XII GEOGRAPHY IMPORTANT QUESTIONS

PART 1

Chapter name: Human Geography

1. Explain the concept of "Human Geography" and its significance in understanding human-
environment interaction.

2. Discuss the various factors affecting population distribution.

3. What are the different types of human settlements? Discuss their characteristics.

4. Examine the causes and consequences of population migration.

5. Explain the demographic transition theory and its stages.

6. Discuss the concept of "Sustainable Development" and its implications for human geography.

7. What are the main factors contributing to the growth of urban areas?

8. Explain the relationship between natural resources and human development.

9. What are the various theories of population growth, and how do they relate to human
geography?

10. How do regional imbalances in development affect human geography?

Chapter 2: The World Population Density Distribution and Growth

1. Define Population Density. Explain the factors affecting population density.

2. What are the global patterns of population distribution?

3. Discuss the concept of population growth. What are the causes of population growth?

4. What is the demographic transition model? Explain its stages.

5. Explain the factors that influence population growth and distribution.

6. What is the difference between overpopulation and underpopulation?

7. What are the consequences of rapid population growth?

8. What is the significance of population policies in controlling population growth?

9. How has the population distribution changed in the last 100 years?

10. Explain the role of migration in population distribution and growth.

Chapter 3: Human Development

1. What is Human Development? Explain its key concepts.

2. Explain the Human Development Index (HDI) and its components.

3. Discuss the limitations of the Human Development Index (HDI).

4. What is the difference between Economic Development and Human Development?.

5. Discuss the relationship between human development and economic growth.

6. What is Gender Development Index (GDI)? How is it different from HDI?

7. Explain the concept of Sustainable Human Development.

8. Discuss the role of education in human development.

9. How does health contribute to human development?

10. What are the major challenges in achieving human development in India?

PART 2

Chapter 4: Primary Activities

1. What are Primary Activities? Explain their significance..

2. Explain the different types of farming practiced in the world.

3. What are the factors influencing agriculture in different regions of the world?

4. Explain the concept of shifting cultivation with examples.

5. Differentiate between intensive and extensive farming.

6. What is the significance of the Green Revolution?

7. What is horticulture? How is it different from other forms of agriculture?.

8. Discuss the importance of animal husbandry in primary activities.

9. What are the major fishing grounds in the world?

10. Explain the concept of forestry and its importance.

11. What are the different types of mining activities? Explain their environmental impact.

12. What are the challenges faced by agriculture in developing countries?

13. What is nomadic herding? Discuss its geographical distribution and challenges..

14. What are the main agricultural regions of India?

Chapter 5; Secondary activity.

1. What are secondary activities? Explain their significance in economic development.

2. Differentiate between manufacturing and construction.
3. What are the factors influencing the location of industries?
4. Explain the concept of cottage industries and their importance.
5. What are the major types of industries based on the nature of raw materials?
6. Describe the role of the iron and steel industry in economic development.
7. What is industrial decentralization? Discuss its advantages and disadvantages.
8. What are the different types of industries based on the scale of operations?
9. Explain the role of the textile industry in India’s industrialization.
10.What are the challenges faced by the manufacturing sector in developing countries?
 11.Discuss the significance of the automobile industry in India.
12.What is the concept of agglomeration in industrial activities?
13.Explain the importance of the chemical industry in global industrial economies.
14.How does the food processing industry contribute to economic development?

Chapter 6: Tertiary and quaternary activity

Tertiary Activities

1. What are tertiary activities? Explain their importance in the economy.

2. Explain the relationship between tertiary activities and economic development.
3. What are the different types of tertiary activities?
4. How has globalization contributed to the growth of the service sector (tertiary activities)?
5. Discuss the significance of the tourism industry as a tertiary activity.

Quaternary Activities

1. What are quaternary activities? How are they different from tertiary activities?
2. What are the factors responsible for the growth of quaternary activities?
3. Discuss the role of quaternary activities in a knowledge-based economy.
4. How do quaternary activities contribute to the economic development of developed
countries?

