GDM1602A

GDM1602A SPECIFICATIONS OF
LCD MODULE

Features
1. 5x8 dots
2. Built-in controller (S6A0069 or equivalent)
3. +5V power supply (also available for =3.0V)
4. 1/16 duty cycle
5. Easy interface with 4-bit or 8-bit MPU
6. BKL to be driven by pin1, pin2, or pin15, pin16 or A, K
7. 16x2 characters

Outline dimension

Absolute maximum ratings

Item Symbol Standard Unit
Power voltage VDD-VSS -0.3 - 7.0
V
Input voltage VIN -0.3 - VDD+0.3
Operating temperature range Top 0 - +50
℃
Storage temperature range Tst -10 - +60
*Wide temperature range is available
(operating/storage temperature as –20~+70/-30~+80℃)
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Block diagram

VDD
COM LCD PANEL
VSS
V0 LCD
RS CONTROLLER
R/W SEG
AND
E
DRIVER SEG
LCD
DB0-DB7
DRIVER

R
LED+
LED- LED BKL

Interface pin description

Pin External
Symbol Function
no. connection
1 VSS Signal ground for LCM (GND)
2 VDD Power supply Power supply for logic for LCM
3 V0 Contrast adjust
4 RS MPU Register select signal
5 R/W MPU Read/write select signal
6 E MPU Operation (data read/write) enable signal
Four low order bi-directional three-state data bus lines.
7~10 DB0~DB3 MPU Used for data transfer between the MPU and the LCM.
These four are not used during 4-bit operation.
Four high order bi-directional three-state data bus lines.
11~14 DB4~DB7 MPU
Used for data transfer between the MPU
15 LED+ LED BKL power Power supply for BKL(Anode)
16 LED- supply Power supply for BKL (GND)

Contrast adjust

VDD~V0: LCD Driving voltage VR: 10k~20k

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Optical characteristics
STN type display module (Ta=25℃, VDD=5.0V)
Item Symbol Condition Min. Typ. Max. Unit
Viewing angle θ -60 - 35
Cr≥2 deg
Φ -40 - 40
Contrast ratio Cr - 8 - -
Response time (rise) Tr - - 200 250
ms
Response time (fall) Tr - - 300 350

Electrical characteristics

DC characteristics
Parameter Symbol Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit
Supply voltage for LCD VDD-V0 Ta =25℃ - 4.5 -
Input voltage VDD - 5.0 - V
Backlight supply voltage VF - - -
Supply current IDD Ta=25℃, VDD=5.0V - 1.5 2.5 mA
Input leakage current ILKG - - 1.0 uA
“H” level input voltage VIH 2.2 - VDD
“L” level input voltage VIL Twice initial value or less 0 - 0.6
V
“H” level output voltage VOH LOH=-0.25mA 2.4 - -
“L” level output voltage VOL LOH=1.6mA - - 0.4

Read cycle (Ta=25℃, VDD=5.0V)

Parameter Symbol Test pin Min. Typ. Max. Unit
Enable cycle time tc 500 - -
Enable pulse width tw E 230 - -
Enable rise/fall time tr, tf - - 20
RS; R/W setup time tsu 40 - - ns
RS; R/W
RS; R/W address hold time th 10 - -
Data output delay td - - 120
DB0~DB7
Data hold time tdh 5 - -

Write cycle (Ta=25℃, VDD=5.0V)

Parameter Symbol Test pin Min. Typ. Max. Unit
Enable cycle time tc 500 - -
Enable pulse width tw E 230 - -
Enable rise/fall time tr, tf - - 20
RS; R/W setup time tsu1 40 - - ns
RS; R/W
RS; R/W address hold time th1 10 - -
Data output delay tsu2 80 - -
DB0~DB7
Data hold time th2 10 - -

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Write mode timing diagram

Read mode timing diagram

Instruction description
Outline
To overcome the speed difference between the internal clock of S6A0069 and the MPU clock, S6A0069 performs
internal operations by storing control in formations to IR or DR. The internal operation is determined according to the
signal from MPU, composed of read/write and data bus (Refer to Table7).
Instructions can be divided largely into four groups:
1) S6A0069 function set instructions (set display methods, set data length, etc.)
2) Address set instructions to internal RAM
3) Data transfer instructions with internal RAM
4) Others
The address of the internal RAM is automatically increased or decreased by 1.
Note: during internal operation, busy flag (DB7) is read “High”.
Busy flag check must be preceded by the next instruction.

