H R O TRANSMITTER & RECEIVEK

INTRODUCTION:
A
synchro is an
Convert electromagnetic
angular position of a transducer common iy
an
shaft into an electri idnal.
siEO
ne
Dasic synchro
usually called is
construction is similar to that of a
a synchro transmitter. tS
Btator
(stationary menber) three phase alternator i
is of
Slotted to acconmodate a balanced laminated silicon
three phase steel
winding and 1s
Hhicn i
usually of concentric coil type(Three
in the stator identical
r i t h their axis 120 deEree coils
apart ) and i s are Plao
Y connect
ed. The rotor is a dunb bell
centric coi1. an a . c . voltage construction
and wound with a con-
is
through slip rings.Ref .Fig.No. 1A. applied to the rotor Wina lnE

Let an a.c.
Vr(t) voltage
Vr sin Wct. . .(1)
be supPlied to
the rotor of the
synchro transnitter.This voltage
causes a floR of nagnetising current in the rotor coil
which
produces a sinusoidally time vary ing flux directed along its axis
and distributed nearly siusoidally, in the air gap along stator
periphery.Because of transforner action, voltages are induced in
each of the stator coils.As the air gap flux is
diatributed the flux linking any stator coil is sinusoidaliy
the consine of the angle between rotor and stator proport1onal
coil axis anddto
s o i s the
voltage induced in each stator coil.
The stator coil voltages are of course in time phase with each
other. Thus Re see that the synchro transnitter (TX) acts iike
single phase transforner in which rotor coil is the prinary and
the stator coils form three
secondaries.

Let Vsl N ,Vs2 N and Vs3 N respectively be the voltages induced

in the stator coils S1,S2 and S3 with
respect to the neutral.Then
for the rotor position of the transnitter shown in sychro,
fig.No.1 where the rotor axis makes an angle 0 with the axis of
the stator coil S2 .

Let Vs 1N = KVr sin Wct cos 0 +120). . . . . .

(2)
Vs2N= KVr sin Wct cos (0) (3)
Vs3N = KVr s i n Wet cos 0+240)
(4
The three terminal voltages of the stator are
Vs1s2 = Vs1N -Vs2N
= 3 KVr sin (0 +240) sin Hct (5)
Vs2S3 = Vs2N -Vs3N
3 KVr sin (0 +120 s in Wct (6)
Vs3S1 = Vs3N - VsiN
= 3 KVr sin (0 ) sin Wct . ..(7)

0012
 is eTO
ITon
Voltage equation (2) and (3) it is seen tnat
induced in the naIUd
G that the teTminal stator coil s2 while
l1L0o4 an of
TOtOr 1s defined as the voltage Vs3s1 is zero.This posiio".
&
reterence for electricn1 zero of the Tx and 1s Used a
specifying the angu lar position of the
rouo
Thus t is seen that the input.
to the synchro transmitter
angular position of its rotor shaft 1s e

Chree Single phase voltages given by and the output 1s t

nagnitudes of these
voltages are eq.(5),(6) and (7). Tne
functions of a shaft posIL1ol-
The classical synchro
systens consists of two units .

1.Synchro transnitter (Tx)

2.Synchro receiver (Tr).
The synchro receiver is having almost
the same
features. The tro units are constructiona
connected as shown in figure N0.2.
initially the winding $2 of the stator of transnitter is
tioned for naximun couplingg Rith rotor winding. Suppose pos1-
its
voltage is V. The coupling between S1 and S2 of the stator and
prinary (Rotor) rinding is a cosine function. Therefore the
effective voltages in these Hind ing are proportional to c0s bU
degrees or they are V/2 each. So long as the rotors of the trans-
mitterS and receivers renain in this position, no current R1il
flon between windings because of voltage balance.
When the rotor of Tx is noved to a new position, the voltage
balance is disturbed. Assune that the rotor of Tx is noved
through 30 degrees, the stator winding voltages will be changed
to zero, 0.866V and 0.866V respectively. Thus there is a voltage
inbalance betreen the windings causes currents to lf low through
the close circuit producing torque that tends to rotate the rotor
of the receiver to a nex position where the voltage balance is
again restoreed. This balance is restored only if the receiver
turns through the same angle 'as the transmitter and also the
direction of the rotation is the same as that of Tx.

The TxTr pair thus serves to transmit information regarding

angular position at one point to a remote point.

SYSTEM DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION.

The systen set up is nade up of synchro transmitter and synchro

sritches
receiver on single rigid base provided with suitable
a
piates.The systen also contains a step doxn
and anodised angular test
e x c i t a t i o n to the rotors. Suitable
transforner for provid ing
and stator (S1,S2 and S3) for both
points for rotor ( RI and R2)
provided.
Tx and Tr are

00123
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS:

xperiment No.1 Study of synchro transmit.1or

n this part of the expt,we can see how, because of the 1.ranS
of synchro trais-
LOrner action, the angular position of tlie rotl.or
mitteI is transformed into a unique set of stator voLtaEes.

