Name:- Shubham Shrivastava

Class:- 11 ‘Sci’
Roll No:- 31
Teacher’s Name:-Mr. C.N. Mishra
1. CERTIFICATE 1
2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 2
3. ACTION PLAN 3
4. DEFINITION OF POVERTY 4-5
5. PODCAST ON POVERTY 6-8
6. POVERTY IN INDIA 9-11
7. REPORT 12-13
8. CONCLUSION 14
9. BIBLIOGRAPHY 15
 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Shubham Shrivastava of
Class 11 ‘Sci’ has successfully completed under
the supervision of Mr.C.N.Mishra during
academic year 2023-2024 on the English
project on “Poverty In India” as per the
guidelines issued by Central Board of
Secondary Education (CBSE).

…………………….. ……….……………………….
Mr.C.N.Mishra Shubham Shrivastava
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I Would like to express my special thanks to my
English Teacher Mr.C.N.Mishra as well as my our
Principal Sir Mr.Gautam Gupta who gave me the
golden opportunity to this wonderful project on
the topic ”Poverty In India”.

Secondly, I would also thanks my parents and

friends who helped me a lot in finalizing this
project within the limited time frame.

Lastly, I like to thank all my supporters who have

motivated me to fulfill the project within the
timeline.
My actions plan was as follows:-
First of all, I will define Poverty.
Secondly, I chose this topic “Poverty In
India” .
After this, I started searching for a podcast
on this topic.
After this , I started searching for current
report.