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Instruction Table
Instruction code Execution
Instruction Description time (fosc=
RS R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0
270 KHZ
Write “20H” to DDRA and set
Clear
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 DDRAM address to “00H” from 1.53ms
Display
AC
Set DDRAM address to “00H”
From AC and return cursor to
Return
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 - Its original position if shifted. 1.53ms
Home
The contents of DDRAM are not
changed.
Entry mode Assign cursor moving direction
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 I/D SH 39us
Set And blinking of entire display
Set display (D), cursor (C), and
Display ON/
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 D C B Blinking of cursor (B) on/off
OFF control
Control bit.
Set cursor moving and display
Cursor or Shift control bit, and the
0 0 0 0 0 1 S/C R/L - - 39us
Display shift Direction, without changing of
DDRAM data.
Set interface data length (DL: 8-
Bit/4-bit), numbers of display
Function set 0 0 0 0 1 DL N F - - 39us
Line (N: =2-line/1-line) and,
Display font type (F: 5x11/5x8)
Set CGRAM Set CGRAM address in address
0 0 0 1 AC5 AC4 AC3 AC2 AC1 AC0 39us
Address Counter.
Set DDRAM Set DDRAM address in address
0 0 1 AC6 AC5 AC4 AC3 AC2 AC1 AC0 39us
Address Counter.
Whether during internal
Read busy
Operation or not can be known
Flag and 0 1 BF AC6 AC5 AC4 AC3 AC2 AC1 AC0 0us
By reading BF. The contents of
Address
Address counter can also be read.
Write data to Write data into internal RAM
1 0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 43us
Address (DDRAM/CGRAM).
Read data Read data from internal RAM
1 1 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 43us
From RAM (DDRAM/CGRAM).

NOTE:
When an MPU program with checking the busy flag (DB7) is made, it must be necessary 1/2fosc is
necessary for executing the next instruction by the falling edge of the “E” signal after the busy flag (DB7)
goes to “Low”.

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Contents
1) Clear display

RS R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

Clear all the display data by writing “20H” (space code) to all DDRAM address, and set DDRAM
address to “00H” into AC (address counter).
Return cursor to the original status, namely, bring the cursor to the left edge on the fist line of the
display.
Make the entry mode increment (I/D=“High”).

2) Return home

RS R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 -

Return home is cursor return home instruction.

Set DDRAM address to “00H” into the address counter.
Return cursor to its original site and return display to its original status, if shifted.
Contents of DDRAM does not change.

3) Entry mode set

RS R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 I/D SH

Set the moving direction of cursor and display.

I/D: increment / decrement of DDRAM address (cursor or blink)

When I/D=“high”, cursor/blink moves to right and DDRAM address is increased by 1.
When I/D=“Low”, cursor/blink moves to left and DDRAM address is increased by 1.
*CGRAM operates the same way as DDRAM, when reading from or writing to CGRAM.
SH: shift of entire display
When DDRAM read (CGRAM read/write) operation or SH=“Low”, shifting of entire display is not
performed. If SH =“High” and DDRAM write operation, shift of entire display is performed according
to I/D value. (I/D=“high”. shift left, I/D=“Low”. Shift right).

4) Display ON/OFF control

RS R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0

0 0 0 0 0 0 1 D C B

Control display/cursor/blink ON/OFF 1 bit register.

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D: Display ON/OFF control bit
When D=“High”, entire display is turned on.
When D=“Low”, display is turned off, but display data remains in DDRAM.

C: cursor ON/OFF control bit

When D=“High”, cursor is turned on.
When D=“Low”, cursor is disappeared in current display, but I/D register preserves its data.

B: Cursor blink ON/OFF control bit

When B=“High”, cursor blink is on, which performs alternately between all the “High” data and display
characters at the cursor position.
When B=“Low”, blink is off.

5) Cursor or display shift

RS R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0

0 0 0 0 0 1 S/C R/L - -

Shifting of right/left cursor position or display without writing or reading of display data.
This instruction is used to correct or search display data.
During 2-line mode display, cursor moves to the 2nd line after the 40th digit of the 1st line.
Note that display shift is performed simultaneously in all the lines.
When display data is shifted repeatedly, each line is shifted individually.
When display shift is performed, the contents of the address counter are not changed.

