Republic of the Philippines

MARINDUQUE STATE COLLEGE

INTEGRATED HIGH SCHOOL
Tanza, Boac, Marinduque

Comparative Study on the Perception of the Senior High School Students in

Marinduque State College-Integrated High School (MSC-IHS) towards Online

Selling and In-Person Selling

A Quantitative Research

presented to the Faculty of Integrated High School

MARINDUQUE STATE COLLEGE

Tanza, Boac Marinduque

in partial fulfillment of the requirements in

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

Honorica, Ann Zhennet R.

Mabini, Ella Mae

Minga, Ma. Divina M.

Par, Lois Jose P.

Paral, Erika Jane C.

Researchers

October 2023

Vision: An advanced and adaptive university pursuing quality education, lifelong, gender-sensitive learning environment, responsive
research-based community programs, and transparent governance with sustainable resource generation by 2025.
Mission: To provide excellence in instruction, research, extension and production that magnifies W.I.S.D.O.M. in leadership through a
total quality management system responsive to the challenges of 21st century education.
Educating People, Enriching Lives and Expanding Opportunities with WISDOM!
 Republic of the Philippines
MARINDUQUE STATE COLLEGE
INTEGRATED HIGH SCHOOL
Tanza, Boac, Marinduque

CHAPTER I

The Problem and its Background

This chapter includes the introductions,objective and the study,conceptual

framework,significance of the study,scope and limitations and the definition and terms

used in the study.

Introduction

In an era where technological advancement and evolving consumers behavior

matters in the business world, the buying and selling practices have undergone a

profound transformation that is constantly evolving of commerce. In-Person Selling

defined as the direct interactions of the actual goods is once the avenues for costumer's

needs and businesses as well, now co- exist with the swiftly increasing technological

advancement of online selling. As it offers convenience, scalability, and accessibility.

Understanding how consumers, in especially the young, tech-savvy students, perceive

and interact with these divergent commerce ideologies is becoming more and more

substantial. Due to the advancement of e-commerce, it enables individuals to shop their

wants and needs in worldwide marketplace. On the other hand, In-Person Selling remains

its glory, customized products and services and fostering costumer's trust and credibility.

This dichotomy establishes an intriguing conundrum for students, who make up a

significant percentage of the consumer demographics, as they are both the benefactors of

the changing retail environment and the pioneers of its future developments.

According to the Statistical Report on E-Commerce Development in Indonesia

issued by the Indonesia E-Commerce Report in April 2017, there were 132 million

Vision: An advanced and adaptive university pursuing quality education, lifelong, gender-sensitive learning environment, responsive
research-based community programs, and transparent governance with sustainable resource generation by 2025.
Mission: To provide excellence in instruction, research, extension and production that magnifies W.I.S.D.O.M. in leadership through a
total quality management system responsive to the challenges of 21st century education.
Educating People, Enriching Lives and Expanding Opportunities with WISDOM!
 Republic of the Philippines
MARINDUQUE STATE COLLEGE
INTEGRATED HIGH SCHOOL
Tanza, Boac, Marinduque

Internet users in Indonesia in 2017 with a 10.5% popularity rate. According to the report,

roughly half of Indonesia's internet users access the web through cellphones.

According to the Digital 2020 April Statshot report by Hootsuite and We Are

Social, 64% of internet users in the Philippines are spending more time on social media,

with 23% saying they are doing more online shopping. Due to pandemic constraints,

people are turning more and more to internet buying, and business owners have

welcomed this digital trend even more. With predicted increases in sales income in the

millions of pesos, e-commerce companies like Lazada and Shopee are leading these

online shopping platforms. Online business transactions have already been converted by

technology into an infinite marketplace where doing business has become more practical

and effective for both sellers and vendees. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the

clear need for this industry.

Since Marinduque is one of the provinces in the Philippines affected by the

COVID-19 pandemic, many physical stores are mandated to closed. It drove up the

online shopping as their marketing strategy to continue their business.

