DESIGN OF BEAMS ANNEXURE 4.

SL.No DESCRIPTION REFERENCE

1 STEEL CIRCULAR SILO DESIGN
1.1 BASIC INPUT
Material stored in the silo Calcined lime
Liner material inside the silo No liner
Bulk density of the material stored W 1 T/m3 IS:9178 (Part-I) Table 2
Height of silo top from FGL 17.075 m
Height of silo top from its support 7.175 m
Height of silo roof hr 0 m
Cylindrical Portion: Height hc 6.2 m
Diameter dc 3.5 m
Area A 9.62113 m2
Moment of inertia I 0.13562 m4
Section modulus Zc 0.0775 m3
Hopper Portion: Height hh 2.95 m
Bottom Diameter dh 0.7 m
Slope of hopper wall with horizontal θ 64.54 °
Slant height of hopper portion l 3.231 m
Corrosion allowance on wall plate thickness 1.5 mm IS:9178 (Part-II) Cl.13.1
Permissible stresses IS:800-1984
Yield strength fy 250 N /mm 2

Poisson's ratio μ 0.3

Young's modulus of steel E 2*105 N /mm2
Allowable shear stress τva 100 N /mm2 Cl.6.4.1
Allowable bending stress σbc 165 N /mm2 Cl.6.2.1
Allowable axial tensile stress σat 150 N /mm2 Cl.4.1.1
Allowable direct compressive stress σac 150 N /mm2 Cl.5.1.1

1.2 CALCULATION OF SILO CAPACITY

Volume of cylindrical portion = π dc2*hc/4 Vc 59.651 m3
Volume of hopper portion
= π hh((dc2+dh2)+(dc*dh))/12 Vh 12 m3
Total volume of silo = Vc+Vh V 71 m3
Capacity of silo (i.e., material weight) = V*W C 71 T
700 kN

1.3 CALCULATION OF LOADS ON SILO

1.3.1 Dead load
Self wt. of roof support structure 0 kN/m2 IS:875 (Part-1)
Dust load on roof 0.5 kN/m2 Assumed

Self wt. of shell of cylindrical portion

= π((dc+(2*t/1000))2-dc2)*hc*78.5/4 42.9102 kN
Self wt. of hopper per unit area Ws 0.6 kN/m2
Load due to manhole, valve & level indicator 20 kN
Additional equipment load, if any 60 kN assumed

1.3.2 Live load

Live load on roof LL 0 kN/m2 IS:875 (Part-2)

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DESIGN OF BEAMS ANNEXURE 4.1

SL.No DESCRIPTION REFERENCE

1.3.3 Wind load

Job location Jamshedpur
Basic wind speed Vb 47 m/s IS:875 (Part-3)

Terain category II Cl.6.3.2.1

Height of the silo h 9.2 m

Breadth or Diameter of the silo W 3.5 m
Height to breadth ratio h/W 2.61429
Force coefficient Cf 0.7 Table 25
Design wind speed, Vd = k1*k2*k3*Vb m/s Cl.6.3
Design wind pressure Pd = (0.6 x Vd2)/1000 kN/m2
Design wind force, F = Pd*Cf*D*h kN
Table 1&3 for k1, k2
Wind Ref. Ht. Part Z (m) k1 k2 k3 Vd Pd F Cl.6.3.3 for k3
7.45m to 10.875m Hopper 3.425 1 1 1 47.0 1.325 6.673
10.875m to 17.075m Cylinder-1 6.2 1 1.05 1 49.4 1.461 22.2

1.3.4 Material load on silo IS: 9178 (Part I)

Mean particle diameter of the material ≥ 0.2 mm
Angle of internal friction Φ 45 ° Table 2
Angle of wall friction, Table 3
δf, For grannular material 0.75*Φ 33.8 °
δe, For grannular material 0.6*Φ 27.0 °
Pressure ratio, while filling λf 0.5 Table 3
while emptying λe 1.0
Coefficient of wall friction
While Filling, µf = tanδf 0.7
While Emptying, µe = tanδe 0.5
Hydraulic radius = Area / Perimeter R = dc/4 0.9 m

Pressure on Silo Wall Table 4

Max. Vertical load transferred to the wall Clause 6.2.1.1
per unit area due to friction, Max. P w = WR 8.6 kN/m2
Max. horizontal pressure on the wall
While Filling, Phf = WR/µf 12.84649 kN/m
2

While Emptying, Phe = WR/µe 16.846558 kN/m

2

Max. vertical pressure on the horizontal

cross section of the stored material
While Filling, Pvf = WR/µf λf 25.7 kN/m2

Variation of pressure along the depth, Clause 6.2.1.3

Pi (z) = Pi (max) * (1 – e(-z/zo))
where, suffix i stands for w, h or v corresponding
to the pressure Pw, Ph or Pv respectively
and, While Filling, Zof = R/(µfλf) 2.6 m
While Emptying, Zoe = R/(µeλe) 1.7 m

