Problem 5 1

𝜋 𝐼𝑁𝐴 = 300 225.27 3 + 9 980𝜋 500 − 225.27 2

𝐴𝑠 = 5 28 𝑚𝑚 2 = 980𝜋 𝑚𝑚2 3
4 𝐼𝑁𝐴 = 3234.54 × 106 𝑚𝑚4
𝑏 = 300 𝑚𝑚
𝑑 = 500 𝑚𝑚 Concrete stress:
𝑓𝑐 = 9.45 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑀𝑥
𝑓𝑠 = 120 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑓𝑐 =
𝐼𝑁𝐴
𝑛=9 𝑀(225.27)
9.45 =
3234.54 × 106
Part 1 𝑀 = 135.68 × 106 𝑁 ⋅ 𝑚𝑚
1 2 Steel stress:
𝑏𝑥 = 𝑛𝐴𝑠 𝑑 − 𝑥
2 𝑓𝑠 𝑀 𝑑 − 𝑥
1 =
300 𝑥 2 = 9 980𝜋 500 − 𝑥 𝑛 𝐼𝑁𝐴
2 120 𝑀(500 − 225.27)
𝑥 = 225.27 𝑚𝑚 =
9 3234.54 × 106
𝑀 = 156.98 × 106 𝑁 ⋅ 𝑚𝑚
Part 2
1
𝐼𝑁𝐴 = 𝑏𝑥 3 + 𝑛𝐴𝑠 𝑑 − 𝑥 2 Choose the lower value
3 𝑀 = 135.68 𝑘𝑁 ⋅ 𝑚

Part 3
Since 𝑀 is governed by concrete, the section is
compression-controlled.
 Part 2
1 3
Problem 6 𝐼𝑁𝐴 = 𝑏𝑥 + 2𝑛 − 1 𝐴′𝑠 𝑥 − 𝑑 ′ 2 + 𝑛𝐴𝑠 𝑑 − 𝑥 2
𝑏 = 300 𝑚𝑚 3
𝐼𝑁𝐴
ℎ = 500 𝑚𝑚 1
𝜋 = 300 147.85 3
𝐴𝑠 = 3 25 𝑚𝑚 2 = 468.75𝜋 𝑚𝑚2 3
4
′
𝜋 + 2 ⋅ 10 − 1 192𝜋 147.85 − 65 2
𝐴𝑠 = 3 16 𝑚𝑚 2 = 192𝜋 𝑚𝑚2 + 10 468.75𝜋 435 − 147.85 2
4
𝑓𝑐 = 9.45 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝐼𝑁𝐴 = 1616.11 × 106 𝑚𝑚4
𝑓𝑠 = 120 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑛 = 10 Concrete stress
′
𝑑 = 65 𝑚𝑚 𝑀𝑥
𝑓𝑐 =
𝑑 = 500 − 65 = 435 𝑚𝑚 𝐼𝑁𝐴
𝑀(147.85)
9.45 =
Part 1 1616.11 × 106
1 2 𝑀 = 103.29 × 106 𝑁 ⋅ 𝑚𝑚
𝑏𝑥 + 2𝑛 − 1 𝐴′𝑠 𝑥 − 𝑑 ′ = 𝑛𝐴𝑠 𝑑 − 𝑥
2
1 Tension steel stress
300 𝑥 2 + 2 ⋅ 10 − 1 192𝜋 𝑥 − 65 𝑓𝑠 𝑀 𝑑 − 𝑥
2
= 10 468.75𝜋 435 − 𝑥 =
𝑛 𝐼𝑁𝐴
𝑥 = 147.85 𝑚𝑚 120 𝑀(435 − 147.85)
=
10 1616.11 × 106
𝑀 = 56.28 × 106 𝑁 ⋅ 𝑚𝑚
Choose the smaller moment
𝑀 = 56.28 𝑘𝑁 ⋅ 𝑚

