CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET

Dawed O..

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Contents

Introduction

Designing a good website

Types of web page

Static vs. Dynamic

Web page design tools

Client Side Scripting

Server Side Scripting

Introduction
Internet
 coined from two terms, Interconnection and
Network

 huge network of computers

 It is a network of networks

 a group of computers that are connected

together for sharing information and
resources.
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Who Owns the Internet

 No single entity owns the Internet.

 Any single person, service, corporation,
university, or government does not fund
it.
 The service providers “own” the packet
routing equipment.

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Services of Internet
 May be four things, basically:
 Electronic Mail (E-Mail)

 World Wide Web (WWW)

 File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

 E-commerce

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1. Electronic Mail [E-Mail]
 is a paperless method of sending messages,
notes or letters from one person to another or
even many people at the same time via the
Internet.

 very fast compared to the normal post.

 usually take only few seconds to arrive at their

destination.

 Advantage: cheaper and faster

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a) Features of E-Mail
 One-to-one or one-to-many communications

 Instant communications

 Physical presence of recipient is not required

 Most inexpensive mail service, 24-hours a day

and seven days a week

 Encourages informal communication

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b) Components of E-Mail Address
 E-mail is also based upon the concept of a
recipient address.
 The email address provides all of the
information required to get a message to the
recipient from anywhere in the world.
Consider the e-mail ID [email protected]
 In the example above, "john" is the local part,
which is the name of a mailbox on the
destination computer, where finally the mail
will be delivered.
 Hotmail is the mail server where the mailbox
"john" exists; .com is the type of organization on
net, which is hosting the mail server.
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Cont.…
 six main categories which are hosting the mail
server:
 com Commercial institutions or organization
 edu Educational institutions
 gov Government site
 mil Military site
 net Gateways and administrative hosts
 org Private organizations
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2. World Wide Web (WWW)

 It is also commonly known as „The Web‟.

 The WWW is hypertext based information retrieval
tool.
 These documents can be in many formats, such as
text, graphics, animation, sound and latest is
video.
 All the information on Internet are presented to
the user as a document or more popularly known
as Web Page.
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 The group of web pages which are interlinked is called
web site.

 The tool used to view these Web Pages on Internet is

known as Internet browser or simply browser.

 Hyperlink, also called link –

 an element used to connect one Web page to another

Web page that’s located on the same server or different
Web server located anywhere in the world
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 www (world wide web):- A collection of websites

A website:- A collection of resources:

• Web pages (static / dynamic)

• Media files (images, animations, sound, …)

• Style files (CSS)

• Documents (pdf, doc, txt, rtf, …)

• …

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Cont.…
 name DNS (Domain Name System)
 Resolves a human friendly name (eg www.google.com) to
a machine friendly IP address (eg 64.233.187.99)

 “Phone book” of the Internet

 Stored on machines called web servers

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3. FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
 used to upload and download files.
 It gives access to directories or folders on remote computers
and allows software, data and text files to be transferred
between different kinds of computers.
The basic objectives of FTP are
 To give flexibility and promote sharing of computer programs,
files and data
 To transfer data reliably and more efficiently over network
 To encourage implicit or indirect use of remote computers
using Internet
 To shield a user from variations in file storage systems among
hosts.
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Internet Address (Web Address)
 Just like every house, every office, every location has an address;
 every page on the Internet has a unique address.
 the address on the Internet is known as URL (Uniform Resource
Locator).
 URL is like; <protocol>://<host>[:<port>][<path>][?<query>]
 http://www.nos.org/computers/internet/url.htm
 The URL contains the components that specify the protocol, server,
and pathname of an item.
 The protocol is followed by a colon (http:),
 the server is preceded by two slashes (//www.nos.org), and each
segment of the pathname is preceded by a single slash
(/computers/internet/).
 url.htm is a file name or webpage.
 A protocol is set of rules that tells the computer how to interpret
the information at that address.

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Designing a Good Website
What makes a good website
• Know your audience- what will they use your page
for?
 Timely, current and relevant
 Accurate and trustworthy
 Appropriate links for your form
 Design for readability
 Design for attractiveness
 Design for easy of understanding
 Design for efficiency
 Design to meet your goals

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Types of Web pages
 There are two main types of web pages:
 Static and Dynamic.

Static Web page

 written in plain HTML and what is in the code of the
page is what is displayed to the user.
 Each web page is a separate document and there are
no databases or external files that are drawn upon.

