SEI/ASCE 23-97

Structural Engineering Institute

American Society of Civil Engineers

Specification for Structural

Steel Beams with
Web Openings

This document uses both Systeme International (SI) units and customary units.

Structural Engineering Institute

Published by the American Society of Civil Engineers
1801 Alexander Bell Drive
Reston, Virginia 20191-4400
ABSTRACT
This Specification covers the design of composite and non-
composite beams with web openings. Basic design proce-
dures involve determination of maximum nominal flexural ca-
pacity, maximum nominal shear capacity, and interaction of
flexure and shear. Section properties are limited to ensure
ductile behavior. Rectangular and circular openings, with or
without opening reinforcement, are addressed. The specifi-
cation follows load and resistance factor design philosophy.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Specification for structural steel beams with web openings

/ American Society of Civil Engineers,
p. cm. — (ASCE standard)
"SEI/ASCE 23-97."
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 0-7844-0300-7
1. Girders—Specifications—United States. 2. Building,
Iron and steel. 3. Composite construction. 4. Load
factor design. I. American Society of Civil Engineers.
II. Series: American Society of Civil Engineers. ASCE
Standard.
TA660.B4S64 1998
624.1 '7723 —dc21 98-41258
CIP
r98

Photocopies. Authorization to photocopy material for internal

or personal use under circumstances not falling within the fair
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01923. The identification for ASCE Books is 0-7844-0300-7/
99/$8.00 + $.50 per page. Requests for special permission
or bulk copying should be addressed to Permissions & Copy-
right Dept., ASCE.

Copyright © 1999 by the American Society of Civil Engineers,

All Rights Reserved.
Library of Congress Catalog Card No: 98-41258
ISBN 0-7844-0300-7
Manufactured in the United States of America.
 STANDARDS
In April 1980, the Board of Direction approved ANSI/ASCE 8-90 Standard Specification for the De-
ASCE Rules for Standards Committees to govern the sign of Cold-Formed Stainless Steel Structural
writing and maintenance of standards developed by Members
the Society. All such standards are developed by a ANSI/ASCE 9-91 listed with ASCE 3-91
consensus standards process managed by the Man- ANSI/ASCE 10-97 Design of Latticed Steel Trans-
agement Group F (MGF), Codes and Standards. The mission Structures
consensus process includes balloting by the balanced ANSI/ASCE 11-90 Guideline for Structural Condi-
standards committee made up of Society members tion Assessment of Existing Buildings
and nonmembers, balloting by the membership of ANSI/ASCE 12-91 Guideline for the Design of Ur-
ASCE as a whole, and balloting by the public. All ban Subsurface Drainage
standards are updated or reaffirmed by the same pro- ASCE 13-93 Standard Guidelines for Installation of
cess at intervals not exceeding 5 years. Urban Subsurface Drainage
The following Standards have been issued. ASCE 14-93 Standard Guidelines for Operation and
Maintenance of Urban Subsurface Drainage
ANSI/ASCE 15-93 Standard Practice for Direct De-
ANSI/ASCE 1-82 N-725 Guideline for Design and sign of Buried Precast Concrete Pipe Using Stan-
Analysis of Nuclear Safety Related Earth dard Installations (SIDD)
Structures ASCE 16-95 Standard for Load and Resistance Fac-
ANSI/ASCE 2-91 Measurement of Oxygen Transfer tor Design (LRFD) of Engineered Wood
in Clean Water Construction
ANSI/ASCE 3-91 Standard for the Structural Design ASCE 17-96 Air-Supported Structures
of Composite Slabs and ANSI/ASCE 9-91 Stan- ASCE 18-96 Standard Guidelines for In-Process
dard Practice for the Construction and Inspection Oxygen Transfer Testing
of Composite Slabs ASCE 19-96 Structural Applications of Steel Cables
ANSE 4-86 Seismic Analysis of Safety-Related Nu- for Buildings
clear Structures ASCE 20-96 Standard Guidelines for the Design and
Building Code Requirements for Masonry Structures Installation of Pile Foundations
(ACI530-95/ASCE5-95/TMS402-95) and Specifi- ASCE 21-96 Automated People Mover Standards—
cations for Masonry Structures (ACI530.1-95/ Parti
ASCE6-95/TMS602-95) ASCE 22-97 Independent Project Peer Review
ANSI/ASCE 7-95 Minimum Design Loads for Build- ASCE 23-97 Specification for Structural Steel Beams
ings and Other Structures with Web Openings

iii
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 FOREWORD
The material presented in this publication has on the part of the American Society of Civil Engi-
been prepared in accordance with recognized engi- neers, or of any other person named herein, that this
neering principles. This Standard and Commentary information is suitable for any general or particular
should not be used without first securing competent use or promises freedom from infringement of any
advice with respect to their suitability for any given patent or patents. Anyone making use of this infor-
application. The publication of the material contained mation assumes all liability from such use.
herein is not intended as a representation or warranty

v
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 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The American Society of Civil Engineers Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) Specifi-
(ASCE) acknowledges the work of the Structural cation for Structural Steel Buildings (1993).
Steel Beams with Web Openings Standards Commit- The Specification and Commentary represent the
tee of the Codes and Standards Activities Division of culmination of many years of work and rely heavily
the Structural Engineering Institute of ASCE. This on the research efforts of many individuals. These
group comprises individuals from many backgrounds documents were first written by the ASCE Structural
including: consulting engineering, research, construc- Division Task Committee on Design Criteria for
tion industry, education, goverment, design and pri- Composite Structures in Steel and Concrete and were
vate practice. first published in the Journal of Structural Engineer-
This Standard was prepared through the consen- ing in 1992. The current documents incorporate mod-
sus standards process by balloting in complince with ifications to the original Specification and Commen-
procedures of ASCE's Codes and Standards Activities tary that reflect efforts by the Standards Committee
Committee. to improve the usability and applicability of the de-
This Specification and accompanying Commen- sign procedures embodied in these Standards. Those
tary cover the design of composite and noncomposite individuals who serve on the Standards Committee
beams with web openings. The specification is writ- are:
ten for structural designers for use with the AISC

