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NOTE
The information contained in this training course manual is intended solely for
participants of the BMW Service Training course.
Refer to the relevant "Technical Service" information for any changes/
supplements to the Technical Data.

© 2001 BMW AG
München, Germany. Reprints of this manual or its parts
require the written approval of BMW AG, München
VS-42 MFP-HGK-BRK-E65_0645
Contents
Page

CHAP 1 E65 Instrument Cluster 1

Introduction 1
Design and networking 2
- Hardware 2
- Displays 4
- Display area 1: LC display 5
- Display area 2: speedometer 8
- Display area 3: revolution counter 8
- Display area 4: indicator and warning lamps 9
Turn indicator acoustic signal 10
Vehicle electrical system connection 11
Functions 14
Pointer instruments 15
- Speedometer 15
- Revolution counter 16
Indicator and warning lamps 17
- Pre-drive check 18
Master functions 19
- Time master 19
- Outside temperature master 20
- Dimming master 20
Redundant data storage 21
On-board computer 26
- On-board computer I 26
- On-board computer II 30
Check Control 32
- Display location 33
- Display characteristics 35
- Operation 36
Diagnosis / test functions 37
- Selecting test functions 39
 E65 Instrument Cluster

E65 Instrument Cluster

Introduction

For consistent implementation of the new display and operating

concept, iDrive, a completely new instrument cluster has been
developed for the E65.
The following aims were taken into account during development:
- The instrument cluster is an integral part of iDrive/Driving Area.

- All of the necessary information for driving the vehicle must be

on display in the direct field of vision of the driver in a simple
and quickly understandable form.

- Display technology with outstanding ergonomics due to

graphic displays.

- New type of Check Control system with clear, understandable

texts and graphical symbols.

Taking these aims into account, the instrument cluster has

become a multifunctional display unit that links the benefits of
various display technologies into a composite unit.

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 E65 Instrument Cluster

Design and networking

- Hardware

KT-8761

Fig. 1: Instrument cluster

The instrument cluster is configured as a one-part component.

For control of the functions, two powerful processors are
integrated.

Variants
The instrument cluster is available in four hardware versions.

-2-
 E65 Instrument Cluster

KT-8857

Fig. 2: Speedometer with km/h scale and revolution counter for petrol engines

KT-8860

Fig. 3: Speedometer with km/h scale and revolution counter for diesel engines

KT-8856

Fig. 4: Speedometer with mph scale and revolution counter for petrol engines

In order to be able to display languages such as Chinese,

Japanese or Korean with their lettering, a larger language
memory (8 MB instead of 4 MB) is used in the fourth instrument
cluster version.

-3-
 E65 Instrument Cluster

- Displays

General

KT-8767

Fig. 5: Layout of the display areas

Index Description

Display area 1 LC display

Display area 2 Fixed-position speed scale

Display area 3 Fixed-position engine speed scale

Display area 4 Indicator and warning lamps

The instrument cluster is divided into the display areas

- LC display
- pointer instruments
- fixed-position indicator lamps
described below.

-4-
 E65 Instrument Cluster

- Display area 1: LC display

General

KT-8989

Fig. 6: Layout of the display areas

Index Description

1 Display area 1, within the speedometer

2 Display area 2, within the revolution counter

3 Display area 3, below the speedometer

4 Display area 4, below the revolution counter

5 Display area 5, variable display and warning field

6 Display area 6, gear display

In addition to the analog pointer instruments and the indicator

lamps, the LCD unit serves as a digital display medium. The
perforated mask above visually separates it into six display
areas for the indicator and warning lamps.

-5-
 E65 Instrument Cluster

In order to ensure that the LC display can also be read easily at

low temperatures, display heating has been fitted.
The heating consists of current-bearing conductors on a sheet
behind the display.
When the driver's door is opened, the switch-on signal is sent
by the CAS via the K-CAN SYSTEM bus to the instrument
cluster. The display heating is activated at display temperatures
below 10 ºC and deactivated when 30 ºC is reached.
So as not to subject the vehicle electrical system to excessive
loads, the display heating is switched on and off depending on
the vehicle voltage. This information is made available to the
instrument cluster by the power module.

Display area 1, within the speedometer

In this display area, the following content can be displayed in the

form of text and graphics:
- Speed limit
- Step cruise control
- Diagnosis test functions
- CBS reset

Display area 2, within the revolution counter

In this display area, the following content can be displayed in the

form of text and graphics:
- Engine speed warning field
- Navigation display
- Diagnosis test functions

-6-
 E65 Instrument Cluster

Display area 3, below the speedometer

In this display area, the following content can be displayed in the

form of text and graphics:
- Service requirement display (SBA)
- On-board computer (BC) (fuel gauge, range)

Display area 4, below the revolution counter

Both BC and CC text messages are shown in this display area.