Part 3
Compression steel stress
𝑓𝑠′ 𝑀 𝑥 − 𝑑 ′
=
2𝑛 𝐼𝑁𝐴
𝑓𝑠′ (56.28 × 106 )(147.85 − 65)
=
2(10) 1616.11 × 106
𝑓𝑠′ = 57.71 𝑀𝑃𝑎
Problem 7 Part 1
𝑏 = 250 𝑚𝑚 𝑤𝐿2 33 5 2
ℎ = 500 𝑚𝑚 𝑀= =
8 8
𝐿 = 5𝑚 𝑀 = 103.125 𝑘𝑁 ⋅ 𝑚
𝜋
𝐴𝑠 = 4 22 𝑚𝑚 2 = 484𝜋 𝑚𝑚2
4 Part 2
𝑑 = 500 − 65 = 435 𝑚𝑚 3 3
𝑀𝑐𝑟 𝑀𝑐𝑟
𝑓𝑐′ = 21 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝐼𝑒 = 𝐼𝑔 + 1 − 𝐼𝑐𝑟
𝑓𝑦 = 276 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑀𝑎 𝑀𝑎
𝑘𝑁 𝑓𝑟 𝐼𝑔 0.62𝜆 𝑓𝑐′ 𝐼𝑔
𝑤𝑆𝐷 = 18 𝑀𝑐𝑟 = =
𝑚 𝑦𝑡 𝑦𝑡
𝑘𝑁
𝑤𝐿 = 12 250 500 3
𝑚 0.62 1 21 ⋅
𝑀𝑐𝑟 = 12
𝑘𝑁 500
𝛾𝑐 = 24 3 435 − 2
𝑚
𝑛=9 𝑀𝑐𝑟 = 39.994 × 106 𝑁 ⋅ 𝑚𝑚 = 39.994 𝑘𝑁 ⋅ 𝑚
250 500 3
Preliminary calculations: 𝐼𝑔 = = 2604.167 × 106 𝑚𝑚4
12
𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁 𝑀𝑎 = 103.125 𝑘𝑁 ⋅ 𝑚
𝑤𝐷 = 18 + 24 3 0.25 𝑚 0.5 𝑚 = 21
𝑚 𝑚 𝑚
𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
𝑤 = 𝑤𝐷 + 𝑤𝐿 = 21 + 12 = 33
𝑚 𝑚 𝑚
Solving for 𝐼𝑁𝐴 , Immediate deflection
1 2 5𝑤𝐿4
𝑏𝑥 = 𝑛𝐴𝑠 𝑑 − 𝑥 𝛿=
2 384𝐸𝑐 𝐼𝑒
1
250 𝑥 2 = 9 484𝜋 435 − 𝑥 𝐸𝑐 = 4700 𝑓𝑐′ = 4700 21 = 21538.11 𝑀𝑃𝑎
2
𝑥 = 170.25 𝑚𝑚 5 33 5 4 1012
𝛿=
384 21538.11 466.31 × 106
1 3 𝛿 = 26.74 𝑚𝑚
2
𝐼𝑁𝐴 = 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑛𝐴𝑠 𝑑 − 𝑥
3
1 Part 3
𝐼𝑁𝐴 = 250 170.25 3 + 9 484𝜋 435 − 170.25 2
𝑘𝑁 1 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
3
𝐼𝑁𝐴 = 1370.43 × 106 𝑚𝑚4 𝑤 = 21 + 12 = 27
𝑚 2 𝑚 𝑚
𝐼𝑐𝑟 = 𝐼𝑁𝐴 = 1370.43 × 106 𝑚𝑚4 𝑤𝐿2 27 5 2
𝑀𝑎 = = = 84.375 𝑘𝑁 ⋅ 𝑚
8 8
𝐼𝑒 𝐼𝑒
3 3
39.994 39.994
= 2604.167 × 106 = 2604.167 × 106
103.125 84.375
3 3
39.994 39.994
+ 1− 1370.43 × 106 + 1− 1370.43 × 106
103.125 84.375
𝐼𝑒 = 466.31 × 106 𝑚𝑚4 𝐼𝑒 = 476.78 × 106 𝑚𝑚4
Additional deflection after 5 years
𝜉 𝜉
𝜆∆ = =
1 + 50𝜌′ 𝐴′𝑠
1 + 50
𝑏𝑑
2.0
𝜆∆ = =2
0
1 + 50
250 ⋅ 435