Shift patterns according to S/C and R/L bits

S/C R/L Operation

0 0 Shift cursor to the left, AC is decreased by 1
0 1 Shift cursor to the right, AC is increased by 1
1 0 Shift all the display to the left, cursor moves according to the display
1 1 Shift all the display to the right, cursor moves according to the display

6) Function set

RS R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0

0 0 0 0 1 DL N F - -

DL: Interface data length control bit

When DL=“High”, it means 8-bit bus mode with MPU.
When DL=“Low”, it means 4-bit bus mode with MPU. Hence, DL is a signal to select 8-bit or 4-bit bus
mode.
When 4-but bus mode, it needs to transfer 4-bit data twice.
N: Display line number control bit
When N=“Low”, 1-line display mode is set.
When N=“High”, 2-line display mode is set.

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F: Display line number control bit
When F=“Low”, 5x8 dots format display mode is set.
When F=“High”, 5x11 dots format display mode.

7) Set CGRAM address

RS R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0

0 0 0 1 AC5 AC4 AC3 AC2 AC1 AC0

Set CGRAM address to AC.

The instruction makes CGRAM data available from MPU.

8) Set DDRAM address

RS R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0

0 0 1 AC6 AC5 AC4 AC3 AC2 AC1 AC0

Set DDRAM address to AC.

This instruction makes DDRAM data available form MPU.
When 1-line display mode (N=LOW), DDRAM address is form “00H” to “4FH”.In 2-line display mode
(N=High), DDRAM address in the 1st line form “00H” to “27H”, and DDRAM address in the 2nd line
is from “40H” to “67H”.
9) Read busy flag & address

RS R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0

0 1 BF AC6 AC5 AC4 AC3 AC2 AC1 AC0

This instruction shows whether S6A0069 is in internal operation or not.

If the resultant BF is “High”, internal operation is in progress and should wait BF is to be LOW, which
by then the nest instruction can be performed. In this instruction you can also read the value of the
address counter.

10) Write data to RAM

RS R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0

1 0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0

Write binary 8-bit data to DDRAM/CGRAM.

The selection of RAM from DDRAM, and CGRAM, is set by the previous address set instruction
(DDRAM address set, CGRAM address set).
RAM set instruction can also determine the AC direction to RAM.
After write operation. The address is automatically increased/decreased by 1, according to the entry
mode.

11) Read data from RAM

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RS R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB1 DB0
1 1 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0

Read binary 8-bit data from DDRAM/CGRAM.

The selection of RAM is set by the previous address set instruction. If the address set instruction of
RAM is not performed before this instruction, the data that has been read first is invalid, as the direction
of AC is not yet determined. If RAM data is read several times without RAM address instructions set
before, read operation, the correct RAM data can be obtained from the second. But the first data would
be incorrect, as there is no time margin to transfer RAM data.
In case of DDRAM read operation, cursor shift instruction plays the same role as DDRAM address
set instruction, it also transfers RAM data to output data register.
After read operation, address counter is automatically increased/decreased by 1 according to the
entry mode.
After CGRAM read operation, display shift may not be executed correctly.

NOTE: In case of RAM write operation, AC is increased/decreased by 1 as in read operation.

At this time, AC indicates next address position, but only the previous data can be read by the
read instruction.

Display character address code:

Display position 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
DDRAM address 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0A 0B 0C 0D 0E 0F
DDRAM address 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 4A 4B 4C 4D 4E 4F

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Standard character pattern

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LCM Operation Precautions
(1) It is an indispensable condition to drive LCD within the specified voltage limit since the higher voltage than the
limit causes the shorter LCD life. An electrochemical reaction due to direct current causes LCD's undesirable
deterioration, so that the use of direct current driver should be avoided.
(2) Response time will be extremely delayed at lower temperature than the specified operating temperature range
and on the other hand LCD's show dark blue color in the higher temperature. However, those phenomena do not
mean any malfunction or display out of order with LCD's, which will come back in the specified operation
temperature range.
(3) If the display area is pushed hard during operation, some fonts will be abnormally displayed. But it resumes
normal condition after turning off once.
(4) A slight dew depositing on terminals could be a cause for electrochemical reaction resulting in terminal open
circuit.
(5) Display contrast varies with the change of liquid crystal driving voltage (VO). Adjust VO to show the best contrast.
(6) Condensation on terminals can cause an electrochemical reaction disrupting the terminal circuit. Therefore, it is
suggested to use the LCD under the relative condition of 40°C, 85% RH.
(7) When turning the power on, input each signal after the positive/negative voltage becomes stable.