The BC text messages are overwritten by the CC text messages.

Display area 5, variable display and warning field

This area serves as a variable display and warning field.

In this display area, the following content can be displayed in the
form of text or graphics:
- CC warning symbols
- Ambient temperature
- Time

Display area 6, gear display

In the Steptronic mode, the gear engaged by the gearbox is

displayed in this display area (M1 to M6).
In driving program position D and activated S program, an S is
displayed here.

-7-
 E65 Instrument Cluster

- Display area 2: speedometer

KT-8916

Fig. 7: Speedometer

The speedometer scale and the scale lettering are shown on the
fixed-position dial.

- Display area 3: revolution counter

KT-8917

Fig. 8: Revolution counter

The revolution counter scale and the scale lettering are shown
on the fixed-position dial.
The dial of the revolution counter contains an engine speed
advance warning field in the form of a fixed red circle segment.

-8-
 E65 Instrument Cluster

- Display area 4: indicator and warning lamps

KT-9037
Fig. 9: Fixed-position indicator and warning lamps

The indicator and warning lamp are arranged in fixed positions

between and beside the pointer instruments in the instrument
cluster.

-9-
 E65 Instrument Cluster

Turn indicator acoustic signal

KT-8803
Fig. 10: Instrument cluster

Index Description

1 Plug connection

2 Opening for loudspeaker

The turn indicator acoustic signal is output through a loud-

speaker integrated in the instrument cluster. The sound signals
are generated by a sound generator in the instrument cluster.
All other acoustic signals are generated by the audio system
controller ASK and output through the vehicle loudspeakers.

- 10 -
 E65 Instrument Cluster

Vehicle electrical system connection

KT-8762
Fig. 11: Plug connection

Index Description

1 Trip distance reset button

2 Connection for the MOST data bus

3 Connector 20-pin

The connection of the instrument cluster to the vehicle electrical

system is by means of a 20-pin ELO connector.
The connections of the
- outside air temperature sensor
- windscreen washer fluid level sensor
- coolant level sensor
- fuel-tank sensor
to the instrument cluster have been implemented using conven-
tional cables.
All other information/requests to or from the instrument cluster
are transferred as data telegrams across the bus connection.
For this purpose, the instrument cluster is connected to the
vehicle electrical system via the K-CAN SYSTEM bus and the
MOST bus.

- 11 -
 E65 Instrument Cluster

KT-9172

Fig. 12: Block diagram of instrument cluster

Index Description

1 Outside air temperature sensor

2 Windscreen washer fluid level sensor

3 Coolant level sensor

4 Fuel-tank sensor, left

5 Fuel-tank sensor, right

6 K-CAN SYSTEM bus

7 MOST bus

The following summary shows the networking of the instrument

cluster with the other control units of the vehicle.

- 12 -
 E65 Instrument Cluster

KT-9213

Fig. 13: Networking of instrument cluster with the bus system E65

- 13 -
 E65 Instrument Cluster

Functions
The following functions are integrated in the instrument cluster:
- Pointer instruments for road speed and engine speed
- Indicator and warning lamps
- Master functions
- Dimming master
- Time master
- Outside temperature master
- Redundant data storage
- On-board computer (BC)
- Check Control CC
- Diagnosis / test functions

- 14 -
 E65 Instrument Cluster

Pointer instruments
- Speedometer

KT-8916

Fig. 14: Speedometer

For display of the travelling speed, the travel signal is routed

from the DSC control unit via the PT-CAN to the ZGM, and from
there via the K-CAN SYSTEM to the instrument cluster.
The raw signal used by the DSC control unit is the signal from
the rear left wheel sensor.
This travel signal leads to activation of the step motor and thus
to motion of the pointer for the speedometer.

- 15 -
 E65 Instrument Cluster

- Revolution counter

KT-8917

Fig. 15: Revolution counter

For display of the engine speed, the travel signal is routed from
the DME/DDE control unit via the PT-CAN to the ZGM, and from
there via the K-CAN SYSTEM to the instrument cluster.
This travel signal leads to activation of the step motor and thus
to motion of the pointer for the revolution counter.