Immediate deflection considering 50% LL

5𝑤𝐿4 5 27 5 4 10 12
𝛿= =
384𝐸𝑐 𝐼𝑒 384 21538.11 476.78 × 106
𝛿 = 21.40 𝑚𝑚

𝜆∆ ⋅ 𝛿 = 2 21.40 𝑚𝑚 = 42.40 𝑚𝑚

Total deflection after 5 years

26.74 𝑚𝑚 + 42.40 𝑚𝑚 = 69.14 𝑚𝑚
Notes for flexural design of beams:
1. By default, tension-controlled sections are preferred 𝑓𝑠 ≥ 1000 𝑀𝑃𝑎 .
3
2. For tension-controlled sections, the maximum value of 𝑐 is 𝑑.
8
3
3. The corresponding 𝐴𝑠 when 𝑐 = 𝑑 is the maximum tension steel area required for tension-controlled sections.
8
Problem 3 (just compute n by using 𝑛 = 𝐴𝑠 /𝐴𝑏 )
Data:
𝑏 = 250 𝑚𝑚
𝑑 = 350 𝑚𝑚
𝑓𝑦 = 275 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑓𝑐′ = 20.7 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝛽1 = 0.85
𝑑 ′ = 60 𝑚𝑚

Preliminary calculations:
𝑓𝑐′ 1.4 1.4
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = max , ⋅ 𝑏𝑑 = (250)(350)
4𝑓𝑦 𝑓𝑦 275
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 445.45 𝑚𝑚2
Problem 3 (just compute n by using 𝑛 = 𝐴𝑠 /𝐴𝑏 ) Part 2
Data: 𝑀𝑢 = 80 𝑘𝑁 ⋅ 𝑚
𝑏 = 250 𝑚𝑚
𝑑 = 350 𝑚𝑚 Set 𝜙𝑀𝑛 = 𝑀𝑢 = 80 𝑘𝑁 ⋅ 𝑚
𝑓𝑦 = 275 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑀𝑢 80 × 106 𝑁 ⋅ 𝑚𝑚
𝑓𝑐′ = 20.7 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑀𝑛 = = = 88.89 × 106 𝑁 ⋅ 𝑚𝑚
𝜙 0.9
𝛽1 = 0.85
𝑑 ′ = 60 𝑚𝑚 3
Check if beam is SRB or DRB. Assume SRB first. If 𝑐 ≤ 8 𝑑,
SRB; else DRB.
Part 1 𝑎
Condition: maximum steel for tension-controlled section 𝑀𝑛 = 0.85𝑓𝑐′ 𝑎𝑏 𝑑 −
3 2
Refer to note #2: 𝑐 = 8 𝑑 𝑎
88.89 × 106 = 0.85 20.7 𝑎 250 350 −
3 2
𝑐 = 350 𝑚𝑚 = 131.25 𝑚𝑚 𝑎 = 63.50 𝑚𝑚
8 𝑎 63.50 𝑚𝑚
𝐶𝑐 = 𝑇 𝑐= = = 74.71 𝑚𝑚 < 131.25 𝑚𝑚
0.85𝑓𝑐′ 𝛽1 𝑐𝑏 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 𝛽1 0.85
0.85 20.7 0.85 131.25 250 = 𝐴𝑠 275
𝐴𝑠 = 1784.49 𝑚𝑚2 > 𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 (𝑜𝑘) Therefore, SRB (𝑐 is already correct as is).
𝐶𝑐 = 𝑇
0.85𝑓𝑐′ 𝛽1 𝑐𝑏 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦
0.85 20.7 0.85 74.71 250 = 𝐴𝑠 275
𝐴𝑠 = 1015.77 𝑚𝑚2 > 𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 (𝑜𝑘)
Part 3 and 4 𝑀𝑢 = 𝜙𝑀𝑛
𝑀𝑢 = 135 𝑘𝑁 ⋅ 𝑚 𝑀𝑢 = 𝜙 𝑀𝑛1 + 𝑀𝑛2
𝑀𝑢
= 𝑀𝑛1 + 𝑀𝑛2
Set 𝜙𝑀𝑛 = 𝑀𝑢 = 135 𝑘𝑁 ⋅ 𝑚 𝜙
𝑀𝑢 135 × 106 𝑁 ⋅ 𝑚𝑚 𝑀𝑢
𝑀𝑛 = = = 150 × 106 𝑁 ⋅ 𝑚𝑚 𝑀𝑛2 = − 𝑀𝑛1
𝜙 0.9 𝜙