This study will explore the problem in terms of expectation of the consumer

which plays a vital role in purchasing product and services offered by the different

businesses using these two strategies.

Researcher will conduct this study to assess the perception of the senior high

school student of Marinduque State College-Integrated High School (MSC-IHS) about

the online and in-person selling by this serve as a reference of those business in this

marketing strategy.

Vision: An advanced and adaptive university pursuing quality education, lifelong, gender-sensitive learning environment, responsive
research-based community programs, and transparent governance with sustainable resource generation by 2025.
Mission: To provide excellence in instruction, research, extension and production that magnifies W.I.S.D.O.M. in leadership through a
total quality management system responsive to the challenges of 21st century education.
Educating People, Enriching Lives and Expanding Opportunities with WISDOM!
 Republic of the Philippines
MARINDUQUE STATE COLLEGE
INTEGRATED HIGH SCHOOL
Tanza, Boac, Marinduque

Objective of the Study

At the end of the study “Comparative study on the Perception of the Senior High

School Students in Marinduque State College Integrated High School (MSC-IHS)

towards Online Selling and In-Person Selling” The researchers want to find out the level

of the perception of the Senior High School Students in Marinduque State College

Integrated High School towards Online Selling and Person Selling. To determine what

criteria, lead students to purchase through personal selling and online selling. To

determine students’ expectations from perceptions on the service quality of online selling.

To identify the students’ satisfaction towards service online selling and personal selling.

Conceptual Framework

Input: Process: Output:

1. Demographic  Comparative
profile of the -Data gathering Study on the
respondents. through printed survey Perception of
questionnaires the Senior
2. Students perception High School
on online selling and -Analysis of data students in
personal selling in survey Marinduque
terms of: State College-
•marketing strategies -Documentation data Integrated
used that leads student collection of students High School
to purchase (MSC-IHS)
towards Online
•students expectations Selling and In-
from perceptions on its Person Selling
service quality

•students satisfactions
towards service quality

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework

Vision: An advanced and adaptive university pursuing quality education, lifelong, gender-sensitive learning environment, responsive
research-based community programs, and transparent governance with sustainable resource generation by 2025.
Mission: To provide excellence in instruction, research, extension and production that magnifies W.I.S.D.O.M. in leadership through a
total quality management system responsive to the challenges of 21st century education.
Educating People, Enriching Lives and Expanding Opportunities with WISDOM!
 Republic of the Philippines
MARINDUQUE STATE COLLEGE
INTEGRATED HIGH SCHOOL
Tanza, Boac, Marinduque

This figure shows the pattern of how the researchers will gather the data that is

needed in this study. This pattern will serve as guide to determine and analyze the

perception of the respondents.

Significance of the Study

The findings of this study benefit the business owner as it will help both online

business and physical store business on the feasibility of their business. It can serve as a

baseline on the performance of their sales and improves their strategic marketing to

improve their sales on their targeted consumer. For the Senior High School Students, it

will be able to generate criteria’ in purchasing items from online shops or physical shops.

Lastly, for the future researchers this study can be used as a reference by future

researchers to have a better outlook on the gaps of the study.

Scope and Limitations

This study will be only limited to the Senior High School students of Marinduque

State College-Integrated High School (MSC-IHS) to know the level of perception of the

students towards online selling and in-person selling. This study will be conducted in

Marinduque State College Integrated High School (MSC-IHS) at Tanza, Boac

Marinduque. The researchers will conduct this study with the use of questionnaire and

will be distributed to all respondents.