In addition to the fixed position engine speed warning field, an

additional variable engine speed advance warning field can be
displayed on the E65.
Activation of this engine speed advance warning field depends
on the signal from the engine control.
The engine control uses various parameters, e.g. coolant
temperature, to calculate the engine speed thresholds that are
ideal for this operating status, and these are displayed to the
driver as a maximum engine speed recommendation.
When the engine is at operating temperature, this display disap-
pears.

- 16 -
 E65 Instrument Cluster

Indicator and warning lamps

KT-9037
Fig. 16: Fixed-position indicator and warning lamps

For activation, the symbols are given background lighting (LEDs)

in one or more colours.
This enables display of symbols depending on the degree of
importance in red, yellow, green or blue.
The legally prescribed and standardized indicator and warning
lights include:
- Turn indicators
- Full beam headlight
- Belt warning
- Airbag
- General brake warning
- Rear fog lights, fog lights
- OBD II Check Engine (MIL)

There are also indicator and warning lights for:

- Dynamic Stability Control DSC
- Program display of the automatic gearbox

- 17 -
 E65 Instrument Cluster

- Pre-drive check

The pre-drive check serves to check the internal functions of the

instrument cluster and to monitor the alive signals of all control
units that can issue a CC message.
All of the fixed-position indicator lamps are activated shortly
after terminal 15 On (exception: airbag as of terminal R).

Indicator lamps that can be activated as red and yellow (parking

brake and brake warning) light up first as yellow then after
approx. 2 seconds are switched to red.

The entire pre-drive check takes at least 4 seconds.

On conclusion of an error-free pre-drive check, all the indicator
lamps are switched off together.

If any faults occur during the pre-drive check, the check of the
relevant systems is interrupted.

The indicator lamps concerned remain on and the Check

Control issues the corresponding messages.

- 18 -
 E65 Instrument Cluster

Master functions
- Time master
There is an integrated quartz crystal clock in the instrument
cluster. The time and date can be set manually by the driver
using the controller in the CD.
In the case of vehicles with navigation system, the manually set
time (minutes) is corrected on the basis of the world time UTC
(United Time Coordinated) received by the navigation system.
That is, the hour display must be set manually by the driver; only
the minute display is corrected by the navigation system.
However, the time is only corrected within a range of ±2.5 min
outside the real time.
A manually set clock outside the range of ±2.5 mins of real time
runs as a normal quartz crystal clock and is not corrected by the
navigation system.
The date and time are made available to other control units as a
telegram via the K-CAN SYSTEM.

Relative time
In addition, this telegram is made available to other control units
by the instrument cluster for time calculations.
A timer counts the seconds synchronous to the system/vehicle
clock. This signal can be used to measure relative times.
The time cannot be used for this purpose, as it can be set by the
customer.
The counter runs following reset (e.g. disconnecting the battery
in the workshop) from 0 and counts in second increments from
0 to over 4 billion, which corresponds to approximately
140 years.
The DME, for example, needs the relative time to determine the
immobilization period of the engine (engine OFF) and thus to
improve the starting capability of the engine. The immobilization
period is calculated by the DME from the relative time of
terminal R OFF to terminal R ON again.

- 19 -
 E65 Instrument Cluster

- Outside temperature master

Only one outside temperature sensor is fitted in the E65. Its
signal is only sent to the instrument cluster. Here, the values of
the engine-coolant temperature, outside temperature sensor
and vehicle speed are used to calculate the outside temperature
signal.
The instrument cluster makes this outside temperature mean
value available to the other control units, e.g. CD or IHKA
(integrated automatic heating / air conditioning system), as a
telegram via the K-CAN SYSTEM.

- Dimming master
The brightness signal is calculated in the instrument cluster from
the values of the phototransistor in the instrument cluster and
the dimmer wheel.
This brightness signal is also made available as a telegram via
the bus system to other control units in the vehicle.

- 20 -
 E65 Instrument Cluster

Redundant data storage

In the event of repairs, it is necessary that the kilometre reading
and the data for the CBS intervals are retained on replacement
of the instrument cluster.
To this end, the following data in the Car Access System CAS is
redundant, i.e. stored a second time:
- Vehicle identification number
- Total mileage (kilometre reading)
- CBS scope

Every time terminal 15 is switched on, a data check takes place.

In order to enable detection of manipulations, an orange point
(manipulation point) is shown in display area 4 below the
revolution counter.
The manipulation point is set under the following conditions:
- The vehicle identification number stored in both control units
does not match.
- In one of the two control units, no vehicle identification number
is stored, e.g. new component.
- The component for storage of the total mileage in the
instrument cluster is defective; the display for the kilometre
reading shows 999999.

