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CE52 Auto Intensity Control Street Light

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10 views6 pages

CE52 Auto Intensity Control Street Light

Uploaded by

sidramkhan3108
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction

There is a wide range of applications for light sensitive switch:

Staircase light timers, outdoor illumination automatic door


openers by a light beam, alarm system and so on. Many of over readers
will be familiar with the single transistor optoswich where an LDR is
placed between the base and either ground or supply depending whether
a normally on or manly off function is required. This simple circuit gave
way to more complex arrangements involving the use of opamps with
the advent of the super cheap 741! Another not so well known, method
of opto detection uses a bridge circuit operating on the principle that
current flow across the bridge will be zero when the bridge is in balance.

The latter principle is used in the circuit here. The opto detectors
situated in a bridge circuit and a comparator is used as a “bridge is in
balance” indicator. The comparator output fires a silicon controlled
rectifier (SCR) via a transistor. Caution must be used with this circuit,
since it is not isolated from the mains supply. Power to the circuit is
derived via the bridge rectifier D1….D4 and is smoothed and stabilized
by R1, C1 and D5. The bridge circuit may be difficult to see in the
circuit diagram, but it consists of R2….R4, P1 and the light dependent
resistor (LDR). IC 1 is connected as comparator and its output voltage
level will become approximately 1.8 V when the potential at the
inverting (negative) input exceeds that of the non-inverting input….
Resistor R5 creates an hysteresis of about 1 V to prevent T1 and the
SCR from switching on and off (flickering) in marginal high conditions.
The switching point of the comparator is adjustable by P1. With this
potentiometer sit to minimum resistance, the lamp will switch on at
twilight. If you require greater flexibility, replace P1 by a 1 ME type.

The LDR can be exchange with the P1/R4 combination to


provide the circuit with “inverse law”. The lamp La 1 will be
extinguished at the onset of darkness. Some particle consideration: for
switching higher power lamps, D1….D4 must be replace by 1 N 5404
types and a heat sink must be used for TH1. With these modifications
the circuit will cater for current level up to 3 amperes.

The maximum gate current available for TH1 250 µA, which
means that a fairly sensitive SCR should be suitable be used. Any LDR
should be suitable. There is no apology for repeating the caution
regarding the lack of isolation from the mains supply. With this is mind
it is housed securely in some form of plastic box. A hole can be made in
the top of the box for the LDR to see through. Make sure that both the
input and output cables are fitted securely. These precautions will ensure
that prying fingers will not come to grief.
Block Diagram

Power Street
LDR
Supply Light

Zero Crossing Voltage


Microcontroller
Detector Controller

Intensity
Indicator LED
Circuit Diagram
Circuit Working

Light Intensity which is coming from any external source like sun
light is received by LDR and is fed to Atmega8 Microcontroller. Signal
voltage coming from LDR is inversely proportional with the light
intensity of light source. But this signal is in analog form hence we
connect this pin to the analog input pin of microcontroller. After that it
will compare with the stored value of light intercity then controller tack
necessary action to on or off the light bulb.

This signal data is map with the light intensity of light bulb hence
light intensity is less then automatically intensity of light bulb is
increases. For that we using triac as a AC regulator circuit to regulate the
Intensity of Light Bulb In this way we can on Street Light when is
needed and off when not necessary.
Hardware Specifications

 ATmega series Microcontroller

 MOC3021

 light Sensor LDR

 Triac

Software Specifications
 Arduino Compiler

 MC Programming Language: Embedded C

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