Array - One Dimensional Array

A one dimensional array is a

list of related variables have
the same data type and the
same name .
 Represented as a group of
consecutive memory locations .
 To refer to a particular location
or element in the array, we
specify the name of the array
and the position number of the
particular element in the array.
 Defining Arrays
2

 When defining arrays, specify :

1. Array Name .
2. Type of array .
3. size of the arrays .
 Defining Arrays
3

 The general form :

Type array_Name [ size ];

 Type declares the base type of the array that

determines the data type of each element in the
array .
 Size defines how many elements the array will
hold. The Size must be an integer constant greater
than zero.
 Defining Arrays - Examples-
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 int A[10];
• An array of ten integers .

 Char str[20];
• An array of twenty characters .

 int a[ 100 ], b[ 27 ] ;
• Defining multiple arrays of same type .
 Defining Arrays - Examples-
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 The Size must be an integer constant greater than

zero.
 Defining and Initializing an Array
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 Define an array temperature of 5 elements contains

float numbers , array size 5 :

double temperature [5];

 Initialize it with these numbers :

12.3 , 7.5 , 65 , 72.1, 87.5 .

double temperature [5] = {12.3 , 7.5 , 65 , 72.1, 87.5 } ;

 Defining and Initializing an Array
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 double temperature [5] = {12.3 , 7.5 , 65 , 72.1, 87.5 };

temperature [0] 12.3

temperature [1] 7.5

temperature [2] 65.0 Elements

temperature [3] 72.1

temperature [ 4 ] 87.5

Index
 Initializing Arrays
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 int N[ ] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
 If size omitted, the size is determined from the 5 initializers .
 int N[5] = { 0 } ;
 int B[20] = {2, 4, 8, 16, 32};
 Unspecified elements are guaranteed to be zero .
 If not enough initializers, rightmost elements become 0 .
 int C[4] = {2, 4, 8, 16, 32};
 Error — compiler detects too many initial values .
 C++ arrays have no bounds checking .
 int D[5] = {2*n, 4*n, 8*n, 16*n, 32*n};
 Automatically only ; array initialized to expressions .
 Accessing Array Elements
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 An individual element within array is accessed by use

of a subscript (index) that describes the position of an
element in the array , it must be an integer or integer
expression .
 Array named c of size n:
 c[0],c[1],...,c[ n–1 ]
 int A[10];
A[0], A[1], …, A[9]

 In C++ , all array have zero as the index of first

element .
 Get values into array elements
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1. Initialize arrays with the variable declaration .

double temperature [ 5 ] = { 12.3 , 7.5 , 65 , 72.1 , 87.5 } ;

2. Use Assignment statements .

3. Read input values into the array from the

keyboard.
 Accessing Array Elements
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 Array elements are like normal variables :

temperature [3] = 12.7 ;

cin >> temperature [3] ;

or
N = 3;
temperature [N] = 12.7;

 temperature [5-2] == temperature [3] == temperature [N]

 Assigning Values
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 You cannot assign one array to another :

int a[10] , b[10] ;
a=b ; //error … illegal
 Instead, we must assign each value individually .

 We can use them as values in assignment statements:

char str[ ] =“Hello amal”;
str[6] = ‘A’;
 Examples
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 For example, if we assume that variable a is equal

to 5 and that variable b is equal to 6, then the
following statement adds 2 to array element c[11].

 To print the sum of the values contained in the first

three elements of array c, we’d write

 To divide the value of c[6] by 2 and assign the

result to the variable x, we would write
 Manipulating Arrays
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 For loops are used to:

 Initializingarray elements .
 Reading elements .

 Printing elements .

 Performing operations :
 Sum elements .
 Find largest/ smallest element .
 Search for an element .
 Sort elements .
 Manipulating Arrays
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Initializing Array Elements :

 To access all elements of an array a for loop is

used. It will start from index 0 to the last element in
the array which has an index of array size-1.

 Define and initialize array a of size 10 with zeros

int a[10],index;
for(index =0; index <= 9; index++)
a[index] = 0;
 Manipulating Arrays
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 Reading Elements :

for (index =0; index <= size-1; index++ )

{
cout << “Enter value : ”;
cin >> a[index];
}
 Printing Elements :

for (index =0; index <= size-1; index++)

cout << a[index];

 Sum Array elements Elements :

for (sum = 0, j=0; j < size; j++)

sum += a[j];
 Examples
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 All of the following are valid:

• score[0] = 4 ;
• score[0] += 7 ;
• score[0] = x + y ;
• x = y – score[0] ;
• score[2] = score[1] + 5 * score[0] ;
• score[ j ] = score[ j + 1] ;

 Note: index can be any integral expression.

 Example –sum of elements
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1 /* Fig. 6.4: fig06_04.c
2 Initializing an array with an initializer list */
3 #include <iostream >
4 using namespace std;
5 /* function main begins program execution */
6 int main()
7 {
8 /* use initializer list to initialize array n */
9 int n[ 10 ] = { 32, 27, 64, 18, 95, 14, 90, 70, 60, 37 };
10 int i; /* counter */
11
12 cout<< "Element Value"<< end1
Element Value
13 0 32
14 /* output contents of array in tabular format */ 1 27
15 for ( i = 0; i < 10; i++ ) { 2 64
16 cout<< i<< "\t"<< n[ i ]<< endl ; 3 18
17 } /* end for */ 4 95
18 5 14
19 return 0; /* indicates successful termination */ 6 90
20 7 70
8 60
21 } /* end main */
19 9 37
1 /* Fig. 6.3: fig06_03.c
2 initializing an array */
3 #include <iostream >
4 using namespace std;
5 /* function main begins program execution */
6 int main()
7 {
8 int n[ 10 ]; /* n is an array of 10 integers */
9 int i; /* counter */
10
11 /* initialize elements of array n to 0 */
12 for ( i = 0; i < 10; i++ ) {
13 n[ i ] = 0; /* set element at location i to 0 */
14 } /* end for */ Element Value
15 0 0
16 cout<<"Element Value" << end1 ; 1 0
17 2 0
18 /* output contents of array n in tabular format */ 3 0
19 for ( i = 0; i < 10; i++ ) { 4 0
20 cout<< i<<"\t"<<n[ i ]<<endl ; 5 0
21 } /* end for */ 6 0
22 7 0
23 return 0; /* indicates successful termination */ 8 0
24 9 0
2520} /* end main */
1 /* Fig. 6.5: fig06_05.c
2 Initialize the elements of array s to the even integers from 2 to 20
*/
3 #include <iostream >
4 #define SIZE 10 /* maximum size of array */
5
6 /* function main begins program execution */
7 int main( void )
8 {
9 /* symbolic constant SIZE can be used to specify array size */
10 int s[ SIZE ]; /* array s has SIZE elements */
11 int j; /* counter */
12
13 for ( j = 0; j < SIZE; j++ ) { /* set the values */
14 s[ j ] = 2 + 2 * j;
15 } /* end for */
16
17 cout <<"Element Value" << end1 ;
18
19 /* output contents of array s in tabular format */
20 for ( j = 0; j < SIZE; j++ ) {
20 cout<< i<<"\t"<<n[ i ]<<endl ;
22 } /* end for */
23
24
21 return 0; /* indicates successful termination */
25