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DESIGN OF BEAMS ANNEXURE 4.1

SL.No DESCRIPTION REFERENCE

Ph(des) = Pe upto 1.2dc or 0.75h whichever is less Fig. 3

1.2dc 4.2 m
0.75h 6.8625 m
Depth at which Ph(des) is maximum,
h - min(1.2dc, 0.75h) 5.0 m

Variation of Ph & Pv along height of wall

Part Z (m) Z/Zof Z/Zoe Phf (kN/m2) Phe (kN/m2) Pv(des) = Pvf
Ph(des) (kN/m2) (kN/m2)
0.263 0.1 0.2 1.23 2.39 2.39
1.1 0.4 0.6 4.29 7.77 7.77
Cylindrical portion-1

1.9 0.7 1.1 6.54 11.15 11.15

2.7 1.0 1.6 8.20 13.27 13.27
3.5 1.3 2.0 9.42 14.60 14.60 _
4.3 1.6 2.5 10.32 15.44 15.44
5.1 1.9 2.9 10.99 15.96 15.96
5.9 2.2 3.4 11.48 16.29 15.46
6.2 2.4 3.6 11.64 16.39 14.96
6.6 2.5 3.8 11.80 16.48 14.46 23.60
7.3 2.8 4.3 12.06 16.61 13.96 24.11
Hopper
portion

8.1 3.1 4.7 12.27 16.70 13.46 24.53

8.9 3.4 5.2 12.42 16.75 12.96 24.84
9.1 3.5 5.3 12.46 16.76 12.46 24.91

1.4 ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF SILO IS: 9178 (Part II)

1.4.1 Cylindrical portion-1

Depth of cylindrical portion-1 6.2 m
Max. normal pressure on cylindrical portion-1 Pn 15.96 kN/m2
Hoop tension = Pn*dc/2 TH 27.9357 kN/m Cl.9.4
Thickness of plate required = TH/σat 0.18624 mm
Thk. Required + corrosion allowance 1.68624 mm
Hence Minimum thk. of plate as per design 6 mm Cl.12.1
Minimum thk. of plate + corrosion allowance 7.5 mm
Hence, Thk. of plate provided 8 mm
Check for buckling
Pw on cylindrical portion,
= πdc*WR*(Z-Zoe(1 – e(-z/zo))) 427.476 kN Cl.6.2.1.2
Total vertical load on wall of cylindrical portion,
= DL+LL+Pw Wt 495.197 kN

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DESIGN OF BEAMS ANNEXURE 4.1

SL.No DESCRIPTION REFERENCE

Compressive stress in silo wall due to W t
= Wt/(π*t*dc) σc 5.62951 MPa
Tensile stress developed = TH/t σt 4.3 MPa Cl.13.2
Net compressive stress = σc+(μ*σt) 6.91885 MPa
Net tensile stress = σt+(μ*σc) 5.98666 MPa
Max. BM in cylindrical portion due to wind M 68.809 kNm
Compressive stress in silo wall due to wind M/Zc 0.88788 MPa
Max. compressive stress due to DL+LL+WL 7.8 MPa OK `

Longitudinal tension, TL is neglected for the analysis of cylindrical

portion of silo, as the silo is supported at the intersection of hopper &
cylindrical portion. Cl.9.4.1

1.4.3 Hopper portion

Normal pressure at the intersection of
cylindrical & hopper portion, Pn 16.421 kN/m2 Cl.9.5

= Pv(des)cos2θ+Ph(des)sin2θ+Wscosθ
Radius at the intersection r1 1.75 m
Hoop tension = Pn*r1*cosecθ TH 31.8277 kN/m Cl.9.5.1
Thickness of plate required = TH/σat 0.2 mm
Thk. Required + corrosion allowance 1.7 mm
Hence Minimum thk. of plate as per design 6.0 mm Cl.12.1
Minimum thk. of plate + corrosion allowance 7.5 mm
Hence, Thk. of plate provided th 8 mm
Check for hopper wall
Surface area of hopper Sa
= 0.5*2*π(r1+r2)*l 21.316 m2
Self wt. of hopper = (Sa*th)*78.5 13 kN
Self wt. of hopper bottom plate 0.2 kN Assumed PL 10X100
Wt. of fixtures at hopper bottom 4.0 kN Assumed
Total vertical load at hopper bottom, Wt 718 kN
Radius at hopper bottom r1 0.35 m
Longitudinal tension = Wt*cosecθ/(2πr1) TL 361.53 kN/m Cl.9.5.1
Longitudinal tensile stress = TL/th 55.62 MPa OK
Hoop stress = TH/th 4.89657 MPa OK
BM due to wind on hopper portion M 19.6855 kNm
Compressive stress in silo wall due to wind M/Zc 0.25 MPa OK

