Valves

A Valve is a fitting which control, regulate and direct the flow of the fluid by
opening or closing or obstacle the flow

Types of Valves
Name Valve Drwaing & theory Actual shape

A Ball valve is a quarter-turn

many ways. When a port in
the flow. Applications of the
It can be used in different typ
It can be used in air, gaseou
Metal seated valves can be
it is widely used with instrum
Advantages

• It is quick to open and clos

Ball Valve
• It is smaller and lighter than
• Several designs of ball valv
• Easy to operate and Cost-e
Disadvantages
• It cannot be used in service
• In slurry or other similar ap
leakage, or valve failure.
• Due to rapid opening and c
 A gate valve can be defined
or stop the fluid flow in pipin
A gate valve is the most com
service, these valves are eit
When the gate valve is fully
flow. Due to this very little pr
To achieve proper sealing, w
Gate Valve Applications
• Gate valves are used in alm
services.
• Some special gate valve is
Gate Valve
Advantages of Gate Valve
• Gate valve provides good
• Pressure drop during opera
• Most of the gate valve can
• They are suitable for high p
Disadvantages of Gate Valv
• It cannot be used to contro
• A gate valve is slow in ope
• When partially open it crea
Repairs, such as lapping an

A globe valve is a linear mot

from the flow path, or it can
perpendicularly to the seat.
This movement creates the
characteristic provides the g
The most used disk designs
1. Ball Type
2. Needle Type
3. Composite type
Application of Globe valve
Globe Valves are used in the
• It used in high-point vents a
Globe Valve
valve for drain and vent.
• It can be used in Feed-wat
• This valve is also used as a
and is opened and closed by
Advantages
• Better shut off as compare
• Good for frequent operatio
• Easy to repair, as seat and
• Fast operation compares to
• Usually operated by an aut
 The pinch valve is also know
rubber tube, also known as a
Pinch Valve – Application
It is ideally suited for the han
pneumatically.
Pinch Valve – Advantages
Pinch Valve • It can be used for applicatio
straight without any obstruct
• There are no internal movin
• Inexpensive due to simple
Pinch Valve – Disadvantage
• It cannot be used in high te

Plug valve is a Quarter-turn

shape, which has a passage
In the open position, this bor
the plug blocks the flow.
Application of Valve
This valve is used as on-off
It can be used in different typ
Also used in a vacuum to hig

Advantages
• Simple design with few par
Plug Valve • Quick to open or close
• inline maintenance possibl
• Offers minimal resistance t
• Provides reliable leak-tight
• Multiple port design helps r
Disadvantages
• It requires greater force to
• Larger valves cannot be op
• Pressure drop due to reduc
• Cost of Plug valves may be
 The primary purpose of a pr
furthermore, vacuum relief v
Relief valves
A relief valve is a gradual lift
pressure over the opening p
It may be provided with an o
can be adjusted by changing
Here in the image, you can s
commonly used with non-co
Pressure Relief
Valve Safety valves
A safety valve is a rapid ope
primarily with compressible g
Safety valves are classified
bore safety valves.

The valve that used to preve

The pressure of the fluid pas
It allows full unobstructed flo
mechanism of the valve.
The type of disk will decide t
Swing Type.
Top Hinged
Tilting disk
Check Valve Lift Type
Piston Type
Ball type
Dual Plate Type
Stop Check Valve
Check valves (Non-return va
pump and compressor alway
 A Butterfly valve is a quarter
open type. A 90° rotation of
shut-off is not required. In th
• Wafer Type
• Lug Style Type
• Flanged Type
• Butt Welded Ends Types
• Zero offset
• Double Offset
• Triple Offset
Large Butterfly valves are us
This will reduce the force bu
position. If the valve is close
Applications
Butterfly Valve • A Butterfly valve is used in
liquids, steam, cryogenics, c
• Butterfly Valve is used in a
Advantages
• Butterfly Valve is suitable f
compared to other valves
• Due to a quick operation, it
• The maintenance costs are
• A pressure drop across a b
• Valve with Non-metallic se
Disadvantages
• Throttling is limited to low d
• There is a chance for cavit
 Specs./ usage

Ball valve is a quarter-turn rotary motion valve that uses a ball-shaped disk to stop or start the flow. It resembles a plug valve in
many ways. When a port in the ball is in line, it allows flow whereas when you rotate the valve 90 degrees, solid part of the ball stop
he flow. Applications of the Valve
can be used in different types of fluid services as an on-off stop valve that provides bubble-tight shutoff.
can be used in air, gaseous, and vapor services as well as hydrocarbon services.
Metal seated valves can be used in high-pressure & temperature applications.
is widely used with instrument tubing to connect instruments.
dvantages