3 𝑎
Check if beam is SRB or DRB. Assume SRB first. If 𝑐 ≤ 8 𝑑, Note: 𝑀𝑛1 = 0.85𝑓𝑐′ 𝑎𝑏 𝑑 − , where 𝑎 = 𝛽1 𝑐 and 𝑐 is
2
SRB; else DRB. 3
the max value for tension-controlled section, 𝑐 = 8 𝑑.
𝑎
𝑀𝑛 = 0.85𝑓𝑐′ 𝑎𝑏 𝑑 − 𝑀𝑛1
2
𝑎 1
150 × 106 = 0.85 20.7 𝑎 250 350 − = 0.85 20.7 0.85 × 131.25 250 ቆ350 − ⋅ 0.85
2 2
𝑎 = 116.98 𝑚𝑚
𝑎 116.98 𝑚𝑚 × 131.25ቇ = 144.38 × 106 𝑁 ⋅ 𝑚𝑚 = 144.38 𝑘𝑁 ⋅ 𝑚
𝑐= = = 137.62 𝑚𝑚 > 131.25 𝑚𝑚
𝛽1 0.85
135 𝑘𝑁 ⋅ 𝑚
Therefore, DRB (use the max value for 𝑐, 131.25 mm). 𝑀𝑛2 = − 144.38 𝑘𝑁 ⋅ 𝑚 = 5.62 𝑘𝑁 ⋅ 𝑚
0.9
 𝑀𝑛2 = 𝐴′𝑠 𝑓𝑠′ 𝑑 − 𝑑 ′

Calculate 𝑓𝑠′ first (note that since this is tension-controlled

3
DRB, 𝑐 = 8 𝑑.
′
600 𝑐 − 𝑑 600(131.25 − 60)
𝑓𝑠′ = =
𝑐 131.25
′
𝑓𝑠 = 325.71 𝑀𝑃𝑎 > 𝑓𝑦
Use 𝑓𝑠′ = 𝑓𝑦 = 275 𝑀𝑃𝑎.

5.62 × 106 = 𝐴′𝑠 275 350 − 60

𝐴′𝑠 = 70.47 𝑚𝑚2

Solving for 𝐴𝑠 ,
𝐴′𝑠 𝑓𝑠′ = 𝐴𝑠2 𝑓𝑦 Note that for tension-
𝐴′𝑠 𝑓𝑦 = 𝐴𝑠2 𝑓𝑦 → 𝐴′𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠2 controlled DRB, 𝐴𝑠1 is
𝐴𝑠2 = 70.47 𝑚𝑚2 the max area for
tension-controlled
𝐴𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠1 + 𝐴𝑠2 = 1784.49 𝑚𝑚2 + 70.47 𝑚𝑚2 sections (see Part 1).
𝐴𝑠 = 1854.96 𝑚𝑚2
Problem 4
𝑏 = 350 𝑚𝑚
ℎ = 500 𝑚𝑚
𝑀𝐿 = 90 𝑘𝑁 ⋅ 𝑚
𝑀𝐷 = 180 𝑘𝑁 ⋅ 𝑚
𝑑 ′ = 65 𝑚𝑚
𝑑 = ℎ − 𝑑 ′ = 435 𝑚𝑚
𝑓𝑐′ = 21 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝛽1 = 0.85
𝑓𝑦 = 415 𝑀𝑃𝑎