Vision: An advanced and adaptive university pursuing quality education, lifelong, gender-sensitive learning environment, responsive
research-based community programs, and transparent governance with sustainable resource generation by 2025.
Mission: To provide excellence in instruction, research, extension and production that magnifies W.I.S.D.O.M. in leadership through a
total quality management system responsive to the challenges of 21st century education.
Educating People, Enriching Lives and Expanding Opportunities with WISDOM!
 Republic of the Philippines
MARINDUQUE STATE COLLEGE
INTEGRATED HIGH SCHOOL
Tanza, Boac, Marinduque

Definition of Terms

Comparative. The form of an adjective or adverb that expresses a difference in amount,

number, degree, or quality.

Customer. Customer is an individual or business that purchases another company's

goods or services. Customers are important because they drive revenues. Without them,

businesses can neither survive nor thrive.

Dichotomy. Is a contrast between two things. When there are two ideas, especially two

opposed ideas like war and peace, or love and hate you have a dichotomy.

E-commerce. (Electronic commerce) is the buying and selling of goods and services, or

the transmitting of funds or data, over an electronic network, primarily the internet.

Ideology. Is a set of opinions or beliefs of a group or an individual. Very often ideology

refers to a set of political beliefs or a set of ideas that characterize a particular culture.

Online selling. The process of conducting business transactions over the internet, where

goods or services are bought and sold using online platforms, websites, or applications.

Personal selling. One of the main functions of marketing is selling, so a marketer’s job is

to get people to know about the product, ensure its value, and, as a result, induce them to

purchase.

Perception. A belief or opinion, often held by many people and based on how things

seem.

Scalability. Is the measure of a system’s ability to increase or decrease in performance

and cost in response to changes in application and system processing demands.

Vision: An advanced and adaptive university pursuing quality education, lifelong, gender-sensitive learning environment, responsive
research-based community programs, and transparent governance with sustainable resource generation by 2025.
Mission: To provide excellence in instruction, research, extension and production that magnifies W.I.S.D.O.M. in leadership through a
total quality management system responsive to the challenges of 21st century education.
Educating People, Enriching Lives and Expanding Opportunities with WISDOM!
 Republic of the Philippines
MARINDUQUE STATE COLLEGE
INTEGRATED HIGH SCHOOL
Tanza, Boac, Marinduque

CHAPTER I I

Review of Related Literature and Studies

This chapter presents the related literature and related studies about the

Comparative and Perception towards Online Selling and In-Person Selling.

Perception towards Online Selling

The majority of the young population, aged 20 to 25, prefers to do their shopping

online. This is undoubtedly from the findings of Shanthi and Kannaiah (2015), who

concluded that the price of items is the most influential factor in their purchase. The

safety and security of the products is the second most influencing factor on online

purchases, followed by delivery time, and the next most influencing factor is the

company's reputation, privacy of the information, and a great description of the goods. It

focuses on ease internet navigation and access, with people preferring easy access to

online purchasing and convenience. Understanding young internet users allows e-

commerce sites to establish relevant marketing strategies.

In addition, Buying goods online is growing more popular in nowadays.

According to the study of Vaghela (2014), the majority of customers had prior encounters

with online shopping. Customers believe that online shopping is a better option than in-

person shopping, but they also believe that it is more expensive and takes longer to

deliver the products and service. The majority of customers are experiencing issues such

as product returns, unclear websites, and insufficient customer support.

Vision: An advanced and adaptive university pursuing quality education, lifelong, gender-sensitive learning environment, responsive
research-based community programs, and transparent governance with sustainable resource generation by 2025.
Mission: To provide excellence in instruction, research, extension and production that magnifies W.I.S.D.O.M. in leadership through a
total quality management system responsive to the challenges of 21st century education.
Educating People, Enriching Lives and Expanding Opportunities with WISDOM!
 Republic of the Philippines
MARINDUQUE STATE COLLEGE
INTEGRATED HIGH SCHOOL
Tanza, Boac, Marinduque

According to clients, the most concerning problems to online purchasing is the

inability to personally verify the product, as well as online payment security.