 The only way to edit is to go into each page and edit

HTML (do yourself using a web page editor or pay your
web developer to updates)

 Useful for displaying data that doesn‟t change often

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Advantages
 Flexibility is the main advantage of a static site

 Every page can be different if desired, to match the

layout to different content, and the designer is free
to put in any special

 Cost is generally lower up-front than a dynamic

site.

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Disadvantages
 Problem of content update. Unless you are
conversant with HTML and the design methods used
in the site then you have to go back to the designer
to have any content changes made.

 Scalability. If you wish to sell products on your site

and you have a lot of them then you may have to
construct individual pages for each one, which can
take considerable time, effort and cost.

 Costs - there are ongoing costs for updating the

content.

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Dynamic Web page
 Written using a server-side scripting language
such as PHP, ASP, JSP, or ColdFusion.

 The content is called in by the scripting language from

other files or from a database depending on actions
taken by the user.

 Can be controlled by a content management system

 Content Management System is a software

application that can be used to manage the
creation and modification of digital content.

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Advantages
 You can easily pull in information in an organized
way

 You can also create a content management

system - an interface which allows the client to
input and manage data via a web-based series of
administration pages.

 Reduce ongoing maintenance costs, b/c u will

enable u to maintain your own content

 Make data management very efficient

 Much easier to update

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Disadvantages
 More fixed design than a static one because many
of the pages are essentially a template into which
data and content is poured to create multiple pages
of a similar type.

 A change to the page design will be evident on every

page.

 Costs are higher initially than for a static site

because they require more complex coding, as well
as for maintenance

 Need to obtain web hosting which supports databases

and dynamic languages
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 Static Vs Dynamic

• Static Website • Dynamic Website

• Prebuilt content is same every • Content is generated quickly and

time the page is loaded. changes regularly.

• It uses the HTML code for • It uses the server side languages such
as PHP, ASP.NET etc. for developing a
developing a website. website.

• It sends exactly the same • It may generate different HTML for

each of the request.
response for every request.
• The content is only changed when • The page contains "server-side" code
someone publishes and updates the which allows the server to generate
file (sends it to the web server). the unique content when the page is
loaded.

• Flexibility is the main advantage of • Content Management System (CMS) is

static website. the main advantage of dynamic
website.
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Web page Design Issues
1. Users are scanners
 If you think a typical user will read the entire
content of your web pages, you are wrong.
 No matter how much useful information you put
into a webpage, a visitor will only spend a few
seconds scanning it before they decide whether to
leave or stay.
 If you want a visitor to read your text, be sure to
make your point in the very first sentence of the
page.
 After that you should try to keep them occupied
with short paragraphs and interesting new
headers all the way down the page.
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2. Less is more
 Try to keep all sentences as short as possible.
 Try to keep your paragraphs as short as possible.
 Try to keep your pages as short as possible

3. Use a lot of space between your paragraphs

 Pages overload with text will kill your audience.

4. Don’t place too much content on a single page

 If you have a lot to say, try to break your
information into smaller chunks and place it on
different pages.
 Don‟t expect any visitor to scroll all the way down
to bottom of a page with thousands of words.
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5. Navigation
 Try to create a navigation structure that is common
for all the pages in your web.

6. Download speed
 A common mistake made by web designers is to
develop a site on a local machine with direct access
to the data, or to develop the site over a high speed
internet connection.
 Sometimes developers are not aware of the fact that
some of their pages take a long time to download.
 Before you publish any content heavy pages, make
sure they are tested over a low speed modem
connection.

7. Let your audience to speak

 Feedback from your users is very good thing.
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Steps to Develop Website
 Once you have decided to establish a web site
there are 3 steps to develop website.
1. Obtain the appropriate equipment
• Web Server – hardware and software

2. Register Web Server to an Internet Service

Provider (ISP)
• Obtain the IP address and DNS address

3. Develop the contents

 Internet Programming

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Website Designing Tools
A. Client side scripting [HTML, CSS, JavaScript,
Applet]

B. Server side scripting [ PHP, Asp.net, Ruby]

• Notepad, Notepad++
• Sublime
• Dreamweaver
• Fireworks
• Microsoft FrontPage
• Macromedia flash
• Microsoft office publisher
• WAMP or XAMP

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 End of chapter one

Next Chapter 2: HTML

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