- 21 -
 E65 Instrument Cluster

When replacing an instrument cluster or a CAS control unit, the

following point must be observed:

1. Installation of a new Car Access control unit CAS:

A new CAS is ordered on a vehicle-specific basis (key number,

vehicle identification number, standard equipment) and
installed in the relevant vehicle.

The new CAS must then be coded using the BMW diagnosis
unit (MoDiC or DISplus) (adjustment function "engine control/
CAS"). Only then can the engine be restarted.

Note

Installation of a used CAS control unit makes no sense, as it

will neither be possible to open the vehicle nor start the
engine.

2. Installation of a new instrument cluster:

The manipulation point is set when terminal 15 is switched on,
as the vehicle identification number is not coded in the
instrument cluster.

The instrument cluster is now assigned to the vehicle using the

BMW diagnosis unit (MoDiC or DISplus) by means of coding,
i.e. the vehicle identification number is entered in the
instrument cluster.

Then switch off terminal 15.

When terminal 15 is switched on again, the instrument cluster

fetches the current mileage and CBS data from the CAS. The
manipulation point is deleted.

- 22 -
 E65 Instrument Cluster

3. Installation of a new or used instrument cluster for test

purposes:
Although the vehicle identification number (Kombi/CAS) differs
and/or has not yet been entered in the instrument cluster,
there is bidirectional communication between the instrument
cluster and the CAS.

For example, the kilometre reading / mileage stored in the CAS

is transferred into the working memory for the total mileage
display in the instrument cluster and displayed.

If there is now a test drive, the distance driven is counted

further in the working memory of the total mileage and trans-
ferred every 10 kilometres (E38 every 100 kilometres) to the
CAS.

If at least 24 hours have elapsed between switching

terminal 15 on and off, another calibration is performed,
independent of the distance driven.

If the instrument cluster is removed again following the test

drive, the working memory loses the stored kilometre reading.
This data is not stored; the instrument cluster is returned to its
initial state.

- 23 -
 E65 Instrument Cluster

4. Simultaneous replacement of CAS and instrument cluster

(two new components):
Where possible, this should be avoided, as the current km
reading and all the CBS data are irretrievably lost!

If both control units have to be replaced at one time, the

following installation sequence is recommended:

- Replacement of the instrument cluster

Coding of vehicle identification number
Terminal 15 OFF/ON (possible data transfer)
- Replacement of the CAS
Coding of vehicle identification number
Terminal 15 OFF/ON

When terminal 15 is switched on again, the manipulation point

is deleted. The communication between the instrument cluster
and the CAS for redundant data storage is now ensured.

- 24 -
 E65 Instrument Cluster

In summary, the following apply in the case of replacement of

CAS or instrument cluster:
- The manipulation point is set if the vehicle identification
number in the CAS differs from the vehicle identification
number in the instrument cluster.

- If the vehicle identification numbers are different, data

exchange takes place in the working memory of the
instrument cluster; however, no data is stored perma-
nently.

- The instrument cluster adopts the data from the CAS if

the CAS has a higher kilometre reading than the
instrument cluster and the vehicle identification
numbers match.

- The CAS adopts the data from the instrument cluster if

the instrument cluster has a higher kilometre reading
and the vehicle identification numbers match.

- The trip distance is transferred from the instrument

cluster to the CAS every 10 km of the journey. If at least
24 hours have elapsed between switching terminal 15 on
and off, another calibration is performed, independent of
the distance driven.

- 25 -
 E65 Instrument Cluster

On-board computer
The on-board computer in the E65 is not only to be viewed as a
computing system; it also provides the indicating instrument
with important vehicle information.
The displays are divided into two function groups:
- "Main" on-board computer (BC I)
- Travel computer (BC II)

- On-board computer I

The on-board computer I is assigned the following displays:

- Total mileage
- Trip recorder reading
- Current consumption
- Tank contents
These displays can only appear in the instrument cluster.
- Distance
- Range
- Average consumption
- Limit
- Average speed
can be displayed both in the instrument cluster (display area 3)
and in the Control Display (CD) (main menu for on-board data).
The stopwatch function can only be displayed in the CD.

- 26 -
 E65 Instrument Cluster

Note
Note that the features
- total mileage
- trip recorder reading
- current consumption
- tank contents
have no fixed-position displays. They are scrolled like all other
BC I functions, i.e. they are only displayed when the driver
actively queries them. Only the fuel gauge is automatically
displayed as soon as the reserve segment is reached.

