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Class Viii Civics (Synopsis) Chapter Understanding Marginalisation and Confronting Marginalisation

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24 views2 pages

Class Viii Civics (Synopsis) Chapter Understanding Marginalisation and Confronting Marginalisation

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madhavnagpal2078
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BCM SCHOOL, CHANDIGARH ROAD LUDHIANA

A SR SEC, SCHOOL OF BCM FOUNDATION, AFFILIATED TO CBSE, NEW DELHI


SYNOPSIS CLASS VIII
CHAPTER 7 & 8 UNDERSTANDING MARGINALISATION AND CONFRONTING
MARGINALISATION
What is Marginalisation?
‘Marginalised’ as a term refers to those individuals or groups of persons in the social environment
who are treated less important or fall under the category of lower sections in the society. ‘Socially
Marginalised’ are those who are marginalised on the basis of if they speak a different language,
follow different customs, belong to a different religious group from the majority community are not
accepted by society. Socially excluded people are viewed with hostility and fear. There is a sense of
difference between different communities. There are also social, economic and political factors
where certain groups are marginalised.
Who are Adivasis?
The term originally refers to inhabitants – communities who lived and often continue to live, in close
association with forests. 8% of the Indian population are Adivasis. There are around 500 different
groups of Adivasis in India. They are not among a homogeneous population. Most of the Industrial
and mining areas of India are located in the Adivasis area.
Orissa is for more than 60 different tribal groups. Also, they are found in states like Gujarat,
Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, and in the north-eastern states of Arunachal
Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, and Tripura.
Adivasis have their own languages, which were as old as Sanskrit. Santhali was spoken by a large
number of people
Adivasis and Stereotype
Stereotype as a characteristic has been imposed upon groups of people on the basis of race,
sexuality among them.Adivasis are also believed to be exotic, primitive, and backward. They wear
lcolorful costumes, headgear, and portrayed through their dancing skills.
Adivasis and Development
Forests play a crucial part in the development of various areas in India. Adivasis are co mmonly the
tribal communities that live near forests and rely on them for their livelihood. All the empires were
majorly dependant on forest resources. They were once known as hunter-gatherers and nomads in
the pre-colonial period. They lived by shifting agriculture and cultivating in one place. For the past
two hundred years, Adivasis have been forced through economic changes, forest policies, and
political force applied by State to migrate as workers in plantations, industries, and as domestic
workers.
Minorities and Marginalisation
The term minority refers to those communities that are numerically small in relation to the rest of
the population. It confines the issues of power, access to resources and has social and cultural
dimensions. Safeguards are required in order to protect minority communities against the possibility
of being culturally overpowered by the majority. The Constitution provides these safeguards so that
India remains culturally diverse and promotes equality as well as justice.
Muslims and Marginalisation
13% of the Muslim community are marginalised in India. They have over the years been deprived of
the benefits of socio-economic development, basic amenities, literacy, and public employment.
Practices such as wearing burqa and fez make them different from others and this is why they tend
to be identified differently and are not like the rest of the Muslims.
This socially excluded Muslims in some instances has led to their migration from places where they
have lived which leads to the ghettoization of the community.
Ghettoization: A ghetto is an area or locality that is largely populated by people of a particular
community. This can be due to various social, cultural, and economic reasons.
Invoking Fundamental Rights :
Dalits, Muslims, women and other marginal groups argue that simply by being citizens of a
democratic country, they possess equal rights that must be respected. The struggles of the
marginalized groups have influenced the government to frame new laws, in k eeping with the spirit
of the Fundamental Rights.
Article 17 of the Constitution states that untouchability has been abolished.
This means that no one can henceforth prevent Dalit from educating themselves, entering temples,
using public facilities, etc.
Article 15 of the Constitution states that no citizen of India shall be discriminated on the basis of
religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth. This has been used by Dalits to seek equality where it has
been denied to them. Various other provisions under constitution prohibit the exploitation faced by
marginalised.
Laws for the Marginalised Groups:
There are specific laws and policies for the marginalized groups in our country.
The government tries to promote social justice by providing for free or subsidized hostels for the
students of Dalit and Adivasi communities. The reservation policy is significant and highly
contentious. Governments across India have their list of Scheduled Castes or Dalits, Scheduled Tribes
and backward and most backward castes. The central government too has its list.Students applying
to educational institutions and those applying for posts in government are expected to furnish proof
of their caste or tribe status, in the form of caste and tribe certificates.Different kind of scho larship
programmes are also run by governments.
Protecting the Rights of Dalits and Adivasis:
The Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act was framed in 1989 to
protect Dalits and Adivasis against the domination and violence of the powerful castes.
A number of assertive Dalit groups came into being and asserted their rights-they refused to perform
their so-called caste duties and insisted on being treated equally.
In the 1970’s and 1980’s, Adivasi people successfully organised themselves and demanded equal
rights and for their land resources to be returned to them.
In 1993, the government passed the Employment of Manual Scavengers and Construction of Dry
Latrines (Prohibition) Act. This law prohibits the employment of manual scavengers as well as the
construction of Dry latrines.
We still notice instances of atrocities against Dalits, minorities and lower section of society. this
situation really needs to be taken care of by implementing the laws made by government.

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