David Darwin, Chairman Rex C. Donahey

University of Kansas Ellerbe Becket
W. Samuel Easterling, Secretary Lawrence G. Griffis
Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University Walter P. Moore & Assoc. Inc.
John Bailey Ramon Gilsanz
Havens Steel Company Gilsanz, Murray and Steficek
Howard Burton Structural Engineers
Skilling Ward Magnusson Barkshire, Inc. Nestor Iwankiw
Harry A. Chambers American Institute of Steel Construction
TRW Nelson Stud Welding Div. Roberto T. Leon
William C. Clawson Georgia Institute of Technology
Howard Needles Tamman & Bergandoff William D. Wall
Gregory G. Deierlein International Conference of Building Officials
Cornell University

vii
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 CONTENTS

Page
STANDARDS iii
FOREWORD v
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS vii

Standard
1.0 General 1
1.1 Scope 1

2.0 Applicable Document 1

3.0 Design 1

4.0 Design Procedure 1

4.1 Interaction of Flexure and Shear 1
4.2 Maximum Nominal Flexural Capacity 1
4.3 Maximum Nominal Shear Capacity 1
4.3.1 General Equations 1
4.3.2 Top Tee in Composite Beams 2

5.0 Design Criteria 3

5.1 Steel Section 3
5.2 Web Buckling 3
5.3 Buckling of Tee-Shaped Compression Zone 4
5.4 Lateral Buckling 4
5.5 Maximum Opening Dimensions 4
5.6 Tee Proportions 4
5.7 Corner Radii 4
5.8 Concentrated Loads 4
5.9 Placement of Opening 4
5.10 Spacing Between Opening 4
5.11 Circular Openings 5
5.12 Opening Reinforcement 5
5.13 Composite Members 5
5.14 Fatigue 5
5.15 Deflections 5

Commentary
Cl.O General 6

C2.0 Applicable Document 6

C3.0 Design 6

C4.0 Design Procedure 6

C5.0 Design Criteria 12

References 16

ix
Appendices
Appendix A—Notation for Specification 18
Appendix B—Notation for Commentary 18
Appendix C—Glossary 19

Index 20

x
Specification for Structural Steel Beams with
Web Openings
1.0 GENERAL where
M,, = Factored moment at centerline of opening
K = Factored shear at centerline of opening
1.1 SCOPE Mm = Maximum nominal flexural capacity at opening;
occurs when V,, = 0
This Specification for Structural Steel Beams Vm - Maximum nominal shear capacity at opening;
with Web Openings supplements the Load and Resis- occurs when M,, = 0 at opening centerline
tance Factor Design Specification for Structural Steel 4>0 = Resistance factor for opening design = 0.90 for
Buildings of the American Institute of Steel Construc- noncomposite sections and 0.85 for composite
tion. This Specification applies to both composite and sections
noncomposite flexural members in which the steel
section meets the requirements of a compact section.
4.2 MAXIMUM NOMINAL FLEXURAL
CAPACITY
2.0 APPLICABLE DOCUMENT
The maximum nominal flexural capacity at an
Load and Resistance Factor Design Specification opening M,,, shall be determined from the plastic
for Structural Steel Buildings (1993), American Insti- stress distribution on the net section. When an open-
tute of Steel Construction, Chicago, Illinois. ing is reinforced, M,,, shall not exceed the nominal
flexural capacity of the unperforated section without
reinforcement.
3.0 DESIGN
4.3 MAXIMUM NOMINAL SHEAR
The strength of a flexural member at a web
CAPACITY
opening shall be determined based on the interaction
of flexure and shear at the opening. Any procedure
The maximum nominal shear capacity at an
may be used that results in prediction of strength in
opening Vm shall equal the sum of the shear capaci-
substantial agreement with results of comprehensive
ties of the regions below and above the opening, the
tests. Unless stated otherwise, the provisions of the
bottom, and top tees
American Institute of Steel Construction Load and
Resistance Factor Design Specification for Structural
4.3.1 General Equations
Steel Buildings apply.
The shear capacity for an individual tee V,,,,, in-
The requirements of this section may be consid-
cluding the top tee in composite beams for which
ered satisfied by the procedure described in Section
1.0, is given by
4.0 in conjunction with the provisions of Section 5.0.

(2)
4.0 DESIGN PROCEDURE
where
Vp, - Plastic shear capacity of the web of the tee =
4.1 INTERACTION OF FLEXURE AND
Fytn.s,/\/3
SHEAR
Fy = Specified minimum yield stress of steel
tw - Thickness of web
The interaction of flexure and shear shall be lim-
v = Aspect ratio of tee = ajs,', use a0/5^ when open-
ited by Eq. (1).
ing is reinforced
a0 = Length of opening
(1) s, = Depth of tee