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DBMS

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5 views

DBMS

Uploaded by

harshitkumarpro123
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DBMS)

Class 10 IT (402)
Table of Contents:-
1.​ Introduction to DBMS
2.​ Characteristics of DBMS
3.​ Advantages of DBMS
4.​ Types of DBMS
5.​ Database Concepts
6.​ SQL Commands and Classification
○​ DDL (Data Definition Language)
○​ DML (Data Manipulation Language)
○​ DCL (Data Control Language)
7.​ Steps to Create a Database
8.​ Practical Examples
9.​ Database Design with Example
10.​ Real-life Applications of DBMS
11.​Conclusion

1. Introduction to DBMS
A Database Management System (DBMS) is a software application
designed to define, manipulate, retrieve, and manage data in a database. A
database is a collection of organized information stored electronically. The
DBMS ensures data integrity, security, and efficiency in managing large
amounts of data.

Why Use a DBMS?


1.​ To store data in an organized manner.
2.​ To avoid redundant or duplicate data.
3.​ To provide secure access to authorized users.

Example:​
In a hospital, DBMS is used to store patient details, such as their medical
history, current treatments, and billing records.
2. Characteristics of DBMS

●​ Data Abstraction: Hides complexity from users by showing only the


required details.
●​ Data Consistency: Maintains uniform data across all records.
●​ Concurrency Control: Allows multiple users to access data
simultaneously.
●​ Data Backup and Recovery: Ensures data is safe during system
failures.
●​ Support for Transactions: Manages multiple operations as a single
logical unit.

3. Advantages of DBMS

3.1. Data Redundancy Elimination

●​ Problem Without DBMS: If a student’s address is stored in multiple


tables, updating it in one table doesn’t reflect in others.
●​ Solution with DBMS: Data normalization eliminates redundancy.

3.2. Data Integrity


Ensures that only valid data is stored.​
Example: If "Age" is a field, it will accept only valid numerical values.

3.3. Security
Restricts unauthorized users from accessing sensitive data.​
Example: An employee database may allow only HR staff to access salary
details.

3.4. Efficient Query Processing


Retrieves data quickly using SQL queries.​
Example:
SELECT * FROM Employees WHERE Department = 'Finance';
3.5. Scalability
Handles growing amounts of data efficiently.

4. Types of DBMS

4.1. Relational DBMS (RDBMS)


●​ Stores data in tables with rows and columns.
●​ Example: MySQL, PostgreSQL.

SQL Example for RDBMS:​


CREATE TABLE Students (
ID INT PRIMARY KEY,
Name VARCHAR(50),
Age INT
);

●​

4.2. Hierarchical DBMS


●​ Data is stored in a tree-like structure.
●​ Example: IBM IMS.
●​ Use Case: File systems, organizational charts.

4.3. Network DBMS


●​ Organizes data as a graph where multiple records can be linked.
●​ Example: Integrated Data Store (IDS).

4.4. Object-oriented DBMS


●​ Combines object-oriented programming with database systems.
●​ Example: ObjectDB, DB4O.

5. Database Concepts
5.1. Data
Raw facts stored in a database.​
Example: A student’s name, marks, and roll number.

5.2. Fields and Records

●​ Field: A single column in a table. Example: "Name" in a Students table.


●​ Record: A row in a table. Example: Details of one student.

5.3. Table
A collection of rows (records) and columns (fields).​
Example Table:

ID Name Age Grade


1 John 15 A

5.4. Primary Key


A unique identifier for each record.​
Example: Student ID.

6. SQL Commands and Classification

6.1. DDL (Data Definition Language)


Commands to define database structures:

CREATE: Creates a new table.​


​
CREATE TABLE Books (
BookID INT PRIMARY KEY,
Title VARCHAR(100),
Author VARCHAR(50)
);
●​ ALTER: Modifies an existing table.​
​
ALTER TABLE Books ADD PublishedYear INT;

●​ DROP: Deletes a table.​


​
DROP TABLE Books;

6.2. DML (Data Manipulation Language)


Commands to manipulate data:

●​ INSERT: Adds data to a table.​


​
INSERT INTO Books (BookID, Title, Author, PublishedYear)
VALUES (1, 'The Alchemist', 'Paulo Coelho', 1988);

●​ SELECT: Retrieves data.​


​
SELECT * FROM Books WHERE Author = 'Paulo Coelho';

●​ UPDATE: Modifies existing data.​


​
UPDATE Books SET Title = 'The Pilgrimage' WHERE BookID = 1;

●​ DELETE: Removes data.​


​
DELETE FROM Books WHERE BookID = 1;

6.3. DCL (Data Control Language)


Commands to control database access:
●​ GRANT: Grants user permissions.​
​
GRANT SELECT ON Books TO User1;

●​ REVOKE: Removes user permissions.​


​
REVOKE SELECT ON Books FROM User1;

7. Steps to Create a Database

1.​ Open DBMS Software: Launch tools like MySQL or Microsoft


Access.
2.​ Create a Database:​
CREATE DATABASE SchoolDB;
3.​ Use the Database:​
USE SchoolDB;
4.​ Create Tables:
CREATE TABLE Students (
ID INT PRIMARY KEY,
Name VARCHAR(50),
Age INT
);
5.​ Insert Data into Tables:​
INSERT INTO Students (ID, Name, Age) VALUES (1, 'Alice', 14);

8. Practical Examples

Example 1: Table Creation


CREATE TABLE Employees (
EmployeeID INT PRIMARY KEY,
Name VARCHAR(100),
Department VARCHAR(50),
Salary INT
);

Example 2: Data Retrieval


SELECT Name, Department FROM Employees WHERE Salary > 40000;

Example 3: Updating Data


UPDATE Employees SET Department = 'HR' WHERE EmployeeID = 101;

9. Database Design with Example

Scenario: School Database

1.​Tables:​

○​ Students
○​ Teachers
○​ Classes
2.​Relationships:​

○​ One student attends one class.


○​ One teacher teaches multiple classes.
3.​ Schema Example:​
Students Table​

StudentID Name ClassID


4.​ ​
Teachers Table​

TeacherID Name Subject

10. Real-life Applications of DBMS


1.​ Banking Systems: Manage accounts and transactions.
2.​ E-commerce Platforms: Store product and customer data.
3.​ Education Systems: Handle student and staff information.
4.​ Healthcare Systems: Manage patient records.

11. Conclusion
A DBMS simplifies the management of data while ensuring security, accuracy,
and reliability. Its versatility makes it a fundamental tool in almost every
industry.

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