Preliminary calculations
𝑀𝑢 = 1.2𝑀𝐷 + 1.6𝑀𝐿 = 1.2 90 + 1.6 180
𝑀𝑢 = 396 𝑘𝑁 ⋅ 𝑚

𝑓𝑐′ 1.4 1.4

𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = max , ⋅ 𝑏𝑑 = (350)(435)
4𝑓𝑦 𝑓𝑦 415
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 513.61 𝑚𝑚2
Problem 4 𝑎
440 × 106 = 0.85 21 𝑎 350 435 −
𝑏 = 350 𝑚𝑚 2
ℎ = 500 𝑚𝑚 𝑎 = 215.07 𝑚𝑚
𝑀𝐿 = 90 𝑘𝑁 ⋅ 𝑚 𝑎 215.07 𝑚𝑚
𝑐= = = 253.02 𝑚𝑚
𝑀𝐷 = 180 𝑘𝑁 ⋅ 𝑚 𝛽1 0.85
𝑑 ′ = 65 𝑚𝑚 3 3
𝑑 = 435 𝑚𝑚 = 163.125 𝑚𝑚
𝑑 = ℎ − 𝑑 ′ = 435 𝑚𝑚 8 8
𝑓𝑐′ = 21 𝑀𝑃𝑎 3
𝛽1 = 0.85 Since 𝑐 > 8 𝑑, DRB
𝑓𝑦 = 415 𝑀𝑃𝑎 Solving for 𝐴𝑠1 = 𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑎𝑥 ,
𝐶𝑐 = 𝑇1
Part 1 0.85𝑓𝑐′ 𝛽1 𝑐𝑏 = 𝐴𝑠1 𝑓𝑦
Check if beam is SRB or DRB (Condition: Assume SRB first; if 0.85 21 0.85 163.125 350 = 𝐴𝑠1 415
3
𝑐 ≤ 8 𝑑, SRB; else, DRB) 𝐴𝑠1 = 2087.36 𝑚𝑚2
′
𝑎
𝑀𝑛 = 0.85𝑓𝑐 𝑎𝑏 𝑑 − 𝛽1 𝑐
2 𝑀𝑛1 = 0.85𝑓𝑐′ 𝛽1 𝑐𝑏 𝑑 −
2
Set 𝑀𝑢 = 𝜙𝑀𝑛 = 396 𝑘𝑁 ⋅ 𝑚 𝑀𝑛1
𝑀𝑢 396 𝑘𝑁 ⋅ 𝑚
𝑀𝑛 = = = 440 𝑘𝑁 ⋅ 𝑚 = 0.85 21 0.85 163.125 350 ቆ435
𝜙 0.9
0.85 × 163.125
− ቇ = 316.77 𝑘𝑁 ⋅ 𝑚
2
Solving for 𝐴′𝑠 , Solving for 𝐴𝑠2 ,
𝑀𝑢 𝐴′𝑠 𝑓𝑠′ = 𝐴𝑠2 𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑛2 = − 𝑀𝑛1
𝜙 922.79 360.92 = 𝐴𝑠2 415
396 𝑘𝑁 ⋅ 𝑚 𝐴𝑠2 = 802.54 𝑚𝑚2
𝑀𝑛2 = − 316.77 𝑘𝑁 ⋅ 𝑚
0.9
𝑀𝑛2 = 123.23 𝑘𝑁 ⋅ 𝑚 𝐴𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠1 + 𝐴𝑠2 = 2087.36 𝑚𝑚2 + 802.54 𝑚𝑚2
𝐴𝑠 = 2889.9 𝑚𝑚2
𝑀𝑛2 = 𝐴′𝑠 𝑓𝑠′ 𝑑 − 𝑑 ′