- 27 -
 E65 Instrument Cluster

Operating options BC I

KT-9189

Fig. 17: FAS with CC button (1) and BC button (2)

The displays are scrolled and shown in the instrument cluster by

means of buttons in the turn indicator and dipped-beam switch
(FAS).
The top button (1) operates the displays in the display area
below the revolution counter.
The bottom button (2) operates the displays in the display area
below the speedometer.
Brief touching of the buttons scrolls in the display elements.
Pressing the top button (1) for a longer period toggles between
Check Control messages and on-board computer displays in
the display area below the revolution counter.
Pressing the bottom button (2) for a longer period darkens the
display areas.
Note
Darkening is not possible when a Check Control message is
active or the fuel gauge is at reserve. A single display area
cannot be darkened - the fields are always active or dark as a
pair.

- 28 -
 E65 Instrument Cluster

The following content is shown in the display area below the

speedometer:
- Tank contents
- Range
- Distance
The following content is shown in the display area below the
revolution counter:
- Total mileage
- Trip recorder reading
- Current consumption
- Average consumption
- Average speed
- Arrival time

When terminal 15 is ON, it is always the information that was last

selected that is displayed in the two display areas of the
instrument cluster.
If the display area below the revolution counter contains a
Check Control message, no function of the on-board computer
is displayed there. The earliest point at which this is possible is
when a specified minimum display time has elapsed or if the
message is acknowledged by the press of a button.
A message with priority 1 cannot be removed from the display.

- 29 -
 E65 Instrument Cluster

Reset of BC I displays
The following displays of the BC I can be reset using the
controller.
- Average consumption
- Average speed

The controller is used to select the display to be reset. Pressing

the controller causes the selection menu to appear: RESET
YES/NO.
If RESET YES is selected and confirmed by pressing the
controller, the corresponding display is reset to the value 0.

- On-board computer II

KT-9184

Fig. 18: Menu of the travel computer in the Control Display with display of starting
time, driving time, distance travelled, average fuel consumption and
average speed.

The on-board computer II is assigned the following displays:

- Starting time
- Starting date
- Driving time
- Travel distance
- Starting date
- Average consumption
- Average speed

The BC II information is displayed exclusively in the Control

Display.

- 30 -
 E65 Instrument Cluster

The travel computer serves to monitor individual journeys.

It must be selected and activated separately in the on-board
computer menu in the Control Display. The basis of data and
calculation algorithms for the displays in the travel computer are
identical to the corresponding functions in the on-board
computer.

Operating options

The selection field START - selected via the controller - activates

the travel computer. If a journey is interrupted, the calculation of
the average values is halted as of terminal 15 OFF and only
continued when the journey is resumed.
The selection field STOP freezes the displays; continued calcu-
lation is then no longer possible. Selecting START again resets
all the displays of the travel computer; a selective reset of an
individual function is not possible in the travel computer.

- 31 -
 E65 Instrument Cluster

Check Control
Until now, the Check Control has been a reporting system for
vehicle faults. For the E65, the scope of functions has been
extended considerably. The number and information content of
the messages have increased considerably in comparison to the
E38. In total, 196 CC messages can be displayed (status
23.03.2001).
The Check Control now also displays operating states and
provides detailed instructions. This provides the driver with
concrete assistance, enabling the appropriate reactions in the
event of a system failure or fault despite the increasing
complexity of the vehicle electronics.

The message texts in the instrument cluster are greater in scope

(40 characters instead of 20 to date).
The combination of text and graphic ensures faster assimilation
of the information on the part of the driver.
The Check Control is easy to expand, as the evaluation of the
message conditions for the individual functions and systems has
been shifted to the relevant control unit in each case.

Note
A special feature is that the coolant-temperature gauge in the
E65 is no longer designed as a separate dial instrument but as a
part function of the Check Control. It is only displayed when
required.

- 32 -
 E65 Instrument Cluster

- Display location
The messages of the Check Control are displayed in a number
of locations.

KT-9376

Fig. 19: Display locations of CC messages

Index Description

1 Fixed-position indicator and warning lamps

2 Variable display and warning field

3 Display area for BC and CC text messages

4 Control Display (CD)

The variable indicator lamps are displayed in yellow or red in

display area 2. Normally, the time and outside temperature are
displayed in this position, and these can be overwritten by the
Check Control where required.
The text messages of the Check Control appear in display
area 3. If data from the on-board computer is located here while
a message is being issued, it is overwritten by the Check
Control.

