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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

There are lots of issues in the country specially in the communities and one of this issues
is discrimination. Discrimination can be a horrible and hurtful experience and in may
instances, it’s against the law. The common reasons that people are discriminated is by their
age, their sexual preferences, specially if they have any kind of disability and lastly, against
to their sex or gender. People who negatively discriminate often behave in a way that is
intended to disturb or upset the other person. In this issue, the LGBTQ people are very
affected. [1]

The term LGBTQ is an initialism of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer or
questioning. It is an umbrella term, broadly referring to all sexualities, romantic orientations,
and gender identities which are not heterosexual or cisgender. [2]

In the 1990s, gay, lesbian, and bisexual activists adopted the term LGB, supplanting
narrower terms such as “gay or lesbian”. Terminology eventually shifted to LGBT, as
transgender people became more accepted within the movement. Around that time, some
activists began to reclaim the term queer, seeing it as a more radical and inclusive umbrella
term, though others reject it, due to its history as a pejorative. In recognition of
this, the 2010s saw the adoption of LGBTQ, and other more inclusive
variants. [2]

However , The LGBTQ are regularly experiencing bullying, mostly they are harassed and
discriminated base on their sexual orientation and their gender identity. Even many people
are familiar in LGBTQ. They cannot avoid that the straight people judge them. Many straight
people saying that being on LGBTQ is a plague in our society. They are the one that give
shame to our society. Some of them are not accepted by their parents. Because their parent
expected them that they grow as a straight person and they don’t have any protection from
the citizens who are attacking them in the street or even in other public places. [3]
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Furthermore, In the year 2013 congress passed the Anti- Bullying Law with the
implementing rules and regulations that enumerate sexual orientation and sexual identity as
prohibited grounds for bullying and discrimination are unacceptable and should not to be
tolerated in educational institution. [5]

According to the new report, the sense of community is important to LGBTQ people.
Having a positive community has a positive impact on their mental health to their emotional
well-being and quality of life. As this positive community happens, probably discrimination
will be decreasing thought factors of various types of LGBTQ discrimination come into play.
[6]

The purpose of this study is to determine the impacts of discriminating the LGBTQ people
in Barangay Maslog, Lawaan, Easter Samar. This study highlights how societal factors, such
as discrimination, play a crucial role in shaping the mental health landscape for LGBTQ
individuals. By recognizing and addressing these social determinants, it becomes possible to
work toward creating a more inclusive and supportive environment that fosters positive
mental health outcomes for everyone, regardless of their sexual orientation or gender identity.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the impacts of discrimination against LGBTQ people in
Barangay Maslog, Lawaan, Easter Samar.
Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions :
1. What the different discrimination that LGBTQ experience?
2. What are the effect of discrimination on their well being ?
3. Do other people support or accept the LGBTQ community?
4. What are the challenges do members of the LGBTQ community face?
5. How do LGBTQ people gather courage to come out to others?
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Conceptual Framework
Impact of
Input Process Output
Discrimination Survey Foster a positive
against LGBTQ impact against
Interview LGBTQ People
people

Scope and Delimitation

This study aims to determine the impacts of discrimination against LGBTQ people. This
study will be conducted in Barangay Maslog, Lawaan, Easter Samar during the year of 2024-
2025. The researcher will conduct an interview to the selected participants. The target
participants are the members of LGBTQ who currently lived in Barangay Maslog, Lawaan,
Easter Samar. The research method that will be used in this study is non-random sampling
method. 10 participants in total will be interviewed from Barangay, Maslog who faced
discrimination. In this study, the researcher will use Thematic Analysis. Thematic Analysis is
a method of analyzing qualitative data. It is usually applied to a set of text, such as interview
or transcripts. The researcher closely examines the data to identify common themes-topics,
ideas and patterns of meaning that come up repeatedly [6] (Caulfeild, 2023).