It is quick to open and close type that provides bubble-tight reliable sealing in high-pressure temperature applications.
It is smaller and lighter than a gate valve of the same size and rating.
Several designs of ball valves offer the flexibility of selection so that you can choose the valve that suits your requirements.
Easy to operate and Cost-effective maintenance.
isadvantages
It cannot be used in service that required throttling.
In slurry or other similar applications, the suspended particles can settle and become trapped in body cavities causing wear,
akage, or valve failure.
Due to rapid opening and closing, surge pressures may arise which could damage downstream equipment.
 gate valve can be defined as a type of valve that used a gate or wedge type disk and the disk moves perpendicular to flow to start
r stop the fluid flow in piping.
gate valve is the most common type of valve used in any process plant. It is a linear motion valve used to start or stop fluid flow. In
ervice, these valves are either in a fully open or fully closed position.
When the gate valve is fully open, the disk of a gate valve is completely removed from the flow. Therefore virtually no resistance to
ow. Due to this very little pressure drops when fluid passes through a gate valve.
o achieve proper sealing, when the valve is fully closed, 360° surface contact is required between disk and seats.
ate Valve Applications
Gate valves are used in almost all fluid services such as air, fuel gas, feedwater, steam, lube oil, hydrocarbon, and all most any
ervices.
Some special gate valve is used in slurry and powder product also such as knife gate valve
dvantages of Gate Valve
Gate valve provides good
Pressure drop during operation is very less.
Most of the gate valve can be used as bi-directional
They are suitable for high pressure and temperature application and required less maintenance
isadvantages of Gate Valve
It cannot be used to control the flow.
A gate valve is slow in operation. Opening and closing take time which is good also as it reduces the chance of hammering.
When partially open it creates vibration and noise.
epairs, such as lapping and grinding of seats are more difficult due to limited access.

globe valve is a linear motion valve used to stop, start, and regulate the fluid flow. The globe valve disk can be removed entirely
om the flow path, or it can completely close the flow path. During the opening and closing of the valve, the disc moves
erpendicularly to the seat.
his movement creates the annular space between the disk and seat ring that gradually closes as the valve closed. This
haracteristic provides the globe valve good throttling ability required for regulating the flow.
he most used disk designs are listed below.
. Ball Type
. Needle Type
. Composite type
pplication of Globe valve
lobe Valves are used in the systems where flow control is required and leak tightness is also important.
It used in high-point vents and low-point drains when leak tightness and safety are major concerns. Otherwise, you can use a gate
alve for drain and vent.
It can be used in Feed-water, chemical, air, lube oil and almost all services where pressure drop is not an issue
This valve is also used as an automatic control valve, but in that case, the stem of the valve is a smooth stem rather than threaded
nd is opened and closed by lifting action of an actuator assembly.
dvantages
Better shut off as compared to gate valve
Good for frequent operation as no fear of wear of seat and disk
Easy to repair, as seat and disk can be accessed from the valve top
Fast operation compares to gate valve due to shorter stroke length
Usually operated by an automatic actuator
he pinch valve is also known as a clamp valve. It is a linear motion valve. Used to start, regulate, and stop fluid flow. It uses a
ubber tube, also known as a pinch tube and pinch mechanism to control the fluid. This valve is the simplest in any valve design.
inch Valve – Application
is ideally suited for the handling of slurries, liquids with large amounts of suspended solids, and systems that convey solid material
neumatically.
inch Valve – Advantages
It can be used for application where corrosion or metal contamination of the fluid might be a problem. The flow from the valve is
raight without any obstruction.
There are no internal moving parts in contact with the fluid hence, low maintenance cost.
Inexpensive due to simple construction
inch Valve – Disadvantages
It cannot be used in high temperature-pressure applications and gas media.

lug valve is a Quarter-turn rotary motion Valve that uses a tapered or cylindrical plug to stop or start the flow. The disk is in plug
hape, which has a passage to pass the flow.
n the open position, this bored passage is in line with the flow. When the plug is turned 90° from the open position, the solid part of
he plug blocks the flow.
pplication of Valve
his valve is used as on-off stop valves and capable of providing bubble-tight shutoff.
can be used in different types of fluid services such as Air, gaseous, vapor, Hydrocarbon, slurries, mud, and sewage applications.
lso used in a vacuum to high-pressure & temperature applications

dvantages
Simple design with few parts
Quick to open or close
inline maintenance possible
Offers minimal resistance to flow
Provides reliable leak-tight service
Multiple port design helps reduce the number of valves needed and permits a change in a flow direction
isadvantages
It requires greater force to operate, due to high friction
Larger valves cannot be operated manually and required an actuator
Pressure drop due to reducing port
Cost of Plug valves may be more than ball valves for given size and class
 he primary purpose of a pressure Relief Valve is to protect the life and property by venting fluid from an over-pressurized system.
urthermore, vacuum relief valve ensures that vacuum like situation does not occur in the system by allowing air inside the system.
elief valves
relief valve is a gradual lift pressure relief device actuated by inlet static pressure. An opening is proportional to the increase in inlet
ressure over the opening pressure of the valve.
may be provided with an open or enclosed spring housing that also known as a bonnet. The opening pressure at which valve act,
an be adjusted by changing the load on spring.
ere in the image, you can see the enclosed spring type Relief valves for closed discharged applications. Relief valves are
ommonly used with non-compressible liquid systems in chemical, petrochemical, and oil & gas industries.