(8) The backlight must be operated within the condition of specification. The overload current or too high voltage
will reduce the life time or destroy the backlight.

Handing Precautions
(1) The display panel is made of glass. Do not subject it to a mechanical shock by dropping it or impact.
(2) If the display panel is damaged and the liquid crystal substance leaks out, be sure not to get any in your mouth.
If the substance contacts your skin or clothes, wash it off using soap and water.
(3) Do not apply excessive force to the display surface or the adjoining areas since this may cause the color tone to
vary.
(4) The polarizer covering the display surface of the LCD module is soft and easily scratched. Please handle the
polarizer carefully.
(5) If the display surface becomes contaminated, breathe on the surface and gently wipe it with a soft dry cloth. If it
is
heavily contaminated, moisten cloth with one of the following solvents :
- Isopropyl alcohol
- Ethyl alcohol
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(6) Solvents other than those above-mentioned may damage the polarizer. Especially, do not use the following.
- Water
- Ketone
- Aromatic solvents
(7) Exercise care to minimize corrosion of the electrode. Corrosion of the electrodes is accelerated by water
droplets, moisture condensation or a current flow in a high-humidity environment.
(8) Install the LCD Module by using the mounting holes. When mounting the LCD module make sure it is free of
twisting, warping and distortion. In particular, do not forcibly pull or bend the IO cable or the backlight cable.
(9) Do not attempt to disassemble or process the LCD module.
(10) NC terminal should be open. Do not connect anything.
(11) If the logic circuit power is off, do not apply the input signals.
(12) To prevent destruction of the elements by static electricity, be careful to maintain an optimum work
environment.
- Be sure to ground the body when handling the LCD modules.
- Tools required for assembling, such as soldering irons, must be properly grounded.
- To reduce the amount of static electricity generated, do not conduct assembling and other work under dry
conditions.
- The LCD module is coated with a film to protect the display surface. Exercise care when peeling off this protective
film since static electricity may be generated.

Installing Precautions
The hole in the printed circuit board is used to fix LCM as shown in the picture below. Attend to the following items
when installing the LCM.
(1) Cover the surface with a transparent protective plate to protect the polarizer and LC cell.

(2) When assembling the LCM into other equipment, the spacer to the bit between the LCM and the fitting plate
should have enough height to avoid causing stress to the module surface, refer to the individual specifications for
measurements. The measurement tolerance should be 0.1mm.

Storage Precautions
In case of storing for a long period of time for the purpose of replacement use, the following ways are
recommended.

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(1) Storage in a polyethylene bag with the opening sealed so as not to enter fresh air outside in it, and with no
desiccant.
(2) Placing in a dark place where neither exposure to direct sunlight nor light is, keeping temperature in the range
from -30°C to 80°C
(3) Storing with no touch on polarizer surface by anything else. (It is recommended to store them as they have
been contained in the inner container at the time of delivery from us.)

Safety
(1) It is recommended to crush damaged or unnecessary LCDs into pieces and wash them off with solvents such
as acetone and ethanol, which should later be burned.
(2) If any liquid leaks out of a damaged glass cell and comes in contact with the hands, wash off thoroughly with
soap and water.

Others
Liquid crystals solidify under low temperature (below the storage temperature range) leading to
defective orientation or
the generation of air bubbles (black or white). Air bubbles may also be generated if the module is subject to a low
temperature. If the LCD modules have been operating for a long time showing the same display patterns, the
display patterns may remain on the screen as ghost images and a slight contrast irregularity may also appear. A
normal operating status can be regained by suspending use for some time. It should be noted that this
phenomenon does not adversely affect performance reliability. To minimize the performance degradation of the
LCD modules resulting from destruction caused by static electricity
etc., exercise care to avoid holding the following sections when handling the modules.
- Exposed area of the printed circuit board.
- Terminal electrode sections.

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