PROCEDURE:
1.Connect the mains supply to the systen with the help of cable

patch cords to terninals marked

provided. Do not connect any
"S1,S2 and $3".

2.Switch on nains supply for the unit.

3.Starting from zero position,note down the voltage between

stator winding terninals i.e. Vsis2,Vs253 and Vs3sl in a sequen
1.1al nanner.Enter readings in a tabular foH and plutt a grapii of
angular position of rotor voltages for al1i three phases

coinsides Witi
4. Note that z e r o position of the stator rotor
VS3S1 voltage equa1 to zero voltage .Do not disturb this condi-
t i on.

Experiment no. 2:Study of synchro transnitter and receiver pair .

PROCEDURE:

1.Connect mains supply cable

to S1,S2 and $3
2.Connect S1,S2 and S3 terminals of ttransmil 1.er
of synciro receiver. by patch cords provided respectively.

3.Switch on SH1 and SW2 and also Switch on t he mains supply.

4.Hove the pointer i.e. rotor position of synchro transmitler Tx

i.n steps of 30 degrees and observe the new rotor position.0bserve
that whenever Tx rotor is rotated, the Tr rolor follows i t for
both the directions of rotations and their positions are in goud

agreement.

in
5.enter the input angular position and out.put. angnlar position
1he tabular forn and plot a graph.

PRECAUTIONS
1.Handle the pointers tor both the rot.urs in a gent. le manner
to Pull out the pointers.
2.Do not attenpt
rotor or s t a t o r terminaJs.
3.Do not slhort
 Sttur

tu

tutur

uusnilier.
Cunslruci iwinal feul ures ul syuclhio

.uF'f

ot syiicliru tu illisiuintir
ScliclIC diigr:l:

CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF SYICHRO TRANS1IT: ER

FIGURE NO. 1
 V
Slatur windinny o
Slulor winding Receivet

fronsiller
/

Rolor widing o
Rolor windlng of
rgnsintr
Pecevr

A.C.Line

syucluu'uhnsuiiller.
transulssiou uslug
(u) Torquc

lrGnsmitlet
ReclVe
stolo
Stutor
n
s6GGO
S70

Recelver
irusnitlr 1 Rotor
, Rolor

AC.Line

TRAIISHIT.ER AND RECEIVER

FELLOW UP SYSTEM OF SYNCHRO
FIGURE NO. 2
 FRONT PANEL VIEW OF SYNCHR0 TX & TR.

SYNCHRo
SYNCHRo
TRANSMITTER
RECEIVER

270 90 O
PL 270090
180
OFF 180
aINa L

R2
ON
R R
LSW1 SW2 O s2
s1
OO $3_

NOTE: 1) cONNECT S1, s2, s3

OF SYNCHRO TRANSMITTER TO $1, s2, $3 OF
SYNCHRO RECEIVER
RESPECTIVELI BY MEANS OF PATCH cORDS
2) SW1 & SW2 ARE SWITCHES FOR ROTOR sUPPLY
sYNCHRo Tx & TR. (EXCITATION) OF

TOP VIEW OF SYNCHRO

TRANSMITTER & RECEIVER.

STEP
sYNCHR DOWN
TRANSFOR MER SYNCHR
TX
TR

FIG. NO. 3
 VERSUS
SYNCHRO TRANSMITTER ROTOR POSITION
STATOR VOLTAGE FOR THREE PHASE
(VSIS3,VSiS2,VS2s3)

SR. ROTOR RMSVOLTAGE RMSVOLTAGE | RMSVOLTAGE

FOR STATOR FOR STATOR
NO. POOSITION FOR STATOR
TERMINAL TERMINAL
DEGREES TERMINAL
VS2SI
VS3SI VSIS2
60.3 59 8
1 00 0.1
30 33.8 34.5 68.6
58.9 1.1 60.7
60
33.7 34.9
90 69.1
59.6 0.4
120 60.1 32.6
150 36.2 68.9
180 0.9 60.3 593
33.9 34.8 68.9
210
59.1 0.3 59.6
240
68.8 33.5 34.9
| 10. 270
59.7 60 0.4
11. 300
33.5 69.2 35.1
12:| 330

(FIG NO. 4)
:

:
 TYPICALRESILISEOR
STUDY OF sYNCHRO TRANSMITTER AND RECEiVER.

ANGULAR POSTTION IN DEGREES ANGULAKPUSITION IN DEGREES

SYNCHROTRANSMITTER VP 3YNCHRO RECEIVER. OP
0.0 Q.5
300- 30.5-
60:0-
90.0
616-
89.0
120.0 119.0
150.0 148.0
180.0
178.0
210.0 209.0
240.0 240.0
10. 270.0
11.
269.0
300.0 299.0
12 330.0
329.0
NEAdonTE
R A

ANGULAK
TRANSMITitRSAOE )