Perception toward In-Person Selling

According to the article that shared by Kotresh (2013), "Personal selling is a part

of promotional- mix and it is an art of person-to-person communication for persuading

prospects or consumers in the sales process" In 2013, Personal selling is defined as

traditional form of sales in which involves face to face transaction. As part of this form of

selling, the retailer requires an ability and skills in order to achieve the demand and

expectations of the consumers. They could easily and clearly express the availability of

the product. This would help them to build a good relationship towards their customers.

There are several steps for In person selling, these are Prospecting, Pre-approach,

Approach, Presentation, Overcoming objections, and Closing. Through these steps,

sellers can effectively identify the needs and preferences of the customers, as well as to

gain a high chance of sales. In person selling is become already part of everyday life.

People used to interact when purchasing product. At some point, this is their way of

assuring that the product they purchased is exact and accurate based on their need and

preferences. Moreover, customers has a capacity to respond and to give feedback

immediately for their concerns and conditions regarding with the product.

Factors that lead to purchase in Online Selling

According to Darlin and Kritcham (2020), online influencers cues into a live-

streaming strategy produced a more authentic viewing experience, resulting in online buy

Vision: An advanced and adaptive university pursuing quality education, lifelong, gender-sensitive learning environment, responsive
research-based community programs, and transparent governance with sustainable resource generation by 2025.
Mission: To provide excellence in instruction, research, extension and production that magnifies W.I.S.D.O.M. in leadership through a
total quality management system responsive to the challenges of 21st century education.
Educating People, Enriching Lives and Expanding Opportunities with WISDOM!
 Republic of the Philippines
MARINDUQUE STATE COLLEGE
INTEGRATED HIGH SCHOOL
Tanza, Boac, Marinduque

intention even in the absence of prior live-streaming online purchase experience. In line

with Ma (2021), who claimed that because influencers were regarded as more reliable

information sources and were less influenced by brands, they had a greater influence on

consumer behavior than traditional endorsers. Similar findings were made by Fan et al.

(2017) and Cambra-Fierro et al. (2021), who discovered that celebrities and influencers

with interactive functions (real-time reaction activities) were important predictors of

online purchase intention

In the study of Santosa et a. (2020), hedonic motivation turned out not to be play

mg a very vital role, however, it was weakly correlated. It affects the online buying

behaviour, but the extent of this is not very high. Also, the trust factors tends to be

connected with consumers online buying behaviour. As suggested by the previous studies

(Singh et al 2019 Martinee- Lopez et al 2015 and Azam 2015) there are various trust

factors that can lead towards online buying behaviour A few of them are perceived value

of the product personality traits of the consumer, peer pressure, and many more In our

study, we found that the perceived value in the most influential among all of the other

trust factors. Finally, website quality and design is a factor that a lot of online businesses

leave out but little do they know it plays a crucial and significant role in developing the

online buying behaviour in their customers (Tsao et al. 2016 Akram et al, 2018 Panday et

al. 2016; Ahmad et al. 2017)

Factors that lead to purchase in In-Person Selling

According to the study of Muñoz (2018),A customer is surrounded by four key

factors when considering any purchase: the product, the price, the promotion and the

Vision: An advanced and adaptive university pursuing quality education, lifelong, gender-sensitive learning environment, responsive
research-based community programs, and transparent governance with sustainable resource generation by 2025.
Mission: To provide excellence in instruction, research, extension and production that magnifies W.I.S.D.O.M. in leadership through a
total quality management system responsive to the challenges of 21st century education.
Educating People, Enriching Lives and Expanding Opportunities with WISDOM!
 Republic of the Philippines
MARINDUQUE STATE COLLEGE
INTEGRATED HIGH SCHOOL
Tanza, Boac, Marinduque

sales channel. Shopping in a physical store isn’t the same experience as shopping online,

neither shopping in a website or a mobile app. There are certain elements in e-commerce

that can determine why a user abandons or buys something.image products can help

business to improve the sales of the business. It can help the customer to decide what

product they will bought. Adding a product to the shopping cart and finding unexpected

costs is the worst surprise that a customer can get.The generalized opinion about a type of

product or brand in a social group is another factor that influence consumer purchasing

decisions. The individual psychology plays a very important role when it comes to

deciding a purchase. This is the most difficult factor to measure and anticipate, since each

person is unique. At last it is great decision to buy something in person,you can see if the

product is in good condition or not. Customers must known the right decision in buying

something.