Calculate 𝑓𝑠′ first (note that since this is tension-controlled

3
DRB, 𝑐 = 𝑑.
8
′
600 𝑐 − 𝑑 ′ 600(163.125 − 65)
𝑓𝑠 = =
𝑐 163.125
′
𝑓𝑠 = 360.92 𝑀𝑃𝑎 < 𝑓𝑦
Use 𝑓𝑠′ = 360.92 𝑀𝑃𝑎

123.23 × 106 = 𝐴′𝑠 360.92 435 − 65

𝐴′𝑠 = 922.79 𝑚𝑚2
Problem 5 Part 2
𝑏 = 𝑏𝑤 = 300 𝑚𝑚 𝑉𝑢 𝑑
𝑉𝑐 = 0.17𝜆 𝑓𝑐′ + 17𝜌𝑤 𝑏 𝑑
ℎ = 600 𝑚𝑚 𝑀𝑢 𝑤
𝑓𝑐′ = 25 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝐴𝑠
𝑓𝑦 = 𝑓𝑦𝑡 = 415 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝜌𝑤 =
𝑏𝑤 𝑑
𝜋
𝐴𝑠 = 4 32 𝑚𝑚 2 = 1024𝜋 𝑚𝑚2
4 𝑉 𝑑
𝜋 Note: The quantity 𝑀𝑢 should be less than 1.
𝐴𝑣 = 2 12 𝑚𝑚 2 = 72𝜋 𝑚𝑚2 𝑢
4 𝑉𝑢 𝑑 200 𝑘𝑁 ⋅ 0.532 𝑚
𝑠 = 100 𝑚𝑚 = = 1.064 > 1
𝑀𝑢 100 𝑘𝑁 ⋅ 𝑚
𝑐𝑐 = 40 𝑚𝑚 𝑉 𝑑
1 Use 𝑀𝑢 = 1
𝑢
𝑑 = 600 𝑚𝑚 − 40 𝑚𝑚 − 12 𝑚𝑚 − 32 𝑚𝑚
2 1024𝜋
𝑑 = 532 𝑚𝑚 𝑉𝑐 = 0.17 1 25 + 17 1 300 532
300 ⋅ 532
𝑉𝑐 = 190.35 × 103 𝑁
Part 1 𝑉𝑐 = 190.35 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑐 = 0.17𝜆 𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑤 𝑑
𝑉𝑐 = 0.17 1 25 300 532 = 135.66 × 103 𝑁
𝑉𝑐 = 135.66 𝑘𝑁
Part 3
𝑁𝑢 Notes:
𝑉𝑐 = 0.17𝜆 𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 1 + 𝑁 0.29𝑁
14𝐴𝑔 1. The quantities 14𝐴𝑢 and 𝐴 𝑢 must be
𝑔 𝑔
180 × 103 𝑁
𝑉𝑐 = 0.17 1 25 300 532 1 + in MPa.
14 ⋅ 300 𝑚𝑚 ⋅ 600 𝑚𝑚 2. 𝑁𝑢 is positive for compression,
𝑉𝑐 = 145.35 × 103 𝑁 negative for tension.
𝑉𝑐 = 145.35 𝑘𝑁

Part 4
0.29𝑁𝑢
𝑉𝑐 = 0.17𝜆 𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 1 +
𝐴𝑔
0.29 −180 × 103 𝑁
𝑉𝑐 = 0.17 1 25 300 532 1 +
300 𝑚𝑚 ⋅ 600 𝑚𝑚
𝑉𝑐 = 96.32 × 103 𝑁
𝑉𝑐 = 96.32 𝑘𝑁
Problem 6 Simply supported beam with uniformly distributed load
𝑏 = 𝑏𝑤 = 300 𝑚𝑚 𝑤𝑢 and length 𝐿:
𝑑 = 520 𝑚𝑚
𝐿 = 6𝑚 Critical section for shear is at distance 𝑑 away from
𝑘𝑁 either support
𝑤𝐷 = 10 𝐿
𝑚
𝑘𝑁 𝑉𝑢 = 𝑤𝑢 − 𝑑
𝑤𝐿 = 22 2
𝑚 𝑘𝑁 6 𝑚
′
𝑓𝑐 = 21 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑉𝑢 = 47.2 − 0.52 𝑚 = 117.056 𝑘𝑁
𝑚 2
𝑓𝑦 = 345 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑓𝑦𝑡 = 276 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑉𝑢 = 𝜙 𝑉𝑐 + 𝑉𝑠
𝜋 𝑉𝑢
𝐴𝑣 = 2 10 𝑚𝑚 2 = 50𝜋 𝑚𝑚2 𝑉𝑠 = − 𝑉𝑐
4 𝜙
117.056 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑐 = 0.17𝜆 𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 𝑉𝑠 = − 121.53 𝑘𝑁 = 34.54 𝑘𝑁
0.75
𝑉𝑐 = 0.17 1 21 300 520 = 121.53 × 103 𝑁
𝑉𝑐 = 121.53 𝑘𝑁 𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦𝑡 𝑑 𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦𝑡 𝑑
𝑉𝑠 = →𝑠=
𝑠 𝑉𝑠
𝑤𝑢 = 1.2𝑤𝐷 + 1.6𝑤𝐿 Smallest among 50𝜋(276)(520)
𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁 260 mm, 600 mm 𝑠= = 652.69 𝑚𝑚
𝑤𝑢 = 1.2 10 + 1.6 22 = 47.2 and 652.69 mm 34.54 × 103
𝑚 𝑚 𝑚 From NSCP,
𝑑
𝑠 = min , 600 𝑚𝑚 = 260 𝑚𝑚
2
Problem 7 𝑤𝑢 = 1.2𝑤𝐷 + 1.6𝑤𝐿
𝐿 =4𝑚 𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
𝑏 = 𝑏𝑤 = 300 𝑚𝑚 𝑤𝑢 = 1.2 15.88 + 1.6 15
𝑚 𝑚
ℎ = 550 𝑚𝑚 𝑘𝑁
𝜋 𝑤𝑢 = 43.06
𝐴𝑠 = 5 20 𝑚𝑚 2 = 500𝜋 𝑚𝑚2 𝑚
4
𝜋
𝐴𝑣 = 3 10 𝑚𝑚 2 = 75𝜋 𝑚𝑚2 Part 1
4
𝑠 = 100 𝑚𝑚 𝑉𝑐 = 0.17𝜆 𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑤 𝑑
𝑓𝑐 = 21 𝑀𝑃𝑎 20
Assume 𝑑 = 550 − 40 − 10 − 2 = 490 𝑚𝑚
𝑓𝑦 = 414 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑉𝑐 = 0.17 1 21 300 490 = 114.52 × 103 𝑁
𝑓𝑦𝑡 = 276 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑉𝑐 = 114.52 𝑘𝑁
𝑘𝑁
𝑤𝑆𝐷 = 12
𝑚 Part 2
𝑘𝑁
𝑤𝐿 = 15 𝑉𝑛 = 𝑉𝑐 + 𝑉𝑠
𝑚 𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦𝑡 𝑑 75𝜋(276)(490)
𝑉𝑠 = =
Preliminary calculations: 𝑠 100
3
𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁 𝑉𝑠 = 318.65 × 10 𝑁 = 318.65 𝑘𝑁
𝑤𝐷 = 12 + 23.5 3 0.3 𝑚 0.55 𝑚
𝑚 𝑚
𝑉𝑛 = 114.52 𝑘𝑁 + 318.65 𝑘𝑁
𝑘𝑁
𝑤𝐷 = 15.88 𝑉𝑛 = 433.17 𝑘𝑁
𝑚
 𝑃𝑢

