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Dcmt Unit-i r23 Class Notes

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41 views

Dcmt Unit-i r23 Class Notes

Uploaded by

Pullaiah giddaluru
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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B.Tech.

- EEE JNTUA R23 Regulations

II Year B.Tech. EEE – I Semester


L T P C
3 0 0 3

(23A02303T) DC MACHINES & TRANSFORMERS


Course Outcomes:
CO Statements Blooms
Level
CO1 Understand the process of voltage build-up in DC generators and characteristics. L2
CO2 Understand the process of torque production, starting and speed control of DC L2
motors and illustrate their characteristics.
CO3 Obtain the equivalent circuit of single-phase transformer, auto transformer and L3
determine its efficiency & regulation.
CO4 Apply various testing methods for transformers and speed control of DC motors L3
CO5 Analyze various configurations of three-phase transformers. L4

UNIT I
DC Generators:
Construction and principle of operation of DC machines – EMF equation for generator –
Excitation techniques– characteristics of DC generators –applications of DC Generators,
Back-emf and torque equations of DC motor – Armature reaction and commutation,
Applications.

UNIT II
Starting, Speed Control and Testing of DC Machines:
Characteristicsof DC motors – losses andefficiency – applications of DC motors. Necessity of
a starter – starting by 3-point and 4-point starters – speed control by armature voltage and
field current control – testing of DC machines – brake test, Swinburne’s test –Hopkinson’s
test–Field Test.

UNIT III
Single-phase Transformers:
Introduction to single-phase Transformers (Construction and principle of operation)–emf
equation – operation on no-load and on load –lagging, leading and unity power factors loads
–phasor diagrams– equivalent circuit –regulation – losses and efficiency – effect of variation
of frequency and supply voltage on losses – all day efficiency, Applications.

UNIT IV
Testing of Transformers:
Open Circuit and Short Circuit tests – Sumpner’s test – separation of losses–– Parallel
operation with equal and unequal voltage ratios– auto transformer – equivalent circuit –
comparison with two winding transformers.

UNIT V
Three-Phase Transformers:
Polyphase connections- Y/Y, Y/Δ, Δ/Y, Δ/Δ, open Δ and Vector groups – third harmonics in
phase voltages– Parallel operation–three winding transformers- transients in switching –off
load and on load tap changers–Scott connection.
Types of DC Armature Windings:-

1. Lap Winding

Lap winding is used for low-voltage, high-current machines. In this type of winding, the end
of one coil is connected to the start of the next coil situated under the same pole.

2. Wave Winding

Wave winding is used for high-voltage, low-current machines. In this type of winding, the
end of one coil is connected to the start of another coil, but the connection is made to a coil
under the next pole.

Key Differences between Lap and Wave Winding

Feature Lap Winding Wave Winding


Voltage and Current Low voltage, high current High voltage, low current
Number of Parallel
Equal to the number of poles (P) Typically two
Paths
Coils connected to adjacent Coils connected under next
Connection
segments poles
Efficiency Lower than wave winding Higher efficiency
Applications Low-voltage applications High-voltage applications

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