. explain the following: - factors that affect soil pH. = factors that affect nutrient status of the soil = effects of chemical propetties of soil on crop production 4. conduct experiments on soil pH... 4.3.1.3 Topie: Soil degradation In this topic candidates should be able to?” a, define the term ‘soil degradation” — = b._ state forms of soil degradation cc. list factors that cause soil degradation 4. describe the following: = forms and causes of soil degradation = how to control soil degradation e. explain the following: = effects of soil degradation on crop production - relationship between rapid population growth and soil degradation 4.3.1.4 Topie: Agriculture and climate change In this topic candidates should be able to: a. list ways of dealing with climate change in agriculture b. describe ways of dealing with climate change in agriculture 4.3.1.5 Topic: Land drainage In this topic candidates should be able to: a._ state the meaning of the term ‘land drainage’ b. explain the importance of land drainage ©. describe methods of land drainageMSCE REGULATIONS AND SYLLABUSES - MANEB 43.2 Core element: Agriculture Research and Technology. 4.3.2.1 Topic: Agricultural Development Agencies and theit Services. In this topic candidates should be able to a. list agricultural development agencies and their services in Malawi b. describe the services offered by agricultural development agencies in Malawi, ©. relate the importance of agricultural development agencies on a growing. population 4.3.2.2 Topie: Farm mechanization In this topic candidates should be able to: a. define the meaning of the term ‘farm mechanization’. bb. list types of farm machinery slate the following: > advantages of farm mechanization > limitations of farm mechanization 4. explain the following: ~ factors to consider when mechanizing a farm ~ importance of observing safety measures when using farm machinery describe the following: : maintenance of various farm machinery ~ safety measures when using farm machinery draw and label parts of farm machinery Farm power In this topic candidates should be able to: a. list sources of farm power. b. describe sources of farm power ¢. explain the advantages and limitations of farm power 4. explain ways of improving output from the different sources of farm power 4.3.2.4 Topie: Gender and agricultural Technologies In this topic candidates should be able to: . state the following concepts in agricultural technology: gender biases; causes of gender biases; effects gender biases and ways of dealing with gender biases '. explain causes and effects of gender biases in agricultural technology . describe ways of dealing with gender bias in agricultural technology 4.3.2.5 Topic: Improved farming technologits In this topic candidates should be able to: a. define the term “improved farming technology” state examples of improved farthing technologies explain how improved farming technologies increase food supply explain how improved farming technologies affect food security 28 eee(MMSCE REGULATIONS AND SYLLABUSES - MANEB 4.3.3. Core element: Agricultural Economics and Farm Business Management 4.3.3.1 Topic: Farm records In this topic candidates should be able to: list types of farm records . state the reasons for keeping farm records * c. describe types of farm records 4d. prepare farm records from given data 4.3.3.2 Topic: Farm budgeting In this topic candidates should be able to: ’ a. define the term ‘farm budgeting” b. state types of farm budgets €. describe how to budget for an agricultural enterprise 4. prepare farm budgets from given data 4.3.3.3 Topic: Farm business decision-making. In this topic candidates should be able to: a. state economic principles in farm business decision-making b. explain how each of the economic principles help,in decision-making for farm business ©. draw a graph to illustrate the law of dimitisiing marginal returns 4d. interpret the graph as a farm business management tool 4.3.3.4 Topic: Agricultural enterprise combination In this topic candidates should be able to: a, state types of agricultural enterprise combi b. list factors to be considered when selecting agricultural enterprise combination ¢. describe the factors to be considered when selecting agricultural enterprise combination 4. describe the types of agricultural enterprise combination with examples nm 4.3.3.5 Topie:’Agricultural cooperatives In this topic candidates should be able to: a. list examples of agricultural cooperatives b._ state principles of agricultural cooperatives cc. explain the followin, - importance of agricultural cooperatives - challenges of running agricultural cooperatives - solutions to challenges of running agricultural cooperatives 29SCE REGULATIONS AND SYLLABUSES - MANEB 4.3.3.6 Topic: Agricultural marketing and trading In this topic candidates should be able to: a. define the following terms: ‘agricultural marketing’, ‘agricultural trading’, ‘agricultural marketing cost” and ‘agricultural marketing margin’ list agricultural marketing channels and agencies.in Malawi outline ways of improving trading of agriculniral commodities at different levels explain the roles of channels and agencies in marketing agricultural commodities explain the importance of trading agricultural commodities describe the effects of population distribution on agricultural marketing g. calculate agricultural marketing costs and marketing margins means 4.3.3.7 Topic: Price elasticity of demand and supply In this topic candidates should be able to: a, define the terms ‘price elasticity of demand and ‘ price elasticity of supply’ of agricultural commodities describe price elasticity of demand and supply of agricultural commodities c. explain the implications of price “élasticity 6f demand and supply of agricultural commodities ‘ d. calculate price elasticity of demand and supply of agricultural commodities e. plot graphs showing different price elasticity of demand and supply of agricultural commodities ae 4.3.4 Core-element: Crop production 4.3.4.1 Toy : Vegetative planting materials In this topic candidates should be able to: a. list vegetative planting materials b. explain the advantages and disadvantages of vegetative planting materials c. draw vegetative planting matefials and label parts 4. classify vegetative planting materials _ 43.42 Topic: Cropping systems . In this topic candidates should be able to. define the term ‘cropping systems" list the different cropping systems explain the advantages and disadvantages of the different cropping systems explain the cropping systems which can promote crop yields analyse activities in the different cropping systems design different cropping systems e.g. crop rotation meas ee 30MSCE REGULATIONS AND SYLLABUSES - MANEB 4.3.4.3 Topic: Mushroom production In this topic candidates should be able to: a. list cultivated species of mushrooms b. explain the importance of mushrooms ©. explain husbandry practices for mushroom production 4.3.4.4 Topic: Crop improvement Ei In this topic candidates should be able to: a. define the term ‘crop improvement” b. listactivities in erop improvement ¢. describe the elements and methods of crop improvement « , 4.3.4.5 Tople: Crop processing In this topic candidates should be able to: a. state the importance of crop processing b. describe the processing of various crops n and utilisation 4.3.4.6 Pasture produc In this topic candidates should be able to: a. define terms used in pasture production "> b. ist types of pastures c. describe the following: ~~ methods of pasture establishment and factors that affect seed rate in pasture production - how to treat pasture seeds and proper time for pasture establishment - grazing systems in pasture management, - factors that affect the quality of conserved pasture 4. explain the following: + = advantages and disadvantages of each method of pasture establishment ~ importance of pasture and methods of treating pasture seeds - activities involved in pasture management and methods of pasture conservation 4.3.4.7 Topic: Mango production In this topic candidates should be able to: 8, state the importance of fruits and list varieties of mangoes grown in Malawi b. describe the following - characteristics of different mango varieties = factors to consider when selecting a suitable site for mango production + husbandry practices for mango production