After analysing all this , I have written the

conclusion .
Then I made rest of the require pages of my
project and submitted it to my subject teacher.
 Definition of Poverty
Poverty is the state of not having enough material
possessions or income for a person basic need. Poverty
may include social, economic, and political elements.
Absolute poverty is the complete lack of the means
necessary to meet basic personal needs, such as food,
clothing, and shelter.
Economic measures
There are several definitions of poverty, and scholars
disagree as to which definition is appropriate for India.
Inside India, both income-based poverty definition and
consumption-based poverty statistics are in
use.Outside India, the World Bank and institutions of
the United Nations use a broader definition to
compare poverty among nations, including India,
based on purchasing power parity (PPP), as well as
nominal relative basis. Each state in India has its own
poverty threshold to determine how many people are
below its poverty line and to reflect regional economic
conditions. These differences in definitions yield a
complex and conflicting picture about poverty in India,
both internally and when compared to other
developing countries of the world.
According to the World Bank, India accounted for the
world's largest number of poor people in 2012 using
revised methodology to measure poverty, reflecting its
massive population. However, in terms of percentage,
it scored somewhat lower than other countries holding
large poor populations. In July 2018, World Poverty
Clock, a Vienna-based think tank, reported that a
minimal 5.3% or 70.6 million Indians lived in extreme
poverty compared to 44% or 87 million Nigerians. In
2019, Nigeria and Congo surpassed India in terms of
total population earning below $1.9 a day. Although
India is expected to meet the United Nations'
Sustainable Development Goals on extreme poverty in
due time, a very large share of its population lives on
less than $3.2 a day, putting India's economy safely
into the category of lower middle income economies.
 PODCAST ON POVERTY
Podcast describe the poverty in this way: “Poverty is
hunger. Poverty is lack of shelter. Poverty is being sick
and not being able to see a doctor. Poverty is not
having access to school and not knowing how to read.
Poverty is not having a job, is fear for the future, living
one day at a time. Poverty has many faces, changing
from place to place and across time, and has been
described in many ways. Most often, poverty is a
situation people want to escape. So poverty is a call to
action -- for the poor and the wealthy alike -- a call to
change the world so that many more may have enough
to eat, adequate shelter, access to education and
health, protection from violence, and a voice in what
happens in their communities.”
In addition to a lack of money, poverty is about not
being able to participate in recreational activities; not
being able to send children on a day trip with their
schoolmates or to a birthday party; not being able to
pay for medications for an illness. These are all costs
of being poor. Those people who are barely able to pay
for food and shelter simply can’t consider these other
expenses. When people are excluded within a society,
when they are not well educated and when they have
a higher incidence of illness, there are negative
consequences for society. We all pay the price for
poverty. The increased cost on the health system, the
justice system and other systems that provide
supports to those living in poverty has an impact on
our economy.
While much progress has been made in measuring and
analyzing poverty, the World Bank Organization is
doing more work to identify indicators for the other
dimensions of poverty. This work includes identifying
social indicators to track education, health, access to
services, vulnerability, and social exclusion.
There is no one cause of poverty, and the results of it
are different in every case. Poverty varies considerably
depending on the situation. Feeling poor in Canada is
different from living in poverty in Russia or Zimbabwe.
The differences between rich and poor within the
borders of a country can also be great.
Despite the many definitions, one thing is certain;
poverty is a complex societal issue. No matter how
poverty is defined, it can be agreed that it is an issue
that requires everyone’s attention. It is important that
all members of our society work together to provide
the opportunities for all our members to reach their
full potential. It helps all of us to help one another .
 Poverty In India
Poverty in India remains a major challenge despite overall
reductions in the last several decades as its economy
grows. According to an International Monetary Fund
paper, extreme poverty, defined by the World Bank as
living on US$1.9 or less in purchasing power parity (PPP)
terms, in India was as low as 0.8% in 2019, and the
country managed to keep it at that level in 2020 despite
the unprecedented COVID-19 outbreak. According to
World Bank, extreme poverty has reduced by 12.3%
between 2011 and 2019 from 22.5% in 2011 to 10.2% in
2019. A working paper of the bank said rural poverty
declined from 26.3% in 2011 to 11.6% in 2019. The decline
in urban areas was from 14.2% to 6.3% in the same
period.The poverty level in rural and urban areas went
down by 14.7 and 7.9 percentage points, respectively.
According to United Nations Development Programme
administrator Achim Steiner, India lifted 271 million
people out of extreme poverty in a 10-year time period
from 2005–2006 to 2015–2016. A 2020 study from the
World Economic Forum found "Some 220 million Indians
sustained on an
expenditure level of less than Rs 32 / day—the poverty
line for rural India—by the last headcount of the poor in
India in 2013.
The World Bank has been revising its definition and
benchmarks to measure poverty since 1990–1991, with a
$0.2 per day income on purchasing power parity basis as
the definition in use from 2005 to 2013. Some semi-
economic and non-economic indices have also been
proposed to measure poverty in India. For example, in
order to determine whether a person is poor, the Multi-
dimensional Poverty Index places a 33% weight on the
number of years that person spent in school or engaged in
education and a 6.25% weight on the financial condition of
that person.
The different definitions and underlying small sample
surveys used to determine poverty in India have resulted
in widely varying estimates of poverty from the 1950s to
2010s. In 2019, the Indian government stated that 6.7% of
its population is below its official poverty limit. Based on
2019's PPPs International Comparison Program, According
to the United Nations Millennium Development Goals
(MDG) programme, 80 million people out of 1.2 billion
Indians, roughly equal to 6.7% of India's population, lived
below the poverty line of $1.25 and 84% of Indians lived
on less than $6.85 per day in 2019. According to the
second edition of the Multidimensional Poverty Index
(MPI) released by Niti Aayog, approximately 14.96% of
India's population is considered to be in a state of
multidimensional poverty.The National Multidimensional
Poverty Index (MPI) assesses simultaneous deprivations in
health, education, and standard of living, with each
dimension carrying equal weight. These deprivations are
measured using 12 indicators aligned with the Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs). On July 17, 2023, Niti Aayog
reported a significant reduction in the proportion of poor
people in the country, declining from 24.8% to 14.9%
during the period from 2015-16 to 2019-21. This
improvement was attributed to advancements in
nutrition, years of schooling, sanitation, and the
availability of subsidized cooking fuel. As per the report,
approximately 135 million people in India were lifted out
of multidimensional poverty between 2015–16 and 2019-
21.
 RReeppoortrt
Based on the latest National Family Heath Survey
[NFHS-5 (2019-21)], this second edition of the
National Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)
represents India’s progress in reducing
multidimensional poverty between the two
surveys, NFHS-4 (2015-16) and NFHS-5 (2019-21). It
builds on
the Baseline Report of India’s National MPI launched
in November 2021.
According to the Report, 135 million people
escaped multidimensional poverty between 2015-
16 and 2019-21. The country registered a significant
decline of 9.89 percentage points in India’s
multidimensionally poor from 24.85% in 2015-16 to
14.96% in 2019-2021. The rural areas witnessed the
fastest decline in poverty, from 32.59% to 19.28%.
Providing multidimensional poverty estimates for the
36 States and Union Territories and 707
Administrative Districts, the Report states that the
fastest reduction in the proportion of
multidimensional poor was observed in the states of
Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, and
Rajasthan.
 Conclusion
My Review for this project is as follows:-

I learnt the deeper meaning of poverty and

how there is always hope in this life and as far
as poverty goes, we should never lose hope.

This project gave me a better understanding

of poverty, it causes, types, disadvantages,
impact on various sectors, etc

Making this project made me realise in all

parts of th2k world, there are people who have a
hard time and facing poverty issues.
 Bibliography
Wikipedia.org
Pinterest.com
Youtube.com
Cbseacademics.nic.in
www.undp.org