Significance of the Study

This group provides information on how this study will contribute and it’s important as a
whole. The findings of the study will rebound to benefit the following:

LGBTQ. The study has significance to the LGBTQ people as they will be aware in the
acceptance of others to them and the circumstances that can contribute to the willingness of
others in society towards them.

Society. This research will broaden the society’s knowledge and help them assume the
fact that LGBTQ people are not an illness, they are human being as well. The society will be
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mindful or the happenings in sorrounding to the LGBTQ people regarding to their views as
they give it in relation to their acceptance.

Parents. This study also hopefully instruct parents to accept and support LGBTQ people
rather than add to the discriminated that they already face. This make people learn to accept
LGBTQ as part of society by providing education and service to them.

Definition of Terms
For the better understanding of the study, the following terms were defined conceptually
and operationally.
LGBTQ - This refers to the people who are Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender.

Gender - This refers to the range of characteristics pertaining to and differenting between,
muscularity and feminity. This characteristics may include biological sex, sex based, social
structures or gender identity.

Discrimination - Means treating a person unfairly because of who they are or because they
process certain characteristics.

Interview - A meeting of people face to face , especially for consultation.

Factors - A circumstances fact or influence that contribute to a result or outcome.

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CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Related Literature
This chapter includes the ideas, generalization or conclusions methodologies and others.
Those that were included in this chapter helps in familiarizing information that are relevant
and similar to the present study.

According to the U.S office of disease prevention and health promotion, LGBTQ people
face significant health challenges a result of social stigma and discrimination.

Stigma, Bullying and Family Rejection

Biases against LGBTQ people from their family, religious community, work and school
affect their mental health and personal safety. LGBTQ people are more likely to be bullied in
school than other students. This has serious health repercussions, as peer victimization is a
leading cause of high risk sexual behaviors in middle and high school students.
Additionally, disclosing one's gender or sexual identity can cause significant interpersonal
challenges at home when parents or guardians fail to accept and support their child. Because
of family rejection LGBTQ people are overrepresented in foster care and are more likely to
become homeless than other their age.

Discrimination
Discrimination against LGBTQ individuals has been associated with high rates of psychiatric
disorders, substance abuse and suicide. LGBTQ population have the highest rates of drug use,
including the use of tobacco and alcohol. Elderly LGBTQ people face additional barriers to
health, especially because of isolation and a lack of culturally component provides.
One of the things that society does to marginalize certain group of people is to ignore them
and pretend that they are invisible. In the United States, this has happened to Indigenous
peoples, to people of African descent, and the homeless. Today it is happening to people who
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are lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or queer (LGBTQ). It happens in most societies all
around the world, where LGBTQ people are not even spoken about. Most of the time,
especially in schools, the only reference heard to gay people is when one student calls another
a "faggot" Name-calling is bad, but social invisibility and silence can be even more
detrimental, because they have the effect of denying someone's humanity. If some LGBTQ
people insist on making their presence known, the dominant culture reacts with hostility. This
persistent discrimination against the LGBTQ community causes disruption of individuals
well being, be faced with unfortunate adversity, and have negative effect on society as a
whole.
Negative attitudes toward LGBTQ students in school put them at an increased risk for
violence and I'll health, as compared to heterosexual students. In 2015, a nationwide study by
the Centers for Disease Control found that LGBTQ students were nearly three times more
likely than straight students to stay home from school due to of safety concerns. 34% reported
being bullied on school property and 10% were threatened or injured with a weapon on
school property. 28% were bullied electronically. The study went on to link exposure to
violence to negative effects on the mental health of these students. "Nearly one-third (29%)
of LGBTQ youth attempted suicide at least once in the prior year compared to 6% of
heterosexual youth" ("LGBT Youth | Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual , and Transgender Health |
CDC", 2017).
Unfortunately, school is not the first place where LGBTQ youth experience discrimination.
For many, it begins at home, often the instant they speak openly about their sexual
orientation. Coming out can be traumatic, with half of LGBTQ teens experiencing a negative
reaction from parents. Of those, 30% are subjected to physical violence and 26% end up
being thrown out of their homes. In the U.S., approximately 40% of all homeless youth are
LGBTQ( Friedman, 2014).
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CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY
This chapter describes and discusses how the researchers will be gather the necessary data
and information that will be used in the entire study. It describes who will be the respondents
and focus of the research. This also shows the procedure of data collection, procedure of
analyzing data and instruments used; these chapters also discuss the research design of the
study, and the research locale where the study will be conducted.