Expectations toward Online Selling

According to Tugba (2020) The advancements in internet technologies and their

associated applications have revolutionized the way consumers and firms interact. In

order to gain a larger market share online, organizations are increasingly investing in

customer-oriented online resource technologies (Al-Qeisi et al., 2014: 2282).

Performance expectations are closely linked to the concept of using technology to benefit

the consumer and lead to performance gains. Previous studies have shown that

performance expectancy is the strongest determinant of behavioral intention to use

mobile applications. Therefore, if consumers perceive innovations and value in social

networking applications, they are more likely to continue using and purchasing them.

Vision: An advanced and adaptive university pursuing quality education, lifelong, gender-sensitive learning environment, responsive
research-based community programs, and transparent governance with sustainable resource generation by 2025.
Mission: To provide excellence in instruction, research, extension and production that magnifies W.I.S.D.O.M. in leadership through a
total quality management system responsive to the challenges of 21st century education.
Educating People, Enriching Lives and Expanding Opportunities with WISDOM!
 Republic of the Philippines
MARINDUQUE STATE COLLEGE
INTEGRATED HIGH SCHOOL
Tanza, Boac, Marinduque

Before using these applications, consumers evaluate their performance expectations

based on information exchange and communication messages. Different social

networking applications are perceived to have different benefits by consumers. For

instance, social networking applications should provide useful functions such as

information sharing, joining special interest groups, and making connections (Chua et al.,

2018: 121). Performance expectations refer to individuals' understanding of the benefits

they will receive from technological innovations. When individuals are able to effectively

utilize a technology that aligns with their goals, they perceive it to have better

performance outputs. However, in order for individuals to have performance expectations,

they need to be informed about how these innovations will benefit them. The extent to

which a consumer believes that a technological innovation will help them achieve their

goals is a crucial component of performance expectations (Ratten, 2015: 86-87).

Satisfaction of customers towards Online Selling and In-Person Selling

In the study of Nahil et al. (2021)The word "satisfying" is used to describe the

product quality, prices, and returns of products when purchasing online. The verbal

interpretation of the remaining sub-variables, however, was "highly satisfying," which

highlights the advantages of online shopping for consumers in terms of convenience,

variety of products offered through different channels, and the various offers and

discounts they provide. Additionally, traditional retail prices and discounts were verbally

interpreted as "satisfactory," while product quality, convenience, variety, and product

returns were rated as "highly satisfying," indicating that both modes of retail successfully

met consumer demand.

Vision: An advanced and adaptive university pursuing quality education, lifelong, gender-sensitive learning environment, responsive
research-based community programs, and transparent governance with sustainable resource generation by 2025.
Mission: To provide excellence in instruction, research, extension and production that magnifies W.I.S.D.O.M. in leadership through a
total quality management system responsive to the challenges of 21st century education.
Educating People, Enriching Lives and Expanding Opportunities with WISDOM!
 Republic of the Philippines
MARINDUQUE STATE COLLEGE
INTEGRATED HIGH SCHOOL
Tanza, Boac, Marinduque

According to Swapna (2023) Many online retailers are open 24/7 since a big

number of customers have access to the internet from both their places of employment

and homes. Therefore, it is very convenient for them to shop online. The fact that there is

no need to wait in line or browse a store for a particular item makes online buying

extremely tempting during the Christmas season. Online shops allow customers to

purchase a wide range of things. The epidemic has a significant impact on consumers'

purchase decisions. The researcher therefore intends to look at consumer preferences as

well as the variables affecting traditional and online buying trends throughout the

epidemic.