Concentrated load within distance 𝑑:

43.06 kN/m Critical section for shear is at left support

𝑉𝑢 = 𝑅1
𝜙𝑉𝑛 = 𝑅1
0.35 𝑚
43.06(6) 𝑃𝑢 (6 − 0.35)
0.75 433.17 = +
2 6
𝑑 = 0.49 𝑚
𝑃𝑢 = 207.82 𝑘𝑁

6𝑚

43.06(6) 𝑃𝑢 (6 − 0.35) 43.06(6) 𝑃𝑢 (0.35)

𝑅1 = + 𝑅2 = +
2 6 2 6
Problem 8 450 𝑘𝑁 = 0.75 267.344 𝑘𝑁 + 𝑉𝑠𝑦
𝑉𝑢𝑦 = 450 𝑘𝑁 𝑉𝑠𝑦 = 332.656 𝑘𝑁
𝑏𝑤𝑥 = 500 𝑚𝑚 𝐴𝑣𝑦 𝑓𝑦𝑡 𝑑𝑦 𝐴𝑣𝑦 𝑓𝑦𝑡 𝑑𝑦
28 𝑉𝑠𝑦 = → 𝑠𝑦 =
𝑑𝑥 = 700 − 40 − 12 − = 634 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑦 𝑉𝑠𝑦
2 144𝜋(278)(434)
𝑏𝑤𝑦 = 700 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑦 = = 164.08 𝑚𝑚
28 332.656 × 103
𝑑𝑦 = 500 − 40 − 12 − = 434 𝑚𝑚 𝑑𝑦
2 𝑠𝑦 = min , 600 𝑚𝑚 = 217 𝑚𝑚
𝜋 2
𝐴𝑣𝑥 = 3 12 𝑚𝑚 2 = 108𝜋 𝑚𝑚2 ∴ 𝑠 = 164.08 𝑚𝑚
4
𝜋
𝐴𝑣𝑦 = 4 12 𝑚𝑚 2 = 144𝜋 𝑚𝑚2
4 Part 2
𝑓𝑐′ = 28 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑓𝑦 = 415 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑓𝑦𝑡 = 278 𝑀𝑃𝑎

Part 1
𝑉𝑢𝑦 = 𝜙 𝑉𝑐𝑦 + 𝑉𝑠𝑦
𝑉𝑐𝑦 = 0.17𝜆 𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑤𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑉𝑐𝑦 = 0.88 700 434 = 267.344 × 103 𝑁
𝑉𝑐𝑦 = 267.344 𝑘𝑁
Part 2 Part 3
min 𝐵, 𝐻 350 − ℎ𝑦 min 𝐵, 𝐻 350 − ℎ𝑥
𝑠𝑦 = min , 6𝑑𝑏 , 100 + 𝑠𝑥 = min , 6𝑑𝑏 , 100 +
4 3 4 3

min 𝐵, 𝐻 min 500 𝑚𝑚, 700 𝑚𝑚 min 𝐵, 𝐻 min 500 𝑚𝑚, 700 𝑚𝑚
= = 125 𝑚𝑚 = = 125 𝑚𝑚
4 4 4 4