- 33 -
 E65 Instrument Cluster

For most of the messages of the Check Control, there are also
supplementary explanations and instructions. These can be
opened on the Control Display via the on-board data menu. In
the case of particularly important messages, they appear
automatically.
CC messages of up to 170 characters in length can be displayed
in the Control Display.

KT-9289

Fig. 20: Supplementary instruction for CC message in the Control Display:

"Brake and chassis electronics without function. Parking brake without
emergency braking function. Refer to Owner's Manual. Driving can continue
under certain conditions; contact BMW Service immediately."

- 34 -
 E65 Instrument Cluster

- Display characteristics
Check Control messages are output as
- text messages with a fixed-position and/or variable indicator
lamp, the text in the display area below the revolution counter
and usually with additional supplementary information in the
Control Display

or

- as non-text notification with a fixed-position indicator lamp.

All messages of the Check Control are triggered by the control

units of the monitored function and transferred as data
telegrams via the MOST bus or the K-CAN SYSTEM to the
instrument cluster. From there, they are distributed - depending
on requirements - to the individual output locations (within the
instrument cluster with fixed lines and/or via MOST to the
Control Display).
In the event that a number of messages are to be output at one
time, the message with the highest priority is displayed first. The
same applies when different non-text notifications want to light
up the same indicator lamp.
In addition to the visual display, the Check Control also calls
attention with acoustic signals. A gong or double gong are
generated by the audio system controller (ASK) - in different
tones depending on the importance of the associated message
(friendly or urgent, quiet or loud). The signals are output,
depending on the reason for the acoustic warning, via the front
left-hand and/or right-hand vehicle loudspeakers.

- 35 -
 E65 Instrument Cluster

- Operation
The messages of the Check Control appear automatically and
overwrite any other information in the display area under the
gear display and revolution counter in the instrument cluster.

KT-9375

Fig. 21: Operation of Check Control (1) and on-board computer (2)

The button (1) in the turn indicator and dipped-beam switch

(FAS) can be used - if present - to browse through all the CC
messages issued (press briefly), or to toggle between the on-
board computer and Check Control in the display area below
the revolution counter.
Eight seconds after the last touch to the button, the display
switches back automatically to the initial state (darkened or on-
board computer). Darkening is not possible when a message of
priority 1 is displayed in the Check Control (e.g. engine
overheating).

- 36 -
 E65 Instrument Cluster

Diagnosis / test functions

In addition to the comprehensive diagnostic options via the
BMW diagnosis units, there are also a number of internal test
functions.
These test functions are a simple aid for checking the instrument
cluster and requesting important vehicle data.

KT-8987

Fig. 22: Display areas of the test functions

- 37 -
 E65 Instrument Cluster

The following test functions can be displayed using the

trip distance reset button in display areas 1 and 2 of the
instrument cluster:

Test No.: Function

01 Identification Instrument Cluster

02 System test

03 Not used

04 Current consumption values in l/100 km and l/h

05 Range consumption and current range value

06 Fuel tank values and displayed value

07 Current values for coolant temperature, outside temperature, dimming

(sensor values)

08 Current speed in km/h

09 Display of operating voltage, terminal 30 in Volts

10 Read out country code

11 Read out units (AM/PM or mm.dd/dd.mm etc.)

12 Average speed for arrival calculation and current arrival value

13 Trigger acoustic signals

14 Read out error bytes (self-diagnosis)

15 Display of I/O port statuses

16 Display test bitmaps

17 Analog-digital converter ADC

18 Display of PWM value (lighting/instrument dimmer)

19 Lock and release of test functions

20 Entry of a correction factor for average consumption

21 Software reset/RAM reload

- 38 -
 E65 Instrument Cluster

- Selecting test functions

The test functions can be selected at terminal R (radio position)
or at terminal 15 ON.
The test functions are started by pressing the trip recorder reset
button. Keep the button pressed for longer than 5 seconds.
Another possibility to start the test functions is - with terminal R
switched off - to hold down the trip distance reset button and
then switch on terminal R.
In the left-hand display area (1) within the speedometer, the
following appears:

Identification : 01
System test : 02
(not used) : 03
Consumption : 04

A maximum of 4 test functions can be displayed at one time.