Comparative study on perception of the customers towards Online Selling and

In-Person Sellling

According to the findings regarding a study conducted by Sameeha and Milhana

(2022), online shopping is more convenient than in-person shopping. Although there is a

risk of internet frauds and security difficulties when shopping online, in-person selling is

safer. According to the study, In-Person Selling should make shopping more convenient

for customers through offering item accessibility, pricing goods on their own websites, or

offering any other ways of comparing costs of goods in other stores. At the same time,

online shopping should offer return options to guarantee security. To improve the

convenience of online shopping, such as paying after receiving goods.

Vision: An advanced and adaptive university pursuing quality education, lifelong, gender-sensitive learning environment, responsive
research-based community programs, and transparent governance with sustainable resource generation by 2025.
Mission: To provide excellence in instruction, research, extension and production that magnifies W.I.S.D.O.M. in leadership through a
total quality management system responsive to the challenges of 21st century education.
Educating People, Enriching Lives and Expanding Opportunities with WISDOM!
 Republic of the Philippines
MARINDUQUE STATE COLLEGE
INTEGRATED HIGH SCHOOL
Tanza, Boac, Marinduque

Literature Synthesis

In the dynamic world of retail, along with the rapid advancement of e-commerce

and physical stores understanding what are the criteria that led the consumers to purchase

goods in the two marketing strategy are crucial for both businesses and researchers. The

review of related literature and studies adds to the validity and correctness of our inquiry.

It assists researchers in identifying research gaps and developing research questions

accordingly, as well as improving comprehension of information presently available

concerning our study. As it sheds light on customer decision-making and provides vital

data for organizations attempting to optimize their sales strategies in an increasingly

competitive business world. We envision that this synthesis will lead to a better

understanding of customer behavior in the contexts of online and in-person selling,

ultimately informing more effective marketing and sales strategies in the future.

Vision: An advanced and adaptive university pursuing quality education, lifelong, gender-sensitive learning environment, responsive
research-based community programs, and transparent governance with sustainable resource generation by 2025.
Mission: To provide excellence in instruction, research, extension and production that magnifies W.I.S.D.O.M. in leadership through a
total quality management system responsive to the challenges of 21st century education.
Educating People, Enriching Lives and Expanding Opportunities with WISDOM!
 Republic of the Philippines
MARINDUQUE STATE COLLEGE
INTEGRATED HIGH SCHOOL
Tanza, Boac, Marinduque

CHAPTER III

Research Methodology

This chapter presents the methods used in conducting the study including the

research design, research locale, research population and sample, data gathering

procedure, data analysis and statistical treatment of data.

Research Design

The design of this study is quantitative research and the method that the

researchers will use is descriptive method for statistical analyzation regarding to the

perception of the respondents towards the in person selling and online selling. The results

of the survey will be simply examine by the researchers.

Research Locale

The Target area of the study is the main campus of Marinduque State College

which is located in Tanza Boac, Marinduque.

Figure 2. Map of Marinduque Figure 3.Marinduque State College

Vision: An advanced and adaptive university pursuing quality education, lifelong, gender-sensitive learning environment, responsive
research-based community programs, and transparent governance with sustainable resource generation by 2025.
Mission: To provide excellence in instruction, research, extension and production that magnifies W.I.S.D.O.M. in leadership through a
total quality management system responsive to the challenges of 21st century education.
Educating People, Enriching Lives and Expanding Opportunities with WISDOM!
 Republic of the Philippines
MARINDUQUE STATE COLLEGE
INTEGRATED HIGH SCHOOL
Tanza, Boac, Marinduque

Research Population and Sample

The populations of this study is the Senior High School Students of the

Marinduque State College-Integrated High School (MSC-IHS). With the use of simple

random sampling the researcher are able to figure out what and where are the people who

are appropriate for the gathering data. This method is selected by the researchers because

it enables them to obtain a sample population that best represents the entire population

being studied, making sure that each subgroup of interest is represented. Sampling size

and method there are eleven (11) sections of Senior high school in MSC-IHS

at present with total strength of 466 from eleven sections. A sample of 330 students have

been chosen through random sampling method.