afety valves
safety valve is a rapid opening or pop-up action pressure relief valve actuated by inlet static pressure. Safety valves are used
rimarily with compressible gasses. Particularly for steam and air services.
afety valves are classified according to the lift of the disk and bore of the valve. Types of safety valves are low lift, full-lift, and full-
ore safety valves.

he valve that used to prevent backflow in a piping system is known as a check valve. It is also known as a non-return valve or NRV.
he pressure of the fluid passing through a pipeline opens the valve, while any reversal of flow will close the valve.
allows full unobstructed flow and automatically shuts as pressure decreases. The exact operation will vary depending on the
mechanism of the valve.
he type of disk will decide the type of valve. Most common types of Check valves are
wing Type.
op Hinged
ilting disk
ift Type
iston Type
all type
ual Plate Type
top Check Valve
heck valves (Non-return valve) are used in a piping system to prevent backflow. The discharge line of rotary equipment such as
ump and compressor always fitted with a check valve to prevent backflow.
 Butterfly valve is a quarter-turn rotary motion valve, that is used to stop, regulate, and start the flow. Butterfly valves are a quick
pen type. A 90° rotation of the handle can completely close or open the valve. Normally, they are used in systems where a positive
hut-off is not required. In this article, you will learn about following types of Valve.
Wafer Type
Lug Style Type
Flanged Type
Butt Welded Ends Types
Zero offset
Double Offset
Triple Offset
arge Butterfly valves are usually equipped with gearbox type actuator, where the handwheel is connected to the stem via a gearbox.
his will reduce the force but at the same time reduce the speed of the operation. This type of valve should be installed in the open
osition. If the valve is closed during installation, the rubber seat will wedge against the valve disc and make it difficult to open.
pplications
A Butterfly valve is used in many different fluid services and they perform well in slurry applications also. They can be used in
quids, steam, cryogenics, cooling water, air, gasses, firefighting & Vacuum services.
Butterfly Valve is used in all type of industries application even in High-pressure and temperature services.
dvantages
Butterfly Valve is suitable for large valve applications due to Compact, lightweight design that requires considerably less space, as
ompared to other valves
Due to a quick operation, it needs less time to open or close
The maintenance costs are usually low compared to other valve types
A pressure drop across a butterfly valve is small
Valve with Non-metallic seating can be used in chemical or corrosive media.
isadvantages
Throttling is limited to low differential pressure services and that too with a 30- to 80-degree disc opening.
There is a chance for cavitation and choke as the disk is always in the flow Turbulence flow can affect the disc movement.
les a plug valve in
part of the ball stop

cations.

equirements.

causing wear,
dicular to flow to start

rt or stop fluid flow. In

ally no resistance to

ats.

and all most any

of hammering.

e removed entirely
c moves

sed. This

, you can use a gate

e
rather than threaded
d flow. It uses a
any valve design.

convey solid material

w from the valve is

The disk is in plug

ion, the solid part of

ewage applications.
 ressurized system.
inside the system.

to the increase in inlet

e at which valve act,

ef valves are

valves are used

lift, full-lift, and full-

-return valve or NRV.

ve.
pending on the

quipment such as
valves are a quick
ems where a positive

he stem via a gearbox.

nstalled in the open
difficult to open.

can be used in

erably less space, as

c movement.
 Classification of Valves
Size

Small Size lower than 2.5 "

Note that the size of the valve don’t equal
the actual bore it have
Large Size more than 2.5 "

Pressure & Temprture rating

Class numbers similar to the Falnges & it's given accroding to ASME B16.34 chart

Most Common classes we use:

150 300 600

Mechincal Motion
Based On Funcation
Isolation Regualtion Relief No Return

Gate Valve Gate Valve Vacuum Relief Check Valve

Ball Valve Ball Valve Pressure Relif

Plug Valve Plug Valve

Pistion Valve Pistion Valve

Butterfly Valve Butterfly Valve

Pinch Valve Pinch Valve

Min Bore for full open Valves

N.Valve sizes

Gate Valve
Ball Valve
Check Valve
Plug Valve