Each brief press of the trip distance reset button increases the
selected test function number, displayed inversely (orange
background).
All test functions, apart from functions one and two, are locked
and must be unlocked by means of test function number 19.
Starting a selected test function:
Longer pressing of the button (> 2 seconds) starts the inversely
displayed test function (e.g. System test:01).
The display of the selected test function appears in display
area (2) within the revolution counter.
The test functions are closed by switching off terminal R (radio
position) or pressing the button for a longer period
(> 6 seconds).

Note
To prevent unauthorized access to the test functions, they have
to be locked once again before they are closed (see test
function 19).

- 39 -
 E65 Instrument Cluster

Test function 01: identification

The following list appears in display area 2 within the revolution
counter: a maximum of 4 lines can be displayed at one time.
Brief pressing of the trip distance reset button enables scrolling
in the list.

Part no. : 123456789012

K-number v (1/KM) : 44734
Version number : 12
Coding index : 12
Diagnosis index : 1234
Variant index : 1234
Identification : 123456789
Production date : 13.3.03
Manufacturer no. : 12
Can-NK version : 12. 12. 12
SW version : 12. 12. 12
Standard Core : 12. 12. 12
Slave SW : 12. 12. 12
Bus_Ind. CAN : 1234
Bus_Ind. MOST : 1234

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 E65 Instrument Cluster

Test function 02: system test

The system test permits simple, visual assessment of the
following functions in the instrument cluster:
- Pointer instruments
- Displays
- Backlighting of all displays
- Warning and indicator lamps

Activating this test function automatically activates the following

components/functions:

Test function 04: consumption

This function serves to assess consumption. The following list
appears in display area 2:

Consumption 14.3 : l/100 km

Stationary consumption 20.3 : l/h

Test function 05: range consumption, current range value

The internal on-board computer cruising range consumption is
used together with the average tank value to calculate the range.
The following list appears in display area 2:

CR consumption 12.7 : l/100 km

Range 238 : km

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 E65 Instrument Cluster

Test function 06: fuel tank and displayed value

In this function, the total tank contents and the contents of the
left and right half of the tank are displayed separately. The
following list appears in display area 2:

Tank L, R, total : 29.5 l, 34.2 l, 63.7 l

Displayed value : 60.2 l
Tank phase :1

Tank phase 1:
Normal calculation procedure via sensor, no error.
Tank phase 2:
Calculation from fuel consumption signal and/or CAN signal
running (sensor fault). The fuel level indicator is guided via the
calculated consumption towards the 0 mark. Refuelling can no
longer be recognized.
Tank phase 3:
No more calculation of the tank contents possible (at least
1 sensor defective, no fuel consumption signal). The fuel level
indicator is guided towards the 0 mark and the "fuel reserve"
display is activated.

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 E65 Instrument Cluster

Test function 07: current values for coolant temperature,

outside temperature, phototransistor, engine speed
The current values for coolant temperature, engine speed,
phototransistor, and the current outside temperature are
displayed.
The following list appears in display area 2:

Engine coolant temp. 105 ºC

Engine speed 2480 rpm
Outside temp. +20.0 ºC
Dimming 02E3 ADC

Test function 08: current vehicle speed

The current driving speed appears in display area 2. For
example: V: 98 km/h
This value can be used, for example, to check the plausibility of
the pointer instrument.

Test function 09: operating voltage

The operating voltage at the instrument cluster is displayed in
display area 2.

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 E65 Instrument Cluster

Test function 10: read out country code

The currently set and selectable country codes/languages
appear in display area 2. The languages are set using the CD.

Test function 11: read out units

The currently set and selectable units (AM/PM and/or mm.dd/
dd.mm etc.) appear in display area 2. The units are set using the
CD.

Test function 12: displays for arrival

The average speed, displayed for calculation of the arrival time
(customer function DISTANCE) and the current arrival time/date,
appear in display area 2.

V arrival 136.5 km/h

Arrival time 23:46
Arrival date 2.2.03

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 E65 Instrument Cluster

Test function 13: trigger acoustic signals

When this test function is started, the following acoustic
signals are triggered in succession. Here, there is a break of
2.5 seconds after each signal.
- CCG (Check Control Gong 1X)
- DG (double gong)
- Hour signal
- Intermittent gong for 5 seconds
- 3 times turn indicator acoustic signal

Test function 14: read out error bytes (self-diagnosis)

When this test function is started, a fault code memory table
appears in display area 2. Occurring faults are output in this
table in the form of fault codes (DTC).

Test function 15: display of I/O port statuses

When this test function is started, the statuses at the I/O ports
(connections of the instrument cluster) appear in display area 2.