Data Gathering Procedure

Phase Duration Activities

Phase 1 1 day 1dentifying the topic of the research and its title

Phase 2 1 week The introduction to the research was made

Phase 3 1 week The related literature and studies was gathered

Phase 4 1 week The researcher methodology was determined by the

researchers

Vision: An advanced and adaptive university pursuing quality education, lifelong, gender-sensitive learning environment, responsive
research-based community programs, and transparent governance with sustainable resource generation by 2025.
Mission: To provide excellence in instruction, research, extension and production that magnifies W.I.S.D.O.M. in leadership through a
total quality management system responsive to the challenges of 21st century education.
Educating People, Enriching Lives and Expanding Opportunities with WISDOM!
 Republic of the Philippines
MARINDUQUE STATE COLLEGE
INTEGRATED HIGH SCHOOL
Tanza, Boac, Marinduque

Data Analysis

In the study, the descriptive statistics will be used in order to summaries the

sample and measures the data set of perception of the senior high school students towards

online selling and in-person selling. The researchers organized and summaries the study

on the perception of the senior high school students in Marinduque State College-

Integrated High School (MSC-IHS) towards online selling and in-person selling

Additionally, Pritha (2022) A data set's characteristics are organized and summarized via

descriptive statistics. A data set is a compilation of observations or responses from a

sample of a population or the complete population.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The followings are the statistical methods that researchers used throughout the

study:

1. Frequency and Percentage Distribution

The researchers will present the respondents' demographic profile using frequency and

percentage distribution.

Formula:

2. Weighted Mean
When evaluating the respondents' performance on the performance measures, the

respondents' central tendencies were measured using the weighted mean.

Vision: An advanced and adaptive university pursuing quality education, lifelong, gender-sensitive learning environment, responsive
research-based community programs, and transparent governance with sustainable resource generation by 2025.
Mission: To provide excellence in instruction, research, extension and production that magnifies W.I.S.D.O.M. in leadership through a
total quality management system responsive to the challenges of 21st century education.
Educating People, Enriching Lives and Expanding Opportunities with WISDOM!
 Republic of the Philippines
MARINDUQUE STATE COLLEGE
INTEGRATED HIGH SCHOOL
Tanza, Boac, Marinduque

Formula:

3. T-test

A t-test is a statistical analysis that examines the means of two populations.

Formula:

Where:
x̄1 = Mean of Sample 1
x̄2 = Mean of Sample 2
n₁ = Number of Subject in Sample
n₂ = Number of Subject in Sample
s₁² = Variance of Sample 1
s₂² = Variance of Sample 2

Vision: An advanced and adaptive university pursuing quality education, lifelong, gender-sensitive learning environment, responsive
research-based community programs, and transparent governance with sustainable resource generation by 2025.
Mission: To provide excellence in instruction, research, extension and production that magnifies W.I.S.D.O.M. in leadership through a
total quality management system responsive to the challenges of 21st century education.
Educating People, Enriching Lives and Expanding Opportunities with WISDOM!
 Republic of the Philippines
MARINDUQUE STATE COLLEGE
INTEGRATED HIGH SCHOOL
Tanza, Boac, Marinduque

Vision: An advanced and adaptive university pursuing quality education, lifelong, gender-sensitive learning environment, responsive
research-based community programs, and transparent governance with sustainable resource generation by 2025.
Mission: To provide excellence in instruction, research, extension and production that magnifies W.I.S.D.O.M. in leadership through a
total quality management system responsive to the challenges of 21st century education.
Educating People, Enriching Lives and Expanding Opportunities with WISDOM!