Transportation and communication

1. Explain the significance of transportation in the economic development of a country..

2. Discuss the different types of transport systems with examples..

3. What are the factors influencing the choice of transport routes?.

4. Compare and contrast road and rail transport in terms of cost, speed, and capacity.

5. Describe the role of air transport in the global economy.

6. Explain the concept of multimodal transport and its importance.

7. What are the challenges faced by the transport sector in India?

8. How has modern communication transformed global business and culture?

9. What is the significance of communication in regional development?

10. Describe the role of satellite communication in global connectivity.

11. What are the environmental impacts of various transportation systems?

12. Discuss the role of technology in improving transportation and communication.

Chapter name; International trade

1. Explain the concept of international trade.

2. What are the factors influencing international trade?

3. Discuss the advantages of international trade.

4. What are the different types of international trade?

5. Explain the concept of balance of trade.

6. How do tariffs and non-tariff barriers affect international trade?

7. What is the role of international organizations like the WTO in global trade?

8. Discuss the concept of globalization and its impact on international trade.

9. What is the significance of trade agreements like NAFTA, EU, and ASEAN in international trade?

10. Describe the pattern of trade between developed and developing countries.

11. What are the major exports and imports of India?

12. How do transport and communication systems influence international trade?

13. What is the concept of terms of trade?

14. What are the effects of trade imbalances on the economies of countries?

15. Explain the role of foreign exchange markets in international trade.

Chapter name; Geographical issues and problems

1. Explain the concept of sustainable development.

  Discuss how sustainable development balances economic growth with environmental protection and social
equity.

2. Discuss the major environmental problems faced by India.

 Describe issues such as air pollution, water scarcity, deforestation, land degradation, and climate change.

3. What is desertification? What are its causes and effects?

 Explain the process of desertification, its causes, and its impact on the environment and agriculture.

4. Explain the concept of land degradation and its impact on agriculture.

 Discuss the causes of land degradation, such as deforestation, soil erosion, and improper agricultural
practices, and its effects on food security.

5. How does deforestation affect the environment?

 Describe the consequences of deforestation, including loss of biodiversity, soil erosion, and disruption of
the water cycle.

6. What are the impacts of climate change on India?

 Discuss how climate change affects agriculture, water resources, coastal areas, and human health in India.

7. What is the role of watershed management in addressing water scarcity?

 Explain how watershed management helps in conserving water, preventing floods, and improving
agricultural productivity.

8. Discuss the issue of urbanization and its impact on the environment.

 Describe the challenges posed by rapid urbanization, such as pollution, loss of green spaces, and the strain
on infrastructure.

9. Explain the concept of "population explosion" and its implications on resources.

 Discuss the rapid growth of the global population and its impact on food, water, and energy resources.

10. What are the causes and consequences of global warming?

 Explain the causes of global warming, such as the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation, and its effects
on global temperatures and weather patterns.

11. Discuss the concept of biodiversity and its importance.

 Explain the importance of biodiversity for ecological stability, human health, and economic development,
and the threats it faces.
12. What is the significance of renewable energy sources in sustainable development?

 Discuss the role of renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, and hydro energy, in reducing
dependence on fossil fuels and promoting environmental sustainability.

13. Explain the importance of environmental conservation in the context of economic

development.

 Discuss the need for balancing environmental conservation with economic growth, highlighting the role of
policies and practices for sustainable development.

MAP BASED QUESTIONS

1. Locate and label the following on a map of India:

 Major wheat-producing states of India.

 Major cotton-producing states of India.
 Major iron ore-producing areas of India.

2. On a world map, locate and label:

 Suez Canal and the countries it connects.

 Panama Canal and the countries it connects.
 Important shipping routes in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

3. Locate and label the following on a map of India:

 National Parks like Jim Corbett, Kaziranga, and Sundarbans.

 Tiger reserves in India.

4. On a map of India, mark the following:

 Important ports of India such as Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata, and Kochi.

 Major airports like Indira Gandhi International Airport (Delhi), Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj
International Airport (Mumbai).

5. On a world map, mark the following countries and their capital cities:

 USA and its capital Washington D.C.

 China and its capital Beijing.
 Brazil and its capital Brasília.
  Germany and its capital Berlin.

6. Locate and label the following on a map of India:

 Major rivers of India like Ganga, Yamuna, Brahmaputra, and Godavari.

 Important dams such as Tehri, Sardar Sarovar, and Bhakra Nangal.

7. On a world map, mark the following countries and regions:

 OPEC member countries.

 Countries with major oil reserves.
 Countries in the Mediterranean region.

8. Locate and label the following on a map of India:

 Industrial regions like the Mumbai-Pune Industrial Belt, Hugli Industrial Belt, and Chhota Nagpur
Plateau.
 Software technology parks like Bangalore, Hyderabad, and Chennai.

9. On a world map, mark the following geographical features:

 Himalayas and the countries they span.

 Amazon Rainforest and the countries it covers.
 Sahara Desert and the countries it spans.

10. On a map of India, mark the following major crop-producing regions:

 Rice-producing regions (e.g., West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh).

 Tea-producing regions (e.g., Assam, Darjeeling).
 Sugarcane-producing regions (e.g., Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra).