Section-A Section-B Section-C Section-D Section-E

S. No. Chapter Name (MCQs & A/R)

1 Mark

Q. No.
(VSAQs)
2 Marks

Q. No.
(SAQs)
3 Marks

Q. No.
(LAQs)
5 Marks

Q. No.
(Case Study) Total Marks
4 Marks

Q. No.
1
1 Chemical Reactions and Equations 3(Q2,3,17) 1(Q21) 1(Q27) 8

2 Acids, Bases and Salts 3(Q1,4,6) 1(Q28) 6

3 Metals and Non-metals 1(Q5) 1(Q21 OR) 1(Q37) 5

4 Carbon and its Compounds 1(Q7) 1(Q34) 6

5 Life Processes 1(Q8) 1(Q33) 1(Q38) 8

6 Control and Co-ordination 2(Q10,12) 1(Q35) 7

7 How do Organism Reproduce 1(Q18) 1(Q26) 1(Q29) 6

8 Heredity and Evolution 2(Q11,19) 1(Q24) 4

9 Light- Reflection and Refraction 2(Q30,31) 1(Q39) 10

10 Human Eye and Colourful World 1(Q25) 2

11 Electricity 2(Q14,16) 2
Sample Paper

12 Magnetic Effects of Electric Current 3(Q13,15,20) 1(Q32) 1(Q36) 11

13 Our Environment 1(Q9) 2(Q22,23) 5

LATEST PATTERN

20(20) 6(12) 7(21) 3(15) 3(12) 80

* Total Questions (Total Marks)

* The number given outside the bracket denotes number of questions asked in the sample paper, while the number given inside the bracket denotes marks.
 Sc-2 SCIENCE-X

Time Allowed : 3 Hours Max. Marks : 80

General Instructions
1. This question paper consists of 39 questions in 5 sections.
2. All questions are compulsory. However, an internal choice is provided in some questions. A student is expected to attempt
only one of these questions.
3. Section A consists of 20 objective type questions carrying 1 mark each.
4. Section B consists of 6 Very Short Answer type questions carrying 02 marks each. Answers to these questions should in
the range of 30 to 50 words.
5. Section C consists of 7 Short Answer type questions carrying 03 marks each. Answers to these questions should in the
range of 50 to 80 words
6. Section D consists of 3 Long Answer type questions carrying 05 marks each. Answer to these questions should be in the
range of 80 to 120 words.
7. Section E consists of 3 source-based/case-based units of assessment of 04 marks each with sub-parts.

SECTION-A
Select and write one most appropriate option out of the four options given for each of the Questions 1 to 20
1. Sodium carbonate is a basic salt because it is a salt of
(a) strong acid and strong base
(b) weak acid and weak base
(c) strong acid and weak base
(d) weak acid and strong base
2. A balanced chemical equation is in accordance with –
(a) Avogadro’s law
(b) law of multiple proportion
(c) law of conservation of mass
(d) law of gaseous volumes.
3. Chlorine gas reacts with _____ to form bleaching powder.
(a) dry Ca(OH)2
(b) dil. solution of Ca(OH)2
(c) conc. solution of Ca(OH)2
(d) dry CaO
4. One of the constituents of baking powder is sodium hydrogen carbonate, the other constituent is
(a) hydrochloric acid (b) tartaric acid
(c) acetic acid (d) sulphuric acid
5. Al2O3 reacts with
(a) only water (b) only acids
(c) only alkalis (d) both acids and alkalis
6. Which of the following is not a mineral acid?
(a) Hydrochloric acid (b) Citric acid
(c) Sulphuric acid (d) Nitric acid
7. The correct name of the given compound is:

CH3
CH3

CH3
CH3

(a) 2, 3-diethyl heptane (b) 5-ethyl-6-methyl octane

(c) 4-ethyl-3-methyl octane (d) 3-methyl-4-ethyl octane
 Sample Paper-1 Sc-3

8. The given diagram is marked as A, B, C and D. Label A and C represents

D
A C

(a) Lung capillaries and Vena cava from body

(b) Pulmonary veins from lungs and Aorta to body
(c) Pulmonary artery to lungs and vena cava from body
(d) lung capillaries and pulmonary vein from lungs.
9. In the given food chain, suppose the amount of energy at fourth trophic level is 5 kJ, what will be the energy available at the
producer level?
Grass Grasshopper Frog Snake Hawk
(a) 5 k J (b) 50 k J (c) 500 k J (d) 5000 k J
10. Growth of pollen tube towards ovule is an example of
(a) phototropism (b) geotropism (c) hydrotropism (d) chemotropism
11. A male child will be born if
(a) father is healthy
(b) mother is well fed during pregnancy
(c) genetic composition of child has XY set of chromosomes
(d) genetic composition of child has XX set of chromosomes.
12. Cytokinins are known to
(a) inhibit cytoplasmic movement.
(b) help in retention of chlorophyll.
(c) influence water movement.
(d) promote abscission layer formation.
13. Which of the following can produce a magnetic field?
(a) Electric charges at rest
(b) Electric charges in motion
(c) Only by permanent magnets
(d) Electric charges whether at rest or in motion
14. The resistance of a conducting wire doesn’t depend upon:
(a) Area of cross section (b) Length
(c) Temperature (d) Voltage applied
15. Magnetic field lines caused by a solenoid:
(a) are curves. (b) start at north and end at south.
(c) form closed loops. (d) is uniform everywhere.
16. Which of the following statements does not represent Ohm’s law?
(a) Current / Potential difference = Constant
(b) Potential difference / Current = Constant
(c) Potential difference = Current × Resistance
(d) Current = Resistance × Potential difference
 Sc-4 SCIENCE-X

Directions: Q.No. 17–20 are Assertion - Reasoning based questions: These consist of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason
(R). Answer these questions selecting the appropriate option given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is False but R is true
17. Assertion : Corrosion of iron is commonly known as rusting.
Reason : Corrosion of iron occurs in presence of water and air.
18. Assertion: Spermatogenesis requires 72-74 days to get completed.
Reason: Sperms reach the epididymis and stay there for 2-3 days for maturation i.e., to become motile.
19. Assertion: The flower colour of sweet pea shows the inheritance of complementary genes.
Reason: The ratio obtained for complementary gene is 9 : 7.
20. Assertion: Magnetic field lines do not intersect each other.
Reason: There cannot be two direction of magnetic field at a point.
SECTION-B
Q. no. 21 to 26 are Very Short Answer Questions.
21. (a) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of potassium metal with water to give potassium hydroxide and
hydrogen gas.
(b) If in a chemical equation we find an arrow pointing upwards, what does it indicate?
OR
(a) Why do silver ornaments turns blackish after some time ?
(b) Name any two metals which are soft and can be cut with an ordinary knife.
22. (a) We do not clean ponds or lakes, but an aquarium needs to be cleaned regularly. Why?
(b) Why is ozone layer getting depleted at the higher levels of the atmosphere ? Mention one harmful effect caused by its
depletion.
23. What is ozone? How and where is it formed in the atmosphere? Explain how does it affect an ecosystem.
24. In human beings, the statistical probability of getting either a male or a female child is 50%. Give reasons and explain with the
help of a diagram.
25. What is meant by dispersion of light? Explain how the ray of white light is dispersed. Which colour deviates more?
OR
Make a diagram to show how hypermetropia is corrected. The near point of a hypermetropic eye is 1m. What is the power of
lens required to correct this defect ? Assume that the near point of the normal eye is 25 cm.
26. (a) Name the reproductive and non-reproductive parts of bread mould (Rhizopus).
(b) List any two advantages of vegetative propagation.
SECTION-C
Q.no. 27 to 33 are Short Answer Questions.
27. (a) What is rancidity ? What is the general name of chemical which are added to fat and oil containing food so as to prevent
the development of rancidity?
(b) Metal X becomes green when left in air, turns black when heated in air. Name the metal and the compounds formed in
both the cases?
28. (a) Identify the substances that are oxidised and the substances that are reduced in the following reactions.
(i) ZnO (s) + C (s) Zn (s) + CO (g)

(ii) CuO (s) + H2(g) Cu (s) + H2O (l)

(b) Name the oxidising and reducing agent in the following reaction:
2H2S + SO2 2H2O + 3S
 Sample Paper-1 Sc-5

29. (a) Describe the parts of a flower.

(b) Draw a labelled diagram of the longitudinal section of a flower.
30. An object of height 6 cm is placed perpendicular to the prinipal axis of a concave lens of focal length 5 cm. Use lens formula
to determine the position, size and nature of the image if the distance of the object from the lens is 10 cm.
31. If the image formed by a mirror for all positions of the object placed in front of it is always erect and diminshed, what type of
mirror is it? Draw a ray diagram to jusity your answer. Where and why do we generally use this type of mirror?
32. On what factors the strength of magnetic field depends around
(a) a straight current carrying conductor.
(b) a circular wire carrying current.
OR
Name, state and explain with an example the rule used to determine the direction of force experienced by a current carrying
conductor placed in a uniform magnetic field.
33. (a) Draw a diagram depicting human alimentary canal and label gall bladder, liver and pancreas.
(b) State the roles of liver and pancreas.
(c) Name the organ which performs the following functions in humans:
(i) Absorption of digested food
(ii) Absorption of water

SECTION-D
Q.no. 34 to 36 are Long Answer Questions.
34. Define covalent bond? What do you mean by the term covalency. Give an example of each containing (a) single bond
(b) double bond (c) triple bond.
OR
Write down the chemical equations to represent the reaction of ethanoic acid with:
(a) Sodium metal
(b) Sodium carbonate
(c) Sodium hydroxide
(d) Ethanol in the presence of a little conc. H2SO4
(e) Heating with NaOH in presence of CaO.
35. (a) Write the names and more one function of each of three growth hormones in plants.
(b) In the absence of muscle cells, how do plant cells show movement?
36. (i) What is a solenoid?
(ii) Draw the pattern of magnetic field formed around a current carrying solenoid. Compare this field to that of a bar magnet.
(iii) Explain an activity to show that a current carrying conductor experiences a force when placed in a magnetic field.
SECTION-E
Q.no. 37 to 39 are case - based/data -based questions with 2 to 3 short sub - parts. Internal choice is provided in one of these sub-parts.
37. Read the following case/passage and answer the questions.
Non-metals are the elements which are generally poor conductors of heat and electricity except for graphite which conducts
electricity. Most properties of non-metals are the opposite of metals. They are neither malleable nor ductile. Non-metals form
negatively charged ions by gaining electrons on reaction with metals. Non-metals form oxides which are either acidic or
neutral. Non-metals have a wide variety of uses. Non-metals are used in the manufacture of rubber, for tires, in gunpowder,
fireworks and other material in fertilizers, as disinfectant.
(a) (i) Name the element which shows conducting property like metals.
(ii) Which insulating material is used for the coating of electrical wires?
(b) Give reason for non-metals not used as reducing agent.
OR
(b) Among P2O5, Al2O3, Fe2O3 which one is acidic oxide and why?
 Sc-6 SCIENCE-X

38. Read the following case/passage and answer the questions.

The main excretory system in humans is the urinary system. The skin also acts as an organ of excretion by removing water
and small amounts of urea and salts. They remove urea, toxins, medications and excess ions and farm urine. The kidneys also
balance water and salts as well as acids and bases. Nephron is called as functional unit of kidney. It is the structure that
actually produces urine in the process of removing waste and excess substances from the blood.
(i) What is the approximate length and thickness of kidneys?
(ii) Which structure allows the entry of blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerves to enter kidney?
(iii) Write the correct order of processes that occur in urine formation?
(iv) What is the order of toxicity among ammonia, urea and uric aicd (from lower to higher)?
39. Read the following case/passage and answer the questions.
The bending of the light ray from its path in passing from one medium to the other medium is called refraction of light. If the
refracted ray bends towards the normal relative to the incident ray (Passing obliquely), then the second medium is said to be
denser than the first medium. But if the refracted ray bends away from the normal, then the second medium is said to be rarer
than the first medium. If a ray of light passing normally i.e., at right angles from one medium to another optical medium then
it does not bend or deviate from its path. Refraction of light takes place due to change in the speed of light as it enters from
one medium to another medium.
(a) You are given water, mustard oil, glycerine and kerosene. In which of these media, a ray of light incident obliquely at
same angle would bend the most?
(b) For the same angle of incidence; the angle of refraction in three different media A, B and C are 150°; 25° and 35°
respectively. In which medium velocity of light will be minimum?
(c) Explain : A stick partly immersed in water appears to be bent at the surface of water.
OR
(c) Light enters from air to glass having refractive index 50. What is the speed of light in the glass ? The speed of light in
vaccum is 3 × 108 m / sec.
 SAMPLE PAPER-1

1. (d) The salt of a weak acid (carbonic acid, H2CO3) and a 21. (a) 2K(s) + 2H2O(l) ¾® 2KOH(aq) + H2(g) (1 mark)
strong base (sodium hydroxide, NaOH) is sodium (b) Gaseous state (1 mark)
carbonate (Na2CO3). OR
(a) Silver ornaments gradually turn black due to the
2NaOH + H 2 CO3 ¾¾
® Na 2 CO3 + 2H 2O formation of a thin silver sulphite layer on their surface
Sodium Carbonic Sodium Water
hydroxide acid Carbonate
by the action of hydrogen sulphide gas present in
(Salt) air. (1 mark)
2. (c) (b) (i) Sodium (ii) Potassium (½ + ½ = 1 mark)
3. (a) dry Ca(OH)2 22. (a) Ponds and Lakes are natural ecosystems as they contain
4. (b) Baking powder is a mixture of baking soda NaHCO3, decomposers which act as a cleaning agents, whereas an
aquarium is an artificial ecosystem, which do not contain
(sodium hydrogen carbonate) and a mild edible acid like
decomposers that clean it. Hence It need to be clean
tartaric acid. periodically.
5. (d) Al2O3 is an amphoteric oxide, so it can react with (b) Ozone Layer getting depleted at the higher levels of
both acids and alkalis, e.g. the atmosphere due to effect of chlorofluorocarbons
6. (b) Citric acid is an example of organic acid or edible (CFCs).
acid while HCl, H2SO4 and HNO3 are mineral acids. Its harmful effect is skin cancer. (1 + 1 marks)
7. (c) The name of the compound is 4-ethyl-3-methyl octane. 23. Ozone is molecule which contains three atoms of oxygen
8. (d) (O3). It is highly poisonous gas present on the upper layer
9. (d) Only 10% of the energy entering a particular trophic level of the atmosphere. (1 mark)
of organisms is available for tranfer to the next higher trophic Formation of ozone – The UV radiations split some molecular
level according to 10% law. In this food chain, at the 4th trophic oxygen (O2) apart into free oxygen atoms (O + O). These
atoms then combine with molecular oxygen to form ozone.
level, only 5 kJ energy is available to the snake. Thus, the
(1 mark)
energy available at the producer level will be 5000 kJ.
OR
10. (d) Growth of pollen tube towards ovule is an example
UV
of chemotropism. O2 ¾¾¾
↑O ∗O
11. (c) Because ‘XX’ chromosomes comes from mother and
‘XY’ chromosomes comes from father it means ‘XY’ O ∗ O 2 ¾¾
↑ O3 (2 marks)
chromosomes is responsible for male child. ∋Ozone(
12. (b)
24. A child inheriting an X chromosome from the father would
13. (b) Magnetic field (B) is produced by moving charge. be a girl (XX) while a child inheriting a Y chromosome from
14. (d) The resistance of a conducting wire doesn’t depend the father would be a boy (XY). Chromosome is the sex of
upon applied voltage. the child & determined by what inherited from father,
15. (c) Magnetic fields lines caused by solenoid forms close therefore the probability of having either male or female
loop. child is 50%. (1 mark)
16. (d) Ohm’s law states that the potential difference Parents
(voltage) across an ideal conductor is proportional to the Father XY X XX Mother
current through it. Sperms Eggs
V = IR
17. (b) Corrosion occurs due to oxidation of iron.
18. (c) Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect. X Y X X Gametes
Sperm reach the epididymis and stay there for 8-17 days
for maturation.
19. (a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and the
Reason is a correct explanation of Assertion.
9 purple and 7 white flowers are obtained in sweet pea
XX XX XY XY
(Lathyrus odoratus).
20. (a) Daughters Sons
(1 mark)
 Sc-62 SCIENCE-X

25. When white light splits into its seven constituent colours (ii) Plants do not have seed viablities, hence can be
(VIBGYOR) on passing through a prism, is known as reproduce. (1 + 1 marks)
dispersion of light. 27. (a) The oil and fat containing food when left exposed to
air reacts with oxygen and gets oxidised forming a
toxic chemical called rancid, this process is called
A
Screen
d rancidity. The general name of the chemicals that are
d R dY V
added to prevent this oxidation are called as
Incident antioxidants. For example, Nitrogen gas is anti-
white light R
q (1 mark) oxidant. (1½ marks)
Y
(b) Metal X is copper. Green compound is due to
µ V
formation of copper carbonate and black colour
compound is due to the formation of copper oxide.
Refractive index of glass is different for different (1½ marks)
components of white light. As different colours of light 28. (a)
pass through a prism, they bend through different angles
with respect to the incident ray. Reduction (removal of oxygen)
The red light bends the least while the violet bends the (i) ZnO + C Zn + CO
most. Thus, the rays of different colours emerge along
different paths and get dispersed. (1 mark) Oxidation (addition of oxygen)
OR
Hypermetropia is corrected by using convex lens of Therefore the substance
suitable focal length. Oxidised = C, Reduced = Zn (1 mark)
v = – 1 m = – 100 cm
u = – 25 cm Reduction (removal of oxygen)
According to lens formula, (ii) CuO + H2 Cu + H2 O
1 1 1
- = (½ mark) Oxidation (addition of oxygen)
v u f
Near point of a Hypermetropic eye
Therefore the substance: (1 mark)
1 1 1 1 1 Oxidised = H2, Reduced = CuO
=- - =- +
f 100 -25 100 25 (b) H2S is the reducing agent while SO2 is the oxidising
1 -1 + 4 3 agent. (1 mark)
= = (½ mark)
f 100 100 29. (a) A flower is a seed-bearing part of a plant, consisting
Hypermetropic eye of reproductive organs (stamens and carpels) that
100 are typically surrounded by a brightly coloured
f= cm
3 corolla (petals) and a green calyx (sepals). A typical
1 3 ´ 100 flower consists of following parts:
Power, P = = = 3D (½ mark)
f 100 (i) Sepals: It is the outer whorl of the flower. It is usually
green in colour but in some flower it may be coloured
to attract insects.
N (½ mark) (ii) Petals: It is the second whorl of flower and consists
N'
of coloured petals.
Correction for Hypermetropic eye (iii) Stamen: It is male reproductive part of a flower. Each
stamen consists of a stalk called filament and a
26. (a) Reproductive part of bread mould is sporangium. flattened top called the anther.
While non-reproductive part of bread mould is (iv) Carpel: Carpels have a swollen ovary at the base, an
hyphae. alongated middle style and a terminal stigma. The ovary
(b) Advantages of vegetative propagation are: contains ovules. Each ovule possess an egg which is
(i) Produces identical quality as the parent. female gamete. (4 × ½ = 2 marks)
 Sample Paper-1 Solutions Sc-63

The type of a mirror is convex mirror.

Stigma Anther

Stamen
(b)
Style Filament
Pistil

Petal B
Ovary Sepal A'

Fig.: Longitudinal section of a typical flower A B' F

(1 mark)
30. A concave lens always forms a virtual and erect image on
the same side of the object.
Image on the same side of the object.
Image distace, v = ? Convex mirror can be used as read&view mirrors in
Focal length, f = – 5 cm automobiles because it gives a wider field of view as the
Object distance u = – 10 cm mirror is curved outward. it produces erect and diminished
image of the traffic behind the driver of the vehicle.
1 1 1
= – (1 mark)
f v u
32. The factors on which strength of magnetic field depends:
1 1 1 1 1 (a) Around a straight current carrying conductor
= + = +
v f u –5 –10 (i) Current i.e. it is directly propotional to the
current flowing through the conductor.
–1– 2 –3
= = (1 ½ marks) (ii) Distance from the wire : Strength of magnetic
10 10
field is inversely proportional to the distance
v = – 3.3 cm from the wire carrying current. (1½ marks)
Size of the imgage v (b) Around a circular coil carrying current
Sizeof the object
= + (i) Current i.e., it is directly proportional to the
u
current flowing through the conductor.
h 3.3 (ii) Radius of coil, it is inversely proportional to the
=
6 10 radius of coil. (1½ marks)
OR
6 ´ 3.3 19.8
h1 = = = 1.98 cm. (1 ½ marks) Fleming's Left Hand Rule: The direction of force which
10 10
acts on the current carrying conductor placed in a magnetic
Size of the image is 1.98 cm.
field is given by Fleming's left hand rule. It states that if
31. Convex mirror (1 mark)
the forefinger, thumb and middle finger of left hand are
M
stretched mutually perpendicular and the forefinger point
r along the direction of external magnetic field, middle finger
A i indicates the direction of current, then thumb indicates
A along the direction of force acting on the conductor.
C (2 marks)
B B'
Example: When an electron enters a magnetic field at right
angles, the direction of force on electron is perpendicular to
the direction of magnetic field and current according to
N this rule. (1 mark)
Use: As rear view mirror in vehicles and also in malls, hotels,
airports for security reasons because it forms an erect image,
and wider field of view. (1 mark)
 Sc-64 SCIENCE-X

33. (a) Diagram of human alimentary canal conc. H SO

(d) CH 3COOH + C 2 H 5 OH ¾¾¾¾¾¾
2 4®

CH3COOC2 H5 + H 2O
Mouth
CaO
(e) CH 3COONa + NaOH ¾¾¾
® CH4 + Na2CO3
Oesophagus
(5 × 1 = 5 marks)
35. (a) Three growth hormones in plant are-
(i) Auxin: It is synthesised in the young tip of roots
and shoots. It promotes elongation and division
Liver of cell and root formation.
(ii) Gibberellins : They help in the growth of the
Gall Bladder Stomach
(Stores bile) stem and flowers.
Bile Duct (iii) Cytokinins : They promote cell division and delay
Duodenum
Pancreas leaf ageing. (3 × 1 = 3 marks)
(Small Intestine)
Large Intestine
(b) The ability of a plant to recognise change and
(Colon) Small respond to that change is termed as the sensitivity of
Caecum Intestine the plant. Yet plants have no nervous system and no
muscle tissue, they use electrical and chemical means
to convey the information from one cell to another
(1 mark) cell. The leaves of the sensitive plant (Mimosa
(b) (i) Role of Liver: Decomposition of haemoglobin, pudica) folds up in response to touch. These leaf
formation and secretion of bile for emulsification movements are independent of growth whereas, the
of fat. Formation of urea, heparin, fibrinogen and directional movements of the shoot of a germinating
prothrombin. Detoxification of chemicals and seedling breaking through the soil is growth
elimination of pathogens. dependent. (2 marks)
(ii) Role of Pancreas: Secretion of pancreatic juice 36. (i) A coil of many circular turns of insulated copper
having lipase, trypsin, and amylase, secretion of wire wrapped closely in a cylinderical shape is called
hormones, insulin and glucagon. (2 × ½ = 1 mark) solenoid. (1 mark)
(c) (i) Absorption of Digested Food: Ileum part of small (ii) magnetic fields of a solenoid and a bar magnet are
intesine. similar. (1½ marks)
(ii) Absorption of Water: Large intestine.
(2 × ½ = 1 mark)
34. Covalent bond formation involves sharing of electrons
between bonding atoms which may be either same or different.
(1 mark)
Covalency: The number of electrons contributed by an
atom for sharing is known as its covalency. (1 mark)
Example :

(a) H H ; H–H K

(b) O O ; O=O
(iii) A small aluminium rod suspended horizontally from
(c) N N ; N º N (1 × 3 = 3 marks) a stand using two connecting wires. Place a strong
horse shoe magnet in such a way that the rod lies
OR between the two poles with the magnetic field
(a) ® 2CH 3COONa + H 2­
2CH 3COOH + 2Na ¾¾ directed upwards. For this put the north pole of the
magnet vertically below and south pole vertically
(b) 2CH 3 COOH + Na 2 CO 3 ¾¾
®
above the aluminium rod. Now connect the
2CH3COONa + CO2 ­ + H 2 O aluminium rod in series with a battery, a key and a
rheostat. Pass a current through the aluminium rod
(c) CH 3 COOH + NaOH ¾¾
® CH 3 COONa + H 2 O
from one end to other. The rod is displaced towards
 Sample Paper-1 Solutions Sc-65

left. The displacement of rod will be towards (ii) Hilum allows the entry of blood vessels, lymph
right,when the direction of current flowing through vessels and nerves to enter kidney.
the rod is reversed. (2 ½ marks) (iii) The correct order of processes that occur in urine
formation is :
Glomerular filteration ® reabsorption ® secretion.
(iv) The correct order of toxicity is
uric acid < urea < ammonia (4 × 1 = 4 marks)
39. (a) Among the given material kerosene refractive index,
B m = 1.44, water m = 1.33, mustard oil m = 1.46 and
s
glycerine m = 1.74. Glycerine is most optically denser.
Therefore, ray of light bend most in glycerine.
A
(1 mark)
N (b) In medium B. (speed of light is higher in a rarer
medium). (1 mark)
– +
(c) A stick partially immersed in water appears to be bent
K
due to refraction of light. When a ray of light travels
from water to air (i.e. denser to rarer medium) from the
point O, then it bends away from the normal. On
37. (a) (i) Graphite, one of the allotropes of carbon shows extending these refracted rays on other sides, the
conducting property like metal. (1 mark) rays appear to meet at O'.
(ii) Polyrinyolchloride (PVC) is used as an insulating
The actual stick which is ABO appears to be as ABO'.
material. (1 mark) A
(b) Non-metals have tendency to accept electrons from eye
other species and get reduced itself. This means that Stick
B
it oxidizes the other species and act as oxidizing agent.
(2 marks)
(2 marks)
OR Water
O'
(b) P2O5 is an acidic oxide. It produces phosphoric acid
O
on reacting with water.
(2 marks) OR
P2 O5 + 3H 2 O ¾¾ ® 2H 3 PO 4
38. (i) The approximate length and thickness of kidney is (c) a mg = 1.5 ; v = ? ; c = 3 × 108 m/sec
11 cm and 3 cm. 8
c Þ v = c = 3 ´ 10 = 2 ´ 108 m / sec
a mg =
v a mg 1.5

(2 marks)