RESEARCH DESIGN
This study used the Phenomenological method of qualitative research that aims to determine
the struggles of LGBTQ people who experiencing Discrimination and how they able to cope
up when they encounter discrimination in their life.
According to Dr. Waters J. (2017), the goal of qualitative Phenomenological research is to
describe a "Lived Experience" of a phenomenon. As this is a qualitative analysis of narrative
data, methods to analyze its data must be quite different from more traditional or quantitative
methods of research. Essentially, you are focuse on meaning, the meaning of experience,
behaviour, narrative, etc.

RESEARCH LOCALE
The study was conducted in a selected people in Barangay Maslog, Lawaan Easten Samar.
The interview and observation will be held at the same place.

THE RESPONDENTS
The respondents in this study are composed of ten randomly randomly selected LGBTQ
people from the Barangay Maslog , Lawaan Easten Samar.
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Research Instrument
The researcher choose interview as a research instrument as it allows researchers to
delve deeply into participants thoughts, experiences, and perspective. Furthermore, this
method also provides an opportunity to gather detailed and nuanced information that may not
be captured through other research methods.

Data Gathering Procedure

After the instrument will be validated, the researcher will first ask permission through
a letter of request from the Adviser of this subject to conduct research and also a letter for the
respondents. Once approved, the researcher will get the list of the participants. Then, the
researcher will ask the respondents a schedule for their free time to conduct an interview. The
researcher will make sure to provide brief introduction, give insights about goals, and
purpose of the interview. Furthermore, the researcher will be open for question and
clarifications from the respondents.

Data Analysis
In this study, the researcher will use Thematic Analysis. It is a commonly used data
analysis in qualitative research, particularly in studies that aim to understand participants’
perceptions, experiences, and attitudes towards a particular phenomenon. Thematic analysis
involves the identification, coding, and analysis of patterns, themes, and categories in the data
collected from interviews or other sources. It can provide rich and detailed understanding of
the participants’ towards the impact of discrimination among the LGBTQ member and can
help to identify key themes and patterns.

Research Instruments
Interview Questions:
1. What are the effect of discrimination on your well being?
2. How do you handle the challenges that you face? State at least two.
3. Do other people support or accept you? If yes, why or why not. Explain your answer.
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4. What are the different discrimination that you experienced as an LGBTQ?

5. Despite of the discrimination that you experienced as a member of LGBTQ, what steps do
you do to boost your confidence?
6. How does your identity as an LGBTQ person influence your day-to-day life?
7. What has been one of the most empowering moments of your LGBTQ journey?
8. What do you wish more people understood about being LGBTQ?
9. How confident are you for being true to yourself? Why do you say so?
10. What advice would you give to someone who is struggling with their sexual orientation or
gender identity?

REFERENCES
1. https://au.reachout.com/challenges-and-coping/the-big-issues/what-is-discrimination
2. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ
3. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8941671/#:~:text=Sexual%20minority
%20youth%20are%20more,in%20these%20thoughts%20and
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%20behaviors.&text=Other%20mental%20health%20effects%20of,%2C%20and
%20lower%20self%2Desteem
4. https://www.hrw.org/report/2017/06/22/just-let-us-be/discrimination-against-lgbt-
students-philippines
5. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4337813/
6. https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/thematic-analysis/#:~:text=Thematic
%20analysis%20is%20a%20method,meaning%20that%20come%20up
%20repeatedly.