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3 - (1) Stairs

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7 views22 pages

3 - (1) Stairs

Uploaded by

joseph
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Dr.

Mohammad
Stairs
Stairs must be provided in almost
all buildings, either low-rise or
high-rise buildings, even if
adequate numbers of elevators are
provided. Stairs consist of rises,
runs (or treads), and landings. The
total steps and landings are called a
staircase.

The rise: is defined as the vertical distance between two steps.


The run (or treads): is the depth of the step.
The landing is the horizontal part of the staircase without rises.
Types of Stairs
1. Single-flight stairs:
The structural behavior of a flight of stairs is similar to that of a one-way slab
supported at both ends. When the flight of stairs contains landings, it may be
more economical to provide beams at B and C between landings.
If such supports are not provided,
which is quite common, the span of
the staircase will increase by the
width of two landings and will extend
between A and D. In residential
buildings, the landing width is in the
range of 1.2 to 1.8m, and the total
distance between A and D is about
6m.
2. Double-flight stairs:
It is more convenient in most buildings to build the staircase in double flights
between floors. The types commonly used are quarter-turn and closed- or open-
well stairs. For the structural analysis of the stairs, each flight is treated as a single
flight and is considered supported on two or more beams.

Closed-well staircase
Quarter-turn staircase
3. Three or more flights of stairs:
In some cases, where the overall dimensions of the staircase are limited, three or
four flights may be adopted. Each flight will be treated separately, as in the case
of double-flight staircases.
4. Cantilever stairs:
Cantilever stairs are used mostly in fire escape stairs, and they are supported by
concrete walls or beams. In this type of stairs, each step acts as a cantilever, and
the main reinforcement is placed in the tension side of the run and the bars are
anchored within the concrete wall. Shrinkage and temperature reinforcement is
provided in the transverse direction.
5. Run-riser stairs:
Run-riser stairs are stepped underside stairs that consist of a number of runs and
risers rigidly connected without the provision of the normal waist slab. This type
of stairs has an elegant appearance and is sometimes favored by architects. The
structural analysis of run-riser stairs can be simplified by assuming that the effect
of axial forces is negligible and that the load on each run is concentrated at the
end of the run.
Example-1:
Design the cantilever stairs shown below to carry a uniform live load of
4.8kN/m2. Assume the rise of the steps equals 150mm and the run equals
300mm. Use normal-weight concrete with f c = 21MPa and fy = 414MPa.

Section A-A
Solution:

Calculate weight of the trapezoidal area mnn m


(areas A1 and A2)

Assume the weight of the step cover is 0.2 kN/m => Total DL = 1.64 kN/m.
Assuming = 0.90 and computing

=> Use 2 12mm per step (As = 226mm2)


Checking the moment capacity of the slab
Check shear at a distance d from the face of the support::

Because Vu < Vc/2, no shear reinforcement is required. But it is recommended


to use 10mm stirrups spaced at 250mm to hold the main reinforcement.
Reinforcement Details
Example-2:
Design the staircase shown below, which carries a uniform live load of 5.7
kN/m2. Assume a rise of 175mm (Number of rises = 9) and a run of 275mm. Use
f c = 21MPa and fy = 414MPa.
Solution:

Assume the thickness of the slab (waist) is 200mm (Approximately L/28).


Assume the weight of the step cover is 0.2 kN/m and weight of landing cover is
0.1 kN/m.

Total DL on stairs is 7.98 kN/m and the total DL on landing is 4.9 kN/m.

Because the load on the landing is carried into two directions, only half the load
will be considered in each direction.
Design of Stair
Assuming = 0.90 and computing

use 12mm@125mm ( )

Spacing < maximum of 3h or 450mm as per ACI 318-19 code.

Transverse Direction Shrinkage and Temperature Steel:

use 10mm@200mm ( )

Spacing < maximum of 5h or 450mm as per ACI 318-19 code.


Checking the moment capacity of the slab
Design of landings:

Because the bars in the landing will be placed on top of the main stair reinforcement,
Assuming = 0.90 and computing

use 12mm@250mm ( )

Spacing < maximum of 3h or 450mm as per ACI 318-19 code.

Check shear as usual.


Reinforcement Details

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