Test function 16: display test bitmap

When this test function is started, a test bitmap (BMW logo),
which can be used to check the positioning accuracy and state
of the display, appears in display area 2.

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 E65 Instrument Cluster

Test function 17: analog-digital converter ADC

When this test function is started, the following list appears in
display area 2.

Fuel-tank 165 Ohm

sensor 1
Fuel-tank 264 Ohm
sensor 2
Coolant level 001 ADC
Terminal 11850 mV
voltage
Temp. outside 207 / 10 ºC
Temp. glass 32 ºC
(display)
Phototr. 670 ADC
Gear P5 ADC
Gear R R885 ADC
Gear D D885 ADC
Gear N N885 ADC
Washer fluid 341 ADC

The analog-digital converter ADC values are primarily for the

purposes of evaluation by vehicle development. Changes to the
ADC values enable assessment of the function of components
(e.g. phototransistor).
In the case of switches (e.g. coolant level sensor), the ADC
value 0 = switch closed and the ADC value 1023 = switch
opened.

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 E65 Instrument Cluster

Test function 18: PWM values

When this test function is started, the following list appears in
display area 2.

Contrast display 4615

Background lighting 3148
Dimm. Gear 10000
Dimm. Ring 10000
Dimm. Warning field 10000

The contrast and dimming values are primarily for the purposes
of evaluation by vehicle development. Changes to the values
enable assessment of the activation of contrast and dimming.
The values are displayed from 0 (lowest value) to 10000 (highest
value).

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 E65 Instrument Cluster

Test function 19: lock and release test functions

All test functions, apart from functions one and two, are
protected against unauthorized access. It is only possible to
unlock the test functions by entering a code.
The required input code is calculated from the total of the last
5 digits of the vehicle identification number stored in the
instrument cluster e.g. 1+2+3+4+5 = 15.
- To unlock the test functions:
1. Select test function 19. The following appears in display area 2:
LOCK: ON
CODE: 0

2. Enter the total of the vehicle identification number. The total is

set by pressing the trip distance reset button and displayed in
the field CODE: each pressing of the button increases the total
number by one digit.
If the trip distance reset button is pressed more than 45 times,
the total input number jumps back to 00.
3. The input is terminated by pressing the trip distance reset
button for a longer period. Now, all the test functions have
been enabled and can be selected using the trip distance reset
button in the left-hand display area.
The test functions remain unlocked until they are locked again
using test function 19.

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 E65 Instrument Cluster

- To lock the test functions:

1. Select test function 19. The following appears in display
area 2 within the revolution counter:
LOCK: OFF

2. When the trip distance reset button is pressed, the following

appears:
LOCK: ON

3. The input is terminated by pressing the trip distance reset

button for a longer period. Now all the test functions are
locked.

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 E65 Instrument Cluster

Test function 20: correction factor for average consumption

This function is for checking and entering a correction factor for
the fuel consumption figures.
When this test function is started, the correction factor for the
average consumption appears in display area 2.
Entry of the correction factor is only possible within the range
of 750 to 1250. At production, the factor 1000 is stored in the
EEPROM.
The correction factor is reduced by a numerical value of 1 with
each brief touch of the trip distance reset button. Pressing the
BC button on the FAS counts down in steps of ten to shorten the
time required for the resetting procedure.
If the minimum value of 750 is reached, the display jumps to the
maximum value 1250 and the counting resumes backwards.
The input is terminated by pressing the trip distance reset button
on the instrument cluster.
The correction factor CC is calculated from the actual quantity
of fuel consumed CON ACT. and the displayed value CON DIS:
CC = (CON ACT./CON DIS) X 1000 l/100 km

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 E65 Instrument Cluster

Test function 21: software reset/RAM reload

This test function triggers a software reset and/or a RAM reload
of the instrument cluster processor.
During the software reset, all customer-relevant displayed values
from the on-board computer, for example time, date and trip
distance recorder, are reset.
In the case of a RAM reload, the RAM is re-initialized, with the
exception of the date and time.
When this test function is started, the following list appears in
display area 2.

RAM reload ?
SW RESET ?

The RAM reload is started by pressing the trip distance reset

button for a longer period. A brief press switches to the software
reset, which is then triggered by another longer press on the trip
distance reset button.
If the test function is to be closed without triggering a RESET,
the remote control must be removed or one of the two buttons
(BC/CC) must be pressed on the FAS.

Note
A software reset should be performed after replacement of a
tank lever sensor or a temperature sensor, as otherwise the
attenuation function in the software will only display the current
value after considerable delay.

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