1.4.4 Horizontal & vertical stiffeners for silo wall

Height / Diameter of silo 2.61429 >2
Hence, spacing of stiffeners is the least of the
following: 100t or 1000mm Cl.11.3.2
Minimum thickness of stiffeners shall be equal to
thickness of shell or 6mm, whichever is more. Cl.11.3.1
Therefore,
For Cylindrical portion, provide
Horizontal ring stiffeners = 100 X 8thk PL at 800mm C/C
Vertical stiffeners = 100 X 8thk PL at 800mm C/C - Staggered

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DESIGN OF BEAMS ANNEXURE 4.1

SL.No DESCRIPTION REFERENCE

1.4.5 Ring beam
Load from roof & Self wt. of silo 141 kN
Wt. of silo wall stiffeners 7 kN
Self wt. of ring beam 55 kN
Net wt. of silo contents & structure Wd 904 kN
Compression on ring beam = Wd cotθ Pc 430.18 kN Appendix A-1.2

Ring beam C/S area required 2867.87 mm2

Physical properties of Inverted-T C/S provided
L 7163 mm
t1 8 mm
m 563 mm
t2 12 mm
A1 57304 mm2
A2 6756 mm2
A = A1+A2 6E+04 mm2 OK
y1 3593.5 mm
y2 6 mm
x1 459 mm Projected length taken
x2 281.5 mm from drg.
Centroid, Y = (A1*y1+A2*y2)/(A1+A2) Y 3215.15 mm
Centroid, X = (A1*x1+A2*x2)/(A1+A2) X 440.28 mm
Ix1 = (t1*L3/12)+(A1*(Y-y1)2) Ix1 2.5E+11 mm4
Ix2 = (m*t23/12)+(A2*(Y-y2)2) Ix2 7E+10 mm4
Iy1 = (L*t13/12)+(A1*(X-x1)2) Iy1 2E+07 mm4
Iy2 = (t2*m3/12)+(A2*(X-x2)2) Iy2 3.5E+08 mm4
Ixx 3.2E+11 mm4
Iyy 3.7E+08 mm4
Polar moment of inertia IP 3.2E+11 mm4
Zxx 1E+08 mm3
Zyy 838481 mm3
Bending & Torsional moments in ring beam
Mean radius of ring beam r2 1.75 m Table 3

BM at each BM at each Torsional

Load at
Angular Max. shear, support, Ms = midspan, moment, Mt
support,
Support spacing of Wd*0.063, (- Mm = =
0.125Wd,
supports, α° kN 0.00827*Wd*r2 (0.00416*W (0.0063*Wd
kN
), kNm d*r2), kNm *r2), kNm

1 45 112.94 56.92 -13.08 6.58 1.00

2 45 112.94 56.92 -13.08 6.58 1.00
3 45 112.94 56.92 -13.08 6.58 1.00
4 45 112.94 56.92 -13.08 6.58 1.00
5 45 112.94 56.92 -13.08 6.58 1.00
6 45 112.94 56.92 -13.08 6.58 1.00
7 45 112.94 56.92 -13.08 6.58 1.00
8 45 112.94 56.92 -13.08 6.58 1.00

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DESIGN OF BEAMS ANNEXURE 4.1

SL.No DESCRIPTION REFERENCE

Check for combined stresses
(σa/σac) + (maxσbs or σbm/σbc) + ((τx+τy)/τva) ≤ 1
Bending Bending
Torsional
Axial stress, σa stress at stress at Shear stress, τx Combined
Support stress, τy
(MPa) support, σbs midspan, (Mpa) stress ratio
(Mpa)
(MPa) σbm (MPa)
1 1.76 0.13 0.07 0.89 0.07 0.02
2 1.76 0.13 0.07 0.89 0.07 0.02
3 1.76 0.13 0.07 0.89 0.07 0.02
4 1.76 0.13 0.07 0.89 0.07 0.02
5 1.76 0.13 0.07 0.89 0.07 0.02
6 1.76 0.13 0.07 0.89 0.07 0.02
7 1.76 0.13 0.07 0.89 0.07 0.02
8 1.76 0.13 0.07 0.89 0.07 0.02
Safe

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REFERENCE

:9178 (Part-I) Table 2

:9178 (Part-II) Cl.13.1

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REFERENCE

ble 1&3 for k1, k2

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REFERENCE

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sumed PL 10X100

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REFERENCE

ojected length taken

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REFERENCE

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