6𝑑𝑏 = 6 28 𝑚𝑚 = 168 𝑚𝑚 6𝑑𝑏 = 6 28 𝑚𝑚 = 168 𝑚𝑚

12 12
ℎ𝑦 = 500 − 2 40 + = 408 𝑚𝑚 ℎ𝑥 = 700 − 2 40 + = 608 𝑚𝑚
2 2
350 − ℎ𝑦 350 − 408 350 − ℎ𝑦 350 − 608
100 + = 100 + 100 + = 100 +
3 3 3 3
350 − ℎ𝑦 350 − ℎ𝑦
100 + = 80.67 𝑚𝑚 < 100 𝑚𝑚 100 + = 14 𝑚𝑚 < 100 𝑚𝑚
3 3
350 − ℎ𝑦 350 − ℎ𝑦
100 + = 100 𝑚𝑚 100 + = 100 𝑚𝑚
3 3

𝑠𝑦 = min 125 𝑚𝑚, 168 𝑚𝑚, 100 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑥 = min 125 𝑚𝑚, 168 𝑚𝑚, 100 𝑚𝑚
𝑠𝑦 = 100 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑥 = 100 𝑚𝑚
Problem 9 𝜙𝑉𝑛 = 0.75 117.01 𝑘𝑁 + 269.98 𝑘𝑁
𝑏 = 𝑏𝑤 = 350 𝑚𝑚 𝜙𝑉𝑛 = 290.24 𝑘𝑁
ℎ = 450 𝑚𝑚
𝑑 = 450 𝑚𝑚 − 75 𝑚𝑚 = 375 𝑚𝑚 Part 2
𝑓𝑐′ = 27.5 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝜋 2
𝐴𝑣 = 3 10 𝑚𝑚 = 75𝜋 𝑚𝑚2
𝑓𝑦 = 415 𝑀𝑃𝑎 4
𝑓𝑦𝑡 = 275 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝜙𝑉𝑛 = 375 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑐 = 117.01 𝑘𝑁
Part 1
𝜋 𝜙𝑉𝑛 = 𝜙 𝑉𝑐 + 𝑉𝑠
𝐴𝑣 = 3 10 𝑚𝑚 2 = 75𝜋 𝑚𝑚2 𝜙𝑉𝑛
4 𝑉𝑠 = − 𝑉𝑐
𝑠 = 90 𝑚𝑚 𝜙
𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦𝑡 𝑑 75𝜋(275)(375) 375 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑠 = = 𝑉𝑠 = − 117.01 𝑘𝑁 = 382.99 𝑘𝑁
𝑠 90 0.75
3
𝑉𝑠 = 269.98 × 10 𝑁 = 269.98 𝑘𝑁
𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦𝑡 𝑑 𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦𝑡 𝑑
𝑉𝑠 = →𝑠=
𝑉𝑐 = 0.17𝜆 𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 𝑠 𝑉𝑠
75𝜋(275)(375)
𝑉𝑐 = 0.17 1 27.5 350 375 𝑠= = 63.44 𝑚𝑚
𝑉𝑐 = 117.01 × 103 𝑁 = 117.01 𝑘𝑁 382.99 × 103

𝜙𝑉𝑛 = 𝜙 𝑉𝑐 + 𝑉𝑠
Part 3
𝜋 2
𝐴𝑣 = 2 10 𝑚𝑚 = 50𝜋 𝑚𝑚2
4

Allowable max spacing:

𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦𝑡 𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦𝑡
𝑠 = min ,
0.062 𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝑤 0.35𝑏𝑤
𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦𝑡 50𝜋(275)
= = 379.60 𝑚𝑚
′
0.062 𝑓𝑐 𝑏𝑤 0.062 27.5 350
𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦𝑡 50𝜋(275)
= = 352.63 𝑚𝑚
0.35𝑏𝑤 0.35(350)

𝑠 = min 379.60 𝑚𝑚, 352.63 𝑚𝑚

𝑠 